- 5/22/2025
Descubre en este fascinante documental "El Sudario de Turín: Nuevas Evidencias Reveladoras" las últimas investigaciones sobre una de las reliquias más controvertidas de la historia. A través de un análisis científico profundo y entrevistas con expertos, exploraremos las evidencias del Sudario de Turín que podrían cambiar nuestra comprensión sobre su origen y significado. ¿Qué dicen los últimos descubrimientos recientes sobre este arte religioso? Acompáñanos en esta búsqueda del conocimiento y sumérgete en el misterio del Sudario de Turín. ¡No olvides suscribirte para más contenido educativo y revelador!
**Mejores 3 hashtags:**
#SudarioDeTurín #Documental #NuevasEvidencias
**Mejores 3 hashtags:**
#SudarioDeTurín #Documental #NuevasEvidencias
Category
📺
TVTranscript
00:00The crucifixion of Christ, the most representative event of the Christian faith.
00:09For centuries, people believed that his body was wrapped in a cloth of linen,
00:15the Holy Sheet of Turin,
00:18and that in its fabric was the imprint of the very face of Christ.
00:23Here's something that proves that Jesus walked and preached among us.
00:27The shroud was venerated as a fascinating physical link with the crucifixion, but is it authentic?
00:33In 1988, the Carbon 14 test determined that it was a medieval falsification.
00:39At five minutes, we already knew that he was not 2,000 years old.
00:44Now, one of the first scientists to analyze the relic has discovered new and amazing evidence.
00:51In an interview held just before his death, he reveals why the Holy Sheet of Turin could be genuine.
00:58I think I can get very close to proving that it was used to bury the historical Jesus.
01:06The Shroud of Turin
01:15On October 8, 1978, an unprecedented event took place in the Italian city of Turin.
01:22For the first time, the Church allowed scientists to examine the Shroud of Turin,
01:28one of the most mysterious objects in the Western world.
01:33For 120 hours, the Research Project of the Shroud of Turin
01:37conducted thousands of tests on this 4-meter-long linen cloth,
01:41which many believe is the funerary shroud of Jesus Christ.
01:47We opened the Pandora's box and created a whole new group of questions.
01:55One of the most prominent members of the team was Ray Rogers,
01:59an eminent chemist from the U.S. National Laboratory in Los Alamos.
02:04Rogers was a man of science, not of God, but the shroud intrigued him.
02:10It entangled great enigmas that he wanted to solve.
02:15I don't believe in miracles that defy the laws of nature.
02:22If the Shroud was authentic, this fragile cloth would have survived 2,000 years.
02:31According to the Gospels, Jesus was crucified by the Romans.
02:37His corpse was hung from the cross and wrapped in a shroud.
02:45Many believed that after the resurrection of Christ, the Shroud had been preserved.
02:52But the history of this cloth is as mysterious as the life of the person who portrays it.
02:59For centuries, the Shroud vanished.
03:08Suddenly, in the 14th century, a priest appeared in the French town of Liry.
03:14It was claimed that he was the one of Christ.
03:22It was a time of famine and plague in Europe.
03:27Fear and superstition led to an important market of religious relics, many of them false.
03:35The fragments of the crown of thorns of Christ and the wooden plates of his cross were the center of hopes and prayers.
03:43This is a time when people couldn't look to the government, to a vaccine, to the army.
03:48They couldn't look to anything that could protect them, except Jesus, except the saints, except these relics.
03:56These fragments of the true cross, which if they joined together, would probably end up forming a redwood tree.
04:05There were many different Shrouds, and of all of them, it was claimed that they were the one of Christ.
04:11But the most attractive was the Shroud of Liry.
04:13The faint image of a man was incredibly detailed and captivated the imagination of everyone who saw it.
04:22The Holy Shroud of Turin arouses an emotional attachment that very few other objects have.
04:28The image of the Shroud is so powerful, and the image that it bears has significance for so many people.
04:37But the Shroud also suffered its misfortunes.
04:41The fire was about to destroy it in 1532, and the water stained the image.
04:51Some nuns repaired the Shroud and adorned it with a protective lining.
04:56In 1578, the Shroud was moved to its current location in northern Italy.
05:03For the next four centuries, it was preserved in Turin and occasionally shown to the faithful.
05:11But few people outside of Italy knew about the Shroud, or had seen the pale image of Christ.
