IMPERIO CAROLINGIO (Carlomagno) de Somos Documental - Dailymotion

Somos Documental

Carlomagno (en latín, Carolus [Karolus] Magnus; 2 de abril de 742, 747 o 748-Aquisgrán, 28 de enero de 814), de nombre personal Carlos, como Carlos I el Grande fue rey de los francos desde 768, rey nominal de los lombardos desde 774 e Imperator Romanum gubernans ImperiumNota 1​ desde 800 hasta su muerte. Carlomagno consiguió unir la mayor parte de Europa Occidental y Central y fue el primer emperador reconocido en gobernar Europa Occidental tras la caída del Imperio romano de Occidente, aproximadamente tres siglos antes.1​ El Estado franco expandido que fundó Carlomagno fue el Imperio carolingio, considerado la primera fase de la historia del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico. Fue canonizado por el antipapa Pascual III —acto que posteriormente se consideró inválido— y algunos lo consideran beatificado (que es un paso en el camino hacia la santidad) en la Iglesia católica. Tradicionalmente, la Iglesia católica lo venera como beato el 28 de enero. La Iglesia ortodoxa no veía con tan buenos ojos a Carlomagno, debido a su apoyo a la clásula filioque y a la preferencia que mostró el Papa hacia él como emperador frente a la primera mujer monarca del Imperio bizantino, Irene de Atenas. Estas y otras disputas condujeron a la ruptura de Roma y Constantinopla en el Gran Cisma de 1054.2​

Transcript

00:00The time will erase all traces, but I will prevent them from disappearing forever.

00:21I am the only one who can carry it out.

00:27He was my protector and my friend, and it is my sacred obligation not to let that great

00:35of his time fall into oblivion.

00:43Many years have passed since that memorable Christmas Day, in which Charles, my king,

00:48was crowned emperor in Rome.

01:08On December 25, 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor, he was at the height of

01:14his power.

01:16He ruled an empire that covered almost all of Europe.

01:23Charlemagne was the most powerful ruler of his time.

01:26In Rome, the Pope himself trembles before his presence.

01:30Long live Charles, emperor of the Romans!

01:35Long live the emperor!

01:38Long live our king!

01:44There is only one person who can tell the story of Charlemagne first-hand.

01:48His former comrade on the road, the eludite of the court Eginardo.

01:55Excuse me, master, I'm late.

01:59You have never arrived on time.

02:03I wonder, Io Hannes, if you are up to the mission I have assigned to you.

02:09I have proposed to start writing as soon as possible about the public and private life

02:15of the great King Charles and, of course, about everyone and each of his deeds.

02:24I lived by his side in the court for 20 years.

02:28I have earned his trust and I know his secrets.

02:32But don't forget this.

02:34Everything that is not reflected in writing must be kept secret.

02:39Yes, master.

02:41Tell me what I should write.

02:46The work will be titled...

02:49Vita Caroli.

02:51The life of Charles.

02:54Years after the death of Charlemagne, Eginardo, a wise man of his court,

02:58wrote the biography of a more famous ruler of the Middle Ages.

03:02Today Charlemagne appears represented as a supernatural ruler,

03:05a charismatic figure.

03:07But how was it really?

03:09Where does the myth end and reality begins?

03:18The story begins in a turbulent time.

03:21Pipino, Charlemagne's father, wants to be king of the Franks,

03:25but he is not the heir to the crown.

03:33It is already dawn.

03:35You have watched all night, sir.

03:45The ambitious Pipino wants to have a son to be able to found his own dynasty.

03:50It's a boy.

03:53In April 748, four long years after his wedding with Bertrada,

04:00the longed-for firstborn was born.

04:08Give the news to your lord.

04:14She became very anxious after her marriage,

04:17because she could not have children.

04:21Her position, and of course her husband's,

04:24depended on whether they could have a son or a son-in-law.

04:28Apparently she prayed to God with despair

04:32to allow her to become pregnant,

04:35and that's when she had Charlemagne.

04:39I guess then she must have felt very relieved.

04:44Sir, he is a healthy and beautiful boy.

04:48Now begins my future and yours.

04:51My son will be baptized with the name of Carlos, like my father.

04:56And he will be one of the greatest.

04:59God bless the future king.

05:05The Frankish kingdom, which consisted of multiple principalities,

05:09had been ruled by the Merovingians for generations.

