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Tafseer (Summary) of Surah Al-Baqarah 1. Introduction and Guidance (Verses 1–5) Begins with Alif, Lam, Meem—known as Muqatta'at (disjointed letters), whose full meaning is known only to Allah.
The Qur’an is introduced as a guidance for the God-conscious (Muttaqin).
Describes three groups:
Believers: Accept the unseen, pray, and give charity.
Disbelievers: Have sealed hearts and won’t respond.
Hypocrites: Pretend to believe but deceive themselves.
2. The Story of Adam (Verses 30–39) The creation of Adam (A.S.), his status as a khalifah (vicegerent), and the command to angels to prostrate.
Iblis (Satan) refuses and is cast out.
Adam and Eve eat from the forbidden tree, seek forgiveness, and are forgiven.
3. The Children of Israel (Verses 40–123) Extensive discussion about Bani Israel, their blessings, disobedience, and the consequences.
Mention of Moses (Musa A.S.), the cow (which gives the surah its name), and their rebelliousness.
Lessons in gratitude, obedience, and the danger of twisting religious teachings.
4. Abraham and the Ka‘bah (Verses 124–141) Prophet Ibrahim (A.S.) is introduced as a model of submission.
His role in building the Ka‘bah with his son Ismail (A.S.).
The direction of prayer (Qiblah) is changed to the Ka‘bah.
5. Legal Rulings (Verses 142–242) Surah Al-Baqarah includes many laws, making it central to Islamic jurisprudence:
Salah (prayer) and facing the Qiblah.
Fasting in Ramadan.
Hajj pilgrimage.
Charity (Zakat).
Laws of retaliation (Qisas).
Inheritance and wills.
Marriage, divorce, and waiting period (‘iddah).
Prohibition of interest (riba).
Business ethics and contracts.
6. Spiritual and Moral Teachings Patience, gratitude, and trust in Allah are emphasized.
Believers are tested with fear, hunger, and loss, but patience leads to reward.