05:26Only in 1898 did the world finally learn of the incredible image of the Shroud.
05:33The Italian Secondo Pia took the first photograph.
05:36When it was published, the Holy Shroud gained world fame.
05:45When Secondo Pia takes this photograph, he almost falls over.
05:49He was afraid, because he said, my God, I was looking at the face of the Lord.
05:54That's when he realized that the image on the cloth is a negative.
05:58The lights and the shadows are inverted with respect to what we are used to seeing.
06:02For the first time, it was possible to clearly see the body of the Shroud as a positive image.
06:09The photograph showed details that were invisible to the naked eye, and caused a stir.
06:19He was immediately accused of fraud, of cheating, of lying, of manipulating it.
06:25It's a fabrication.
06:26And it wasn't until 1931, when Giuseppe Enrie was authorized to photograph the Shroud for the second time,
06:33obtaining the same results, when the world of science said,
06:38perhaps we could examine it more carefully.
06:43Scientists were denied access to the sacred relic,
06:47but the photographs already belonged to the public domain.
06:50And as the 20th century advanced,
06:53new technologies revealed even more detailed images of the face,
06:57in some amazing three dimensions.
07:04By the 1970s, the Holy Tabernacle of Turin was already famous all over the world.
07:09Many believed that it was the mortuary of Jesus,
07:12and even so, scientists had not been able to examine it.
07:15But advances in photographic analysis began to reveal incredible hidden clues in the image itself.
07:34A breakthrough was experienced, using a new and extraordinary image processing device,
07:39the VP8, originally conceived to analyze aerial photographs.
07:45It converts the light and shadow of a traditional two-dimensional image
07:50to create a luminosity map, represented on a three-dimensional grill.
07:55Scientists wondered if it could be used to cast new light on the Shroud.
08:00Engineer Peter Schumacher contributed to the development of this technology.
08:04No one in our company had heard of the Holy Tabernacle of Turin,
08:08and let's not say seen images or wanted to make an analysis of it.
08:15When Schumacher placed an ordinary photograph under the machine,
08:19it showed levels of luminosity, but did not reveal three-dimensional data.
08:25If we look, the cheeks are not so flat,
08:28his eyebrows do not protrude from the forehead,
08:30his nose does not really cover his entire face.
08:41This aspect was presented in all the photos.
08:44The machine could not decipher its true heights and depths
08:48to show a true three-dimensional image.
08:51But when an image of the Shroud was placed under the device, something very remarkable happened.
09:00Suddenly we are seeing a contrast that has to do with height and depth.
09:05Real distance.
09:07The nose has prominence.
09:09The cheeks have a curve.
09:11The hair has its shape and is curved.
09:15The whole image has dimensions.
09:20The results indicated that the image of the Shroud
09:23could have been created by an authentic human body.
09:30The Shroud is an unprecedented image.
09:33It is the only one of its kind in the whole world.
09:36There is nothing like it.
09:39It is a three-dimensional relief.
09:42The front and back of a complete human being.
09:45The only one in the world.
09:48There is no other in any way.
09:51No way.
09:53I do not know any way to do it.
09:55I have never heard of a way to do it.
09:57Only the Holy Shroud of Turin.
10:00The Shroud of Turin.
10:02The Shroud of Turin.
10:04The Shroud of Turin.
10:06Tired of these results and eager to find out something more,
10:10a group of scientists formed the research project of the Shroud of Turin.
10:15They pressured the ecclesiastical authorities to obtain permission to analyze the Holy Shroud.
10:20They said, we should see if we can find out how this image was formed.
10:25The biggest problem has always been access to the canvas itself.
10:29At last, in the spring of 1978,
10:32despite the strong resistance of many sectors of the Vatican,
10:36the Church acceded.
10:38The Church had a relatively illustrated concept about the Shroud.
10:42In its bosom there are many who believe that it is not the true mortage of Christ
10:47and do not want anyone to manipulate it.
10:49And the other side of the coin is that if we do not let the scientists study it,
10:53we will never know the truth.
10:55For the first time, science had the opportunity to test the authenticity
11:00of one of the most sacred relics of Christianity.
11:04It was a very solemn and moving moment.
11:07I must confess that I was bewildered for a few minutes
11:10until I regained my lucidity and I understood that I had to get to work.
11:14The scientists were not allowed to mark, cut or damage the Holy Shroud in any way.