05:13But Pipino, Charlemagne's father, had good reasons

05:16to get the support of the princes in their assault on power.

05:26Pipino became the ruler of a great empire.

05:29Under the Merovingian dynasty,

05:31the area of influence of the Franks had not stopped growing.

05:35In addition to its original settlement areas next to the Rhine and Almosela,

05:39it dominated a large part of present-day France.

05:42In three centuries, the Kingdom of the Franks

05:44became a great power in Europe.

05:49Abad Burkardo, how are things in your land?

05:52Not well, Abad Fulrado.

05:54According to the message we have received from Austria,

05:57many princes of Burgundy and Germany have sided with Pipino.

06:03I thank you for coming so quickly.

06:06The rebels are already forming a large group,

06:09and there are few who continue to support King Childerico.

06:13Soon no one will be able to prevent my triumph.

06:17But only a powerful ally will be able to silence all my rivals.

06:23Fulrado, Burkardo, are you willing to travel to Rome?

06:34The key to Pipino's plan was the Pope.

06:37The coup must have been blessed.

06:42My dear Abads, Fulrado and Burkardo,

06:47I inform you that, after thinking about it carefully,

06:51I have made the following decision about the future of the Kingdom of the Franks.

06:56It is better that the king be the one who has the power

06:58and not the one who has lost all his power.

07:01Therefore, by virtue of the apostolic authority,

07:04the King of the Franks will be from now on

07:07Mayor of the Palace of Pipino.

07:12Your Holiness, you have made a favourable decision for the Franks,

07:16and also favourable for you.

07:22The Pope of Rome had become an unknown authority until then,

07:27in the Frank Kingdom.

07:30Pipino was forced to seek a higher legitimation

07:34from the Frank nobles and the Frank bishops

07:37to consolidate their political ambitions,

07:40and he did not have much to choose from.

07:42The easiest thing was to go to the Pope.

07:46Thus, by order of the Pope of Rome,

07:50the father of Charles Pipino was crowned King of the Franks.

07:56The last king of Merovingia let Pipino

07:59hang his head and lock him up for life in a monastery.

08:07Are you still writing, Johannes?

08:11In any case, even before the coronation of Pipino,

08:15the former king had to settle for

08:18keeping the title, the hair and the beard,

08:22and play governing, sitting on his throne.

08:27From that moment on, Pipino had to proceed with great skill.

08:34He promised the Pope to defend Rome from all its enemies,

08:39and he became a protector of the Church.

08:44In return, he got the role of the Pope

08:49for his firstborn, Charles, and for his second son,

08:53named Charlemagne.

09:02In the new royal house of Carolingia there were two heirs to the throne,

09:05Charlemagne and his brother Charlemagne.

09:07Since childhood, the two looked more like rivals than like brothers.

09:24Enough!

09:27Leave him immediately!

09:32Charlemagne, the youngest and right-handed,

09:34used to impose himself in competitions,

09:36a fact that Charlemagne did not live as an humiliation.

09:41Charlemagne, the youngest and right-handed,

09:43used to impose himself in competitions,

09:45a fact that Charlemagne did not live as an humiliation.

09:48Charlemagne, the youngest and right-handed,

09:50used to impose himself in competitions,

09:52a fact that Charlemagne did not live as an humiliation.

10:18of my last wills.

10:21I will divide the kingdom of the Franks

10:24between my two sons.

10:26I beg you to be as loyal to them as you have been to me.

10:32In addition, I determine that you, Charles,

10:35reign in the north of Neustria and Austrasia,

10:39and in the west of Aquitaine.

10:42To you, my dear son,

10:45I leave you the east of Aquitaine,

10:47Burgundy,

10:48Provence,

10:49Germany,

10:50and the south of Neustria and Austrasia.

10:57This decision is irrevocable.

11:06The distribution seems balanced at first glance,

11:09but Charlemagne felt hurt.

11:11His kingdom is arranged in a semicircle around his brother's,

11:14so he will be forced to make much longer journeys.

11:21Pipino distributed his kingdom in a rather strange way,

11:27and geographically incoherent.

11:30Charlemagne's territories did not surround Charlemagne's,

11:33and each had a part of Aquitaine.

11:37Since the times of the Merovingians,

11:40Aquitaine was a very precious region.