11:20All these tests had to be non-destructive.
11:22Most of the locals did not like anything that we were touching this sacred object.
11:27At all times we were guarded by a detachment of carabinieri,
11:31armed with machine guns that not only watched us,
11:35but also whoever came in or out.
11:38We all had a special identification.
11:41Apparently they had received threats at that time and did not want to take risks.
11:46The main objective of the team was to discover how the image had reached the Shroud.
11:53Was it made with paint or otherwise?
11:56They only had five days to do their tests and they worked against the clock.
12:00Barry Schwartz was a photographer on the team.
12:04A spectral analysis was carried out.
12:07Sam Belcoury carried a spectrometer that he was using.
12:10A mosaic of photographs was made.
12:12It was photographed using ultraviolet fluorescence photography techniques.
12:17X-ray radiographs were made using X-ray fluorescence and reflectance techniques.
12:25One of the most prominent scientists of the project was Ray Rogers,
12:29a renowned chemist who directed the thermochemical investigations
12:33of the US laboratory in Los Alamos, where the atomic bomb was developed.
12:38The fabric was made of finely woven linen fiber with a spike point.
12:44Rogers was particularly interested in the areas damaged in the fire of 1532.
12:51My specialty is thermochemistry.
12:54I study the effects of heat on materials and that fabric had burns.
13:01I was asked, can I determine if it is painted or not?
13:05It did not contain any painting material.
13:09And what is even more important for me,
13:12they poured water over it to extinguish the fire and the image did not run with the water.
13:18That's rather amazing,
13:21because it eliminates from a pen almost anything that could be used to paint the image.
13:29One of the main components of linen is cellulose.
13:31And what we see on the surface of that darkness that forms the image is actually degraded cellulose.
13:38It's not a pigment.
13:42Then the scientists focused on the areas where the image showed bleeding wounds
13:48and made a stunning discovery.
13:52Chemical traces of real blood.
13:55The team had discovered an important relationship with the crucifixion.
14:12According to the biblical account, Jesus was nailed to the cross.
14:16When bleeding, the walls of the red blood cells would have broken, releasing hemoglobin,
14:22the blood component that transports oxygen throughout the body.
14:27When hemoglobin decomposes, bilirubin is created,
14:31the substance that makes hematomas turn yellow.
14:37The analysis showed that the spots contained very high levels of bilirubin,
14:41which matches the trauma of the crucifixion.
14:48And ultraviolet photography revealed another incredible clue.
14:53You can see bloodstains around the bloodstains that were not visible
14:58until our team photographed the sweat with ultraviolet fluorescence
15:03about 2,000 years after this man apparently died.
15:06Sweat is the liquid medium in which red blood cells float.
15:10It remained invisible until ultraviolet light made the dry sweat become fluorescent.
15:15No medieval artist could have foreseen the invention of ultraviolet fluorescence photography
15:21and said, I'm going to hide this sweat stain and you'll find it in 700 years.
15:26It's a miracle.
15:28It's a miracle.
15:30It's a miracle.
15:31I'm going to hide this sweat stain and you'll find it in 700 years.
15:37Please.
15:40Ray Rogers and the team completed their research in 1978 with more questions than answers.
15:49The image could have been created by the contact of an authentic body.
15:53But who was the body?
15:55When did he die?
15:57And was he really crucified?
16:02The crucifixion was a long, horrifying and painful death
16:07reserved for criminals and the lowest level of Roman society.
16:12You weren't nailed up there to kill you.
16:15You were nailed up there to crucify you, to torture you.
16:18They didn't want you to die immediately.
16:20In fact, there are evidence that they were surprised that Jesus died so soon.
16:25It's difficult to gather scientific data on the crucifixion
16:28because the last official Roman crucifixion took place in 337.
16:39But in a quiet residential area of New York City,
16:43a man had been experimenting with the crucifixion for years.
16:49Dr. Frederick Sagivy, forensic pathologist,
16:52has investigated many scenes of horrific crimes
16:55as head of forensic medicine in Rockland County, New York.
17:00My area of study was the mechanism, the way, the cause of death
17:05and the type of suffering that the individual had.
17:10Since 1948, Dr. Sagivy has investigated the Holy Sabbath
17:15to answer the fundamental question.
17:19Does the evidence in the sudarium
17:22match the characteristics of a person killed by crucifixion?
17:26First, the doctor built a cross
17:29to determine how he killed people by crucifixion.
17:33Until then, the victim was supposed to suffocate under his own weight.
17:39But the doctor's experiments suggested something else.
17:43The cause of death was a shock
17:46which causes a heart failure and the heart stops pumping.
17:51Then he observed how he was attracted to the crucifixion
17:55and how he crossed his hands with the nails.
17:58The sudarium shows a source of blood next to the wrists.
18:02But are the human hands nailed to a cross
18:05strong enough to support a crucified body?
18:08The doctor designed special gloves to find out.
18:13His tests revealed that the nails would hold the body.
18:18But he also made a surprising discovery.
18:22The Roman practice of nailing the victim's palms to the cross
18:27would have blinded the medial nerve,
18:30so the thumbs would go inwards.
18:33A careful exam of the sudarium shows us exactly this.
18:37The thumbs are hidden under the palms,
18:40just as one might expect in a crucifixion.
18:46In his investigation, the doctor found other clues in the Holy Sabbath.
18:52If you look at the face, it's not symmetrical,
18:56which is proof of a beating.
18:59I looked at the angles of the blood in the cranial region
19:03where the crown of thorns was.
19:06The blood flow runs through where the muscles contract
19:10and the veins appear in a spiral.
19:14The blood flows through the back of the hand,
19:17runs freely through the side, and accumulates in a pool.
19:24I've seen many, many cases of hand injuries
19:28in the forensic medicine office.
19:31From his investigation, the doctor came to an overwhelming conclusion
19:35about the image of the sudarium.
19:38From the point of view of forensic pathology,
19:41it is perfectly plausible that it is a crucified individual.
19:44I have no doubts at all.
19:48Dr. Sagiby's evidence and photographic evidence were in agreement.
19:53The victim of the sudarium had been crucified.
19:56But was it Jesus Christ or a medieval man?
20:01To answer this crucial question,
20:04scientists had to find out the antiquity of the sudarium.
20:07And that required the collaboration of the Catholic Church.
20:18In 1988, scientists requested permission
20:22to take a sample of the cloth for its date with carbon-14.
20:26Although they did not know, Pope John Paul II
20:30had already consulted his own scientific advisers
20:33and had made a decision.
20:36I was in Rome at the time, and there was a real tension,
20:40a real controversy about whether or not to submit to these scientific tests.
20:43Because if it is the mortage of Jesus,
20:46is not it an indignity for our only physical bond with the Savior?
20:50And others said, if it is a fraud, we need to see it one way or another.
20:55And Pope John Paul II, in his favor,
20:58and the Vatican, in his favor, said,
21:01no, we are going to submit it to the necessary tests.
21:05It was a historic decision.
21:08The scientists finally received permission
21:10to date the sudarium with carbon-14.
21:14For this test, the sample of the cloth had to be burned.
21:18Irreversibly destroying a piece of the sudarium
21:21was an extremely controversial act.
21:24The ecclesiastical authorities imposed strict conditions on the scientists
21:28and only allowed a small sample of a damaged corner of the Holy Sabbath to be cut.
21:33It was an appropriate decision.
21:36It was an area of the cloth that nobody was going to complain about.
21:38Nobody was going to dissent claiming that a sample had been taken of the best preserved area.
21:45The extracted part of the damaged corner was divided into four pieces.
21:50One of them was sent to the University of Oxford.
21:54Another to the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich.
21:58And two smaller pieces were sent to the University of Arizona.
22:03Dr. Tim Joule belonged to the Arizona team.
22:06Everybody, all the plants and all the animals on this planet
22:11contain approximately the same amount of carbon-14 while they are alive.
22:16When we die, the carbon-14 of our body fades away at a known rate of disappearance.
22:21If we measure the carbon-14 of the sample and compare it with a reference,
22:25we can calculate the age from the relationship between the sample and the reference.
22:30First, the sample of the sudarium was cleaned of impurities.
22:34Then it was burned.
22:37We start off with a piece of linen and we burn it on this end,
22:42turning the carbon of this sample into a gaseous state.
22:46Then the carbon dioxide solidified and became graphite or pure carbon.
22:52Each sample of graphite was analyzed with a mass acceleration spectrometer
22:57that counted each and every one of the atoms of carbon-14.
23:01This particle detector counts the atoms one at a time.
23:06For a modern sample, we count up to 100 atoms per second.