11:43Pipino's goal, by distributing his inheritance,

11:46was surely to force his children to collaborate,

11:49something they did not know how to do,

11:51that they did not want to do.

11:54There was a strong rivalry for supremacy.

12:01In the famous abbey of Saint-Denis,

12:03are the tombs of the Frankish kings.

12:07Also Charlemagne's father, Pipino,

12:09lies here with his wife, Bertrada.

12:18When he divided his territory between his two sons,

12:21he could not imagine the consequences of his decision.

12:27After the death of Pipino,

12:29each one took possession of the region of the kingdom

12:32that corresponded to him according to the paternal decision.

12:36The coronations took place at the same time.

12:42But each of the brothers chose a church of his own kingdom.

12:49Since then, well,

12:52it was very difficult to maintain peace between the two kings.

12:59Shortly after the coronations,

13:02the struggle for supremacy broke out.

13:07Ha!

13:09And it was not by chance that the women

13:11who began to sow discord ...

13:25This was also the intention of your father.

13:27The family is very rich and influential.

13:30With this marriage, the Bavarians and the Lombards will be on my side.

13:33My kingdom will be stronger.

13:37My kingdom will be stronger.

13:45Soon you will have news.

13:47Go with my blessing, my son.

13:50What can be so important

13:52for my brother to be worthy to visit us?

13:55Don't be so hard, Carlos.

13:58And let me tell you,

14:00that even if you are king,

14:02you are still not the most powerful.

14:05With you by my side, mother,

14:07I have nothing to lose.

14:09I have nothing to lose.

14:11I have nothing to lose.

14:13I have nothing to lose.

14:15I have nothing to lose.

14:17With you by my side, mother,

14:19I have nothing to fear from my brother.

14:22I will be by your side, as I have always been.

14:27But don't underestimate your brother.

14:29He has powerful allies.

14:34Relations between princes

14:36used to be always tense and complex.

14:40And in this case, we have clear evidence

14:42that it was so.

14:44And I wonder if perhaps

14:46it was this mother's special feeling

14:48that she had for her eldest boy.

14:51She certainly tried to make peace

14:53between her two sons,

14:55but it became clear

14:57after her brother's death

14:59that they were getting along perfectly.

15:01But I think the one that she preferred

15:03was Carlos.

15:11Majesty.

15:14It would be beneficial to have a heir.

15:20Besides, it would be a shame

15:22if your brother were faster.

15:26I bring you news.

15:29From what I have heard,

15:31Carloman is going to get married very soon.

15:40He is already living with his future wife.

15:45Don't say anymore.

15:51Don't worry about that.

16:08Sir, I have just arrived from Duasdives

16:10and I have not seen a trace of your brother's army.

16:15My horse!

16:20At the borders of the kingdom,

16:22there is a rebellion.

16:24In this case, the two brothers

16:26are forced to collaborate militarily.

16:30Agitania, conquered by King Pipino,

16:32rises against the Franco occupiers

16:34under the command of his former lord,

16:36Unaldo.

16:39Carlomagno waited for his brother in Montcontour,

16:42500 kilometers from the conflict area,

16:44to march together against Agitania.

16:47But Carloman did not show up

16:49in the agreed place.

16:54Without your military assistance,

16:56your brother will throw himself

16:58against Unaldo's sword.

17:00That is the plan.

17:02He will attack without my help.

17:04He will feel obliged for his honor

17:06and for that of our father.

17:09And what are you going to do

17:11when you are defeated?

17:18What a pleasant visit!

17:20What do I owe this honor?

17:22Since time immemorial,

17:24the kings of the Franco have always fought together.

17:26We have also sworn

17:28to fulfill that sacred law.

17:30If that law is so sacred to you,

17:32do the same as me.

17:34Send your warriors home.

17:36To be the admirer of the whole world?

17:39You had promised me your help.

17:41Have you forgotten?

17:45Well, I have advised myself with others.

17:48Cheers, brother.

17:50Soon you will overcome humiliation.

17:56Damn traitor!

18:00You see?

18:02You have the strength to kill me.

18:05All you lack is courage.

18:15It is not clear

18:17why Charlemagne refused to help.

18:19Did he want to leave his brother

18:21in a compromised situation?

18:23Was he allied with the Aquitans?

18:25It is likely that there was

18:27an old enmity between the brothers.

18:29The sources do not clarify it.

18:31But what we do know

18:33is that Charlemagne was left alone

18:35after the confrontation with his brother.

18:40Charlemagne is in the situation

18:42in which his brother wanted to see him.

18:44Fleeing the fight would be a sign of weakness.

18:46Fighting alone is a huge risk.

18:48Charlemagne cannot afford

18:50a defeat.

18:52The king will only keep his crown

18:54if luck, that is, God,

18:56accompanies him in the fight.

19:04Charlemagne may feel

19:06sure of himself for having

19:08the most advanced weapons

19:10and military technology.

19:12This indicates a valuable document

19:14from the library of the Abbey of San Galo,

19:16one of the largest and oldest libraries

19:18in the world.

19:23Here is a manuscript

19:25from the Carolingian era

19:27of incalculable value.

19:29It is the Golden Salterio,

19:32shows the Franks the attack

19:34with bows and arrows,

19:36with swords and shields.

19:38As protection, the soldiers

19:40wear a coat of mail and

19:42scam armor, a very advanced

19:44technology for its time.

19:56The army of Charlemagne

19:58is well equipped

20:00and, more importantly,

20:02the first thing the enemy sees

20:04is an army of iron.

20:06It is terrifying.

20:10An experiment will study

20:12the speed and force of percussion

20:14that an arrow reaches

20:16when hitting the armor.

20:18The travel of the arrow

20:20will be recorded

20:22with a high-speed camera.

20:24The target is a torso

20:26made of soap

20:29The shooter and the mannequin

20:31are exactly 10 meters away.

20:37The camera, at 3,000 frames per second,

20:39records the flight of the arrow.

20:45This is when they penetrate the torso.

20:47What speed has the arrow reached?

20:51The arrow has flown

20:53at 45 meters per second,

20:55that is, 172 kilometers per hour.

20:59How fast!

21:01How fast!

21:27What protection did the coats of mail

21:29and the scam armor have?

21:31Were they the real secret weapon

21:33of the Franco army?

21:43The coat of mail is the main

21:45form of armor that was used

21:47at that time.

21:49It was made of interlocking rings

21:51and protected mainly against

21:53swords, spears and cutting weapons.

21:55But it was not very effective

21:57against the arrows,

21:59as our experiment shows.

22:01However, it did stop some arrows.

22:05The coat of mail does not offer

22:07much resistance to projectiles,

22:09but it reduces the impact force

22:11so that the deadly arrows

22:13are trapped in the jugón.

22:17The Franco scam armor

22:19makes the arrows bounce.

22:23The Franco entered the territory

22:25of the gypsies in staggered columns

22:27and defeated the enemy units

22:29attacking the flanks.

22:33Charge!

22:55The most important factor

22:57in the military successes of

22:59Charlemagne is simply money.

23:03He ruled a state with

23:05a growing economy.

23:07It had a small industrial sector,

23:09although important,

23:11as it allowed him to manufacture

23:13weapons and armor in large quantities.

23:25Sir!

23:27Sir!

23:29You have a son!

23:31Your wife has given birth

23:33to a child!

23:35We have a heir!

23:37The Francos

23:39will be the winners!

23:55After the victory,

23:57Charlemagne regained

23:59control of Aquitaine

24:01and also annexed the part

24:03that he had inherited

24:05from his brother Charlemagne.

24:19The success in the battle

24:21of Charlemagne legitimizes

24:23his reign.

24:25It allows him to show his court

24:27that he is a king soldier

24:29capable of winning

24:31and that gives legitimacy

24:33and stability to his government.

24:35Probably his brother

24:37had not thought

24:39that if Charlemagne did not win,

24:41he as a younger brother

24:43would be in a secondary position.

24:45So we can assume

24:47that Charlemagne

24:49regretted not having assisted

24:51in the liberation of Aquitaine.

24:55Carlos gave his son

24:57the name of his father Pipino.

24:59He was also happy

25:01for having made clear

25:03his superiority to his brother

25:05with his demonstration of strength.

25:07But a few months later

25:09something unheard of happened.

25:11Charlemagne

25:13also baptized his firstborn

25:15with the name of Pipino.

25:17It was a great provocation

25:19towards his brother.

25:21You should know that Carlos

25:23always patiently endured

25:25the hostility

25:27and jealousy of his brother.

25:31Yes, also then

25:33people were surprised

25:35that he never reacted

25:37with fury.