23:11For an old sample, one that's close to 50,000 years,
23:15we may count five or ten atoms in two minutes.
23:20Counting the number of atoms, the scientists calculated the date.
23:25For the test, all the laboratories worked in isolation.
23:30Finally, after checking and checking the results again, they got the answer.
23:36They already knew the antiquity of the sudarium.
23:40We wanted to make sure we were right, so we measured it more than we usually do.
23:45And we knew five minutes later that it wasn't 2,000 years old.
23:51The Shabana Santa de Turín turned out to be a medieval object from the 14th century,
23:56and that's what the radiocarbon treatment shows.
24:00The sudarium was dated between 1260 and 1390.
24:06The result was an amazing revelation that took the headlines all over the world.
24:12It was already a scientific fact.
24:15Turin's sudarium couldn't be Jesus of Nazareth's mortar.
24:23Despite the tests, many believers refused to accept the results
24:27of the carbon-14 dating.
24:30Their faith in the sudarium was unbreakable.
24:34And soon they made a discovery that sowed doubt in the scientific world.
24:42In 1988, the Shabana Santa de Turín was the most controversial relic in the Christian world.
24:49The carbon-14 dating had concluded that it was a falsification of the 14th century
24:54and not Jesus of Nazareth's mortar.
24:58But scientific evidence had also shown that the image was not painted,
25:04and that the canvas contained the chemical components of real blood.
25:10As a result, believers continued to believe that the sudarium could be genuine
25:16and that the carbon-14 dating had failed.
25:24Here you have the most studied artifact in history,
25:28and science still can't give us an answer.
25:34Ray Rogers, a member of the team that carried out the first scientific study,
25:39had always kept his mind open about the sudarium.
25:45But as a man of science, he was enraged that believers in the Shabana Santa
25:49put into question the dating with carbon-14.
25:57I had been reading things written by people who were lunatics
26:01who were explaining why the dating was erroneous.
26:06I was irritated.
26:08I was getting mad.
26:11I don't have any faith at all in people who say,
26:14I think I see flowers in the sudarium,
26:17or I think I see sailing ships sailing along.
26:20There are people so emotionally involved in this
26:23that they're not going to receive any scientific result.
26:26Their faith is not going to be disturbed by intellectual scientists.
26:36In the remote mountains of Panama,
26:39the obsession of a believer in the Shabana Santa
26:41is about to arouse a renewed interest in the sudarium.
26:44Peter Sunds is a retired doctor
26:47and an expert in three-dimensional images,
26:50who now works as an artist.
26:52The Shabana Santa of Turin is a great message,
26:55the gift of God to the world.
26:57Investigating a sculpture,
26:59Dr. Sunds came across an image of the Shabana Santa that changed his life.
27:03I have the feeling that the image touches the soul.
27:11Using his medical knowledge,
27:13he began a remarkable project that would give life to the static image.
27:17The obsession got into my head.
27:20I didn't know anything about carbon-14 dating.
27:22I didn't know anything.
27:24The only thing that was clear in my head was
27:26that it was the true cross of Jesus Christ.
27:29With the help of experts from Holland and Argentina,
27:32Dr. Sunds embarked on a complex process
27:35that would transform the face of the sudarium
27:38into a three-dimensional hologram.
27:42I got the idea that there was holographic information
27:45in the sudarium of Turin.
27:47The image was divided into a lot of portions.
27:50Then we put all these images together
27:52to form a three-dimensional image.
27:54So what we have on the computer now
27:57is the face of Jesus in three dimensions.
28:01After three years of hard work
28:04and computer processing,
28:06the three-dimensional image of the body was completed.
28:09According to Dr. Sunds,
28:11this is the true face of the historical Jesus
28:14captured only a few moments after his death
28:17when he was wrapped in the sudarium.
28:27When I saw the results for the first time,
28:30that really moved me.
28:32People start crying when they see these images.
28:36And I've seen people whose lives have changed completely.
28:39It changed my life.
28:43The publication of the image
28:45aroused a renewed interest in the Holy Sabbath,
28:48but it did not show that the linen fabric was authentic.
28:51Believers in the sudarium had to adopt scientific methods
28:55if they wanted to have hope of refuting the result of Carbon 14.
28:59And in 2000, in the United States,
29:02two people did just that.
29:10Sue Benford and her husband, Joe Marino,
29:13believed that the sudarium was authentic.
29:17I had never heard of the Holy Sabbath
29:20before 1997.
29:23I was doing zapping
29:25and I saw the face on TV
29:27and something very...
29:29I was sure
29:31that that was truly the face of Jesus.
29:35This vision instigated Benford and her husband
29:37to find evidence that the results of Carbon 14
29:40were wrong.
29:42None of them were professional scientists.
29:46Benford ran a non-profit organization
29:49that advocated human trafficking
29:52to animals in scientific research.
29:55And Marino worked for the State University of Ohio.
29:58But they believed they had given a crucial evidence
30:01that demonstrated the error of dating with Carbon 14.
30:04Look here.
30:05Nowhere else is there this dark green,
30:08so defined,
30:10dark green.
30:12Verifying some images obtained in 1978,
30:15Benford noticed something strange
30:17in the fragment of sudarium
30:19chosen for dating with Carbon 14.
30:22The spike point,
30:24so uniform in the rest of the fabric,
30:27seemed badly aligned.
30:29Our theory is that there is a mixture of fabric
30:32from the 16th century
30:33and fabric from the 1st century.
30:36And the data that we are finding on the sheet
30:39confirm that theory.
30:42Benford and Marino believed
30:44that the dating with Carbon 14 was wrong
30:47because the section chosen for the samples
30:50was contaminated by subsequent material.
30:53They believed that the original linen
30:55had been repaired with a completely different cotton fabric
30:58in the 16th century.
31:00Then the repair was dyed with peritia
31:03to make it invisible at first sight.
31:08When you re-do an orgy like this,
31:11you're not just sewing two pieces of material together.
31:16And that would give you all like one
31:19or all like one or all like the other.
31:22It's more like this.
31:24The ends are unraveled in the fabric.
31:26The ends are unraveled in the patch.
31:29And the threads are connected together.
31:32And the threads are connected together.
31:35So you see a little interweaving
31:37that you have new and old material
31:39in both ends of the equation.
31:43I was skeptical when I heard this.
31:46But they had used photographs
31:48that were available from the samples
31:50taken for the dating with Carbon 14.
31:52And they had submitted them
31:54to several textile experts
31:56in the area of La Sabana Santa.
31:58And each and every one of the experts,
32:00independently of each other,
32:02said, you know, this looks like it's been re-worn.
32:05The samples taken for the dating with Carbon 14
32:08were cut from a corner of the sewing
32:11adjacent to a seam.
32:13It was in fact a damaged area
32:15by someone who had cut a fragment
32:17perhaps to sell it as a relic.
32:19So it needed a repair.
32:22Benford and Marino argued
32:24that since the sample used
32:26for the dating with Carbon 14
32:28contained material from the 16th and 1st centuries,
32:30the result was an average of both.
32:37Looking for a definitive proof,
32:39Benford observed more closely
32:41the results of the dating with Carbon 14
32:44to see if there was something strange
32:46in the data of the three centers
32:48where the test was done.
32:50And hidden among the numbers
32:52they found evidence that some parts of the sample
32:54contained more cotton
32:56than others in the 16th century.
32:58If you look at the data they didn't publish,
33:00Arizona had some of the oldest dating,
33:021238,
33:04and the most recent, 1430.
33:06And you think,
33:08did they really deviate 200 years
33:10in their laboratory?
33:12Well, maybe it's because they took
33:14material from both sides.
33:16Now we don't know that for sure
33:18and they haven't confirmed it
33:20but it's interesting.
33:22Oxford is the second oldest
33:24and it's the closest sample to this side,
33:26and Cambridge is in the middle.
33:28And you know what?
33:30They have the central part
33:32and they have the central dates.
33:34In 2000,
33:36Benford and Marino published an article
33:38in which they asserted that
33:40medieval cotton was introduced
33:42in the damaged corner of the Sudario del Hino.
33:44Their statements were immediately
33:46rejected by the scientific community.
33:48A specific researcher was outraged.
33:52One of the king's objections
33:54was that it was not about scientists
33:56and that he didn't take them very seriously.
33:58I think he took us for two
34:00of those lunatics back then
34:02and probably many more occasions.
34:06I had given up on the Sudario
34:08and this was about the same time
34:10that the lunatics were presented
34:12with an infinite number of ways
34:14in which the dating could be wrong
34:16and this was the last straw.