25:39Rather, he took care

25:41of his affairs in his own way.

25:43Or maybe it's better to say

25:45that it was his mother

25:47who began to organize

25:49in her own way

25:51the affairs of her son.

25:57The king's mother,

25:59Bertrada, secretly crossed

26:01the Alps towards Italy.

26:05She was heading to the palace

26:07of the king of the Lombards,

26:09Desiderio, in Pavia.

26:11Bertrada wants to close

26:13an alliance with the old enemy

26:15of the Francs

26:17to strengthen the reign

26:19of Charlemagne.

26:21The sources usually give

26:23very little information

26:25about the role of women

26:27at that time.

26:29Therefore, in the case of Bertrada,

26:31we can see that she enjoyed

26:33a position of dominance

26:35very unusual

26:37and that she handled

26:39the situation

26:41very well.

27:09With your permission,

27:11I would like to introduce you to my daughter.

27:17This princess will marry Charlemagne

27:19sealing an alliance with the Lombards

27:21that will allow them to surround

27:23the kingdom of Charlemagne from the north,

27:25the west and the south.

27:27That is the plan.

27:31The only problem is the Pope

27:33who distrusts the alliance

27:35between the enemies of Rome,

27:37the Francs.

27:41The Pope, Esteban III,

27:43sees in Bertrada's strategy

27:45the hand of the devil

27:47and writes directly

27:49to the king of the Francs.

27:51Already in paradise,

27:53Satan used a woman

27:55to incite the infidelity

27:57of the divine law.

27:59Now,

28:01he uses the same method again.

28:03This marriage

28:05is a diabolical

28:07inspiration.

28:09The noble and excellent people of the Francs

28:11cannot and should not

28:13unite with those damn Lombards.

28:17Saint Peter himself

28:19implores for the dreadful day

28:21of the final judgment

28:23that the king of the Francs

28:25does not marry the daughter of the king of the Lombards.

28:29But Bertrada imposed her decision.

28:31Charles separated from his wife

28:33and sent her,

28:35as is usually done in these cases,

28:37to live in a convent.

28:41Unfortunately,

28:43we know very little about Himmeltruda.

28:45We do not know anything about her family either.

28:47But we can assume

28:49that it was not a very powerful family

28:51because there are no protests

28:53against repudiation.

28:55Charlemagne separated from her

28:57even though he had given her

28:59a son named Pipino,

29:01the hunchback.

29:05We also do not know

29:07what happened to her

29:09after the repudiation.

29:11The sources do not mention anything else.

29:31Carlos,

29:33your fiancée has come a long way

29:37and she would like to meet you.

29:49I hope your trip

29:51has not been tiring.

29:57I'll wait for you for dinner.

30:01That marriage

30:03to the princess Lombard

30:05seemed very useful.

30:07King Lombard

30:09had married his daughters

30:11to very prestigious people

30:13and Charlemagne

30:15was entering

30:17a constellation of power already existing.

30:23Now it's time to move

30:25Charlemagne's card.

30:31He's coming.

30:51I know what to do.

30:57Our second son

30:59of hands of the same father tomorrow I will send a letter to Rome

31:08His Holiness will agree and seal is a new alliance

31:20but Carlos and above all Bertrada did not want to allow an alliance between

31:27Carloman and the Pope and the alliance did not come to be established because as was to be expected

31:35Bertrada began to move the threads once again and managed to attract the Pope to his land

31:42Carloman was so angry that he came to think of marching against Rome he wanted to attack the city of

31:50Apostol San Pedro? That's right, and in that case the fratricidal war that had been threatening for a long time would have exploded

32:00but Providencia had other projects

32:07sometimes the ways of the Lord are really inescrutable

32:10The fate took the reins before the war broke out

32:23With only 20 years old, Carloman died in mysterious circumstances

32:38for Carlomagno the death of his brother there would be unexpected possibilities

33:08Take care of our two children and protect yourself from my brother

33:24You must not allow it to be done with the crown

33:27Carlomagno did not take long to proclaim himself the only king of the Francs

33:40Carloman's unexpected death was a gift for Carlomagno

33:47I'm not so sure he didn't play dirty

33:51but speculation is just one part of historical work

33:57the other is the statement of the witnesses

34:00which in this case does not give indications that Carlomagno had something to do with the death of his brother

34:08Carloman's widow, Gerberga, has a very temerous plan

34:16to put his children out of Carlomagno's reach through the Alps

34:21His destination is the court of the king of the Lombards, Desiderio

34:35Gerberga flees to Italy, probably with the hope of being able to face his powerful brother-in-law and defeat him with the help of the Lombards

34:44I couldn't be more wrong

34:47Carlomagno took two years to march on Italy

34:50but by then Carloman's heirs were gone

34:57Carlomagno's Lombard wife's days in court were also counted

35:14Isn't your wife coming?

35:18She has already sat at my table too many times

35:21I made a mistake

35:24I shouldn't have agreed to that marriage

35:27We have a valuable alliance with your wife's family

35:32What do you mean, Carlos?

35:35I mean that I am the king of the Francs

35:38and that from now on I will make all the decisions

35:41and that your Lombard will return with his people of traitors

35:47Carlomagno resumes his father's policy and abandons his mother's

35:51Until the year 771 we did not know what Carlomagno's true opinion was

35:58With the death of his brother Carlomagno things changed radically

36:02and he finally had freedom of decision

36:06But don't you understand that this is a declaration of war against Desiderio?

36:11So be it

36:14Didn't my father fight against the Lombards?

36:17And for the Pope?

36:20Your father's times are over

36:23We don't need wars, but alliances

36:26You're wrong, mother

36:28Why is my sister-in-law hiding in Desiderio's court?

36:31She trusts me to help her children to be crowned behind my back

36:36I don't think that's your sister-in-law's intention

36:39The war, mother, started a long time ago

36:42and you don't make the decisions anymore

36:57His relationship with Italy was changing

37:00He wanted an alliance with the Pope

37:03and he wanted to break away from the Lombards

37:07But he also needed to marry a woman of the aristocracy

37:13which is much more normal than a foreign marriage

37:17He wanted to marry a powerful family

37:20capable of supporting him politically and militarily

37:23who would provide military and political support for him

37:30Carlomagno married Hildegarda

37:33the daughter of a count of the aristocracy

37:38It had been a long time since he had sent his wife to Lombardy with his father

37:44During the next eleven years

37:47Hildegarda gave birth to nine children

38:00On the one hand, Hildegarda had relatives in the kingdom of Carlomagno

38:18Her father was a great support for Carlomagno in that territory

38:24In addition, the young Hildegarda, who was then 14 years old

38:29had to be charming

38:32since she managed to reconcile with those who opposed the marriage

38:39As far as we know, she became one of the most beloved queens

38:49Desiderio, the king of the Lombards, humiliated by Carlomagno

38:53He went to Rome to face his last chance to convince the Pope

38:58Holiness

39:00I suppose you have already heard of the misfortune that the children of Carlomagno have suffered

39:05Do you mean ...

39:07that our, if you allow me ...

39:09impetuous Carlos has overtaken the poor children in the successive line?

39:15Has he taken away the crown of the Franks that was their right?

39:19Well ...

39:21And what role do you want him to play in this function?

39:26Holiness

39:28With permission

39:29You

39:30You are the only one who can determine the legitimacy of the crown

39:35I beg you

39:36to crown the young as the legitimate heirs to the throne of Carlomagno

39:42They are his children

39:46It is true that, as I have heard

39:48you have them under your protection

39:51and do you expect to get any benefit?

39:54Well ...

39:56I'll think about it, but ...

39:58such a decision takes time

40:05For Carlomagno

40:07the papal blessing to the children of his late brother

40:10would have been a great challenge

40:12He could not allow the Pope to legitimize other claimants to the throne

40:18because after the death of his brother

40:21he had claimed the whole kingdom of the Franks

40:25and that would be a reason to go to war

40:36In May of the year 772

40:38the war with the Lombards seemed inevitable

40:41but the treatment that Carlomagno had dispensed to his nephews

40:44bothered many nobles of the kingdom

40:50The situation is very tense when Carlomagno, like every year

40:53renews the vows of the vassalage

40:59Prince Gerol

41:01the faithful vassal of my brother

41:04And now, if God allows it, yours

41:08And also my brother-in-law

41:11Let's go!

41:13Let's not waste time!

41:22As I see it

41:25we are not united

41:27and that saddens me

41:29especially when I see

41:31how the Frankish princes

41:33do not swear loyalty to their legitimate king but to a ...