34:18And I got a call from the king
34:20and he said,
34:22you know,
34:23this is absurd,
34:25I can refute these people
34:27in five minutes.
34:29I said,
34:31go ahead.
34:33He was a gun guy.
34:35He was one of those guys
34:37who, if he didn't like what you said,
34:39he would disassemble the revolver
34:41before he gave you time
34:43to take a breath.
34:45He was not very tolerant
34:47and especially with people
34:49who didn't do rigorous science.
34:51Rogers was in a unique position
34:53to confirm whether the Sudario
34:55contained any subsequent
34:57cotton repairs.
34:59Ray had in his possession
35:01since 1978
35:03the samples taken from the surface
35:05of the Sudario
35:07but remember,
35:09they were not large fibers
35:11but fibers extracted from the surface.
35:13He also had samples taken
35:15from the Sudario
35:17by Professor Ray
35:18in a plant adjacent
35:20to the area taken
35:22for carbon-14 dating.
35:24But Ray Rogers
35:26was running against time.
35:28He was fighting and losing
35:30a battle against cancer
35:32and he knew his end was near.
35:34His old friend Barry Swartz
35:36was determined to allow Rogers
35:38to have the opportunity
35:40to speak beyond death.
35:42I am Ray Rogers,
35:44Raymond N. Rogers
35:46and I've been working
35:48since 1977.
35:50He recorded a detailed interview
35:52with Rogers
35:54so that the dying scientist
35:56could leave evidence
35:58of what he had discovered.
36:00So I read his article
36:02and I thought,
36:04I've got the samples
36:06that can leave them
36:08without arguments.
36:10So I got out the samples
36:12from Ray's
36:14and also the samples
36:16for radiocarbon
36:18and they were right.
36:20There's cotton here.
36:22There's cotton in the rest
36:24of the Sudario
36:26but there's cotton
36:28in the woven here.
36:30They must be right.
36:32No one was more surprised
36:34than Rogers.
36:36His observation seemed
36:38to confirm the theory
36:40of Benford and Marino.
36:42The original Sudario
36:44of Lino contained
36:45a sample of carbon-14
36:47that needed to be examined.
36:49Until I could get
36:51a sample of the real
36:53radiocarbon-dated fabric,
36:55a documented sample,
36:57I could not prove anything.
36:59In the process of dating
37:01with carbon-14,
37:03the sample had been destroyed
37:05but all the laboratories
37:07involved in the 1988 tests
37:09had reserved parts
37:11of their samples
37:12The authentic sample
37:14for its radiocarbon-dating
37:16that I received,
37:18the yarn segments,
37:20was cut from the middle
37:22of the sample used
37:24for radiocarbon-dating
37:26so there was no doubt.
37:28And when I observed
37:30those samples from the radiocarbon-dating area
37:32there was no problem
37:34to find cotton in them.
37:36Rogers was already convinced
37:38that Benford and Marino
37:40were right.
37:42He knew what had happened to them.
37:47By his 1978 tests
37:49he knew that the Santan sheet
37:51did not contain ink
37:53or artificial pigments.
37:55And yet,
37:57when he observed the fibers
37:59that had survived
38:01the carbon-14 dating,
38:03that's exactly what he found.
38:05There are photomicrographs
38:07that clearly demonstrate it.
38:09The cotton fibers
38:10used for radiocarbon-dating
38:12are covered in rubber,
38:14the dye mordant.
38:17And some of the fibers
38:19do not show any of that at all.
38:21They have a soft look
38:23and nothing had stuck to them.
38:27He thought that the dye
38:29had been used to make
38:31the cotton repair
38:33invisible to the naked eye.
38:35If you happen to come across
38:37a place where the original
38:38was joined to the new,
38:40reworked part,
38:42in the splice you can see
38:44without a doubt
38:46the new thread
38:48that was inserted and dyed
38:50so that it would not be noticeable.
38:52The only area of the sweat
38:54that was dyed
38:56was the area that was
38:58dated with radiocarbon.
39:00So my hypothesis
39:02at the moment
39:04is that it was done on purpose
39:06to deceive the naked eye.
39:08It was dyed with cotton
39:10exactly in the area
39:12where the samples
39:14for carbon-14 dating
39:16had been extracted.
39:18And when we went back
39:20to examine the photos
39:22with ultraviolet light,
39:24here is this area
39:26that is considerably