41:37traitor Lombard

41:39But let's leave the Lombards

41:42and let's take care of the Saxons

41:47When Carlomagno returned home

41:49to his Lombard wife

41:51he knew he would go to war against the Lombards

41:54but he also knew that in his own ranks

41:57partly because of his mother

41:59the campaign against the Lombards

42:01would find resistance

42:03therefore he would have to eliminate that resistance

42:05to be able to declare war against the Lombards

42:09During that time he acted as the king soldier

42:11who was and organized the campaign against the Saxons

42:14at that time a king had to be always at war

42:17that was his main occupation

42:19the war

42:26Pipino, Carlomagno's father

42:28had already faced the Saxons

42:30a confederation of Germanic tribes

42:32his son was following in his footsteps

42:35The Saxons had been introducing themselves for years

42:37more and more in the north of the kingdom of the Franks

42:39Carlomagno decided to go one step further

42:41than his father

42:43in the year 772

42:45he decided to enter brutally

42:47in the Saxon territory

42:49to the upper Béxar

43:07Ah! Ah! Ah!

43:33The war against the Saxons

43:36which unlike the Franks

43:38were not baptized or Christianized

43:40had to have a religious component

43:42religion

43:44was a part of the ethnic and political identity

43:46that could be used

43:48to subdue a people

43:50in this sense, we do not know that Carlomagno

43:52has considered military rule

43:54and the imposition of Christianity in Saxony

43:56as two independent processes

43:58for him they were two sides of the same coin

44:00Who were the Saxons?

44:02How and where did they live?

44:04It is said that the imposing megaliths

44:06of Eksterstein

44:08of the mountains of Ege

44:10were a place of worship for the Saxons

44:12a pagan Germanic people

44:14who dedicated animal sacrifices

44:16to the gods of nature

44:18The doctor in physics

44:20Clemens Boda

44:22tries to determine

44:24if these artificial chambers

44:26were still used

44:28in times of Carlomagno

44:32It is very likely

44:34that they have continued to be used

44:36at the entrance the wear is very pronounced

44:42Years ago, remains of bonfires

44:44were found here

44:46The question is

44:48how long did bonfires burn in these walls?

44:50Clemens Boda

44:52hopes that the dating by luminescence

44:54of the samples obtained

44:57will be the answer

45:01This is good

45:03Yes, this will serve

45:13Little is known about the religious rituals

45:15of the Saxons

45:17However, the fire

45:19was considered sacred

45:21in all pagan religions

45:23as well as the blood of the animals

45:25with which the priests

45:27intended to punish

45:29their terrible gods

45:31Yes

45:33Yes

45:35Yes

45:37Yes

45:39Yes

45:41Yes

45:43Yes

45:45Yes

45:47Yes

45:53Clemens Boda

45:55dates the samples

45:57by luminescence

46:00and can determine

46:02the moment of the last increase

46:04of temperature

46:06of the quartz grains

46:08contained in the rock

46:10It takes several days

46:12to prepare

46:14and analyze the samples

46:26The results show

46:28that a bonfire was lit

46:30in the caves of Eksterstein

46:32between the 8th century

46:34and the 16th century

46:36That is, also during the wars

46:38between the Franks and the Saxons

46:44It is not possible to determine

46:46whether they were bonfires

46:48used for rituals

46:50because there are no archaeological remains

46:52that indicate it

46:54But in the surroundings of Eksterstein

46:57there is a great importance

46:59of the place

47:01Many believe that here

47:03was the legendary Irminsul

47:05the main relic of the Saxons

47:07It was an immense tree

47:09that supported

47:11the celestial vault

47:15In the exterior wall

47:17of the main cave

47:19was carved in the 16th century

47:21a Christian relief

47:23that showed a descent

47:25the representation

47:27of the furrow

47:29of a tree similar

47:31to the descriptions of Irminsul

47:37Does the relief tell us

47:39that here was the main

47:41sanctuary of the Saxons?

47:43This would explain

47:45why Charlemagne fought

47:47so fiercely for this region

47:49Charlemagne hoped

47:51that by conquering the sanctuary

47:53he would be able to

47:55restore peace

47:57But what he did not imagine

47:59is that the fight

48:01would last many years

48:23you

Carlomagno: El Primer Emperador del Sacro Imperio - Documental

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Transcripción

IMPERIO CAROLINGIO (Carlomagno)

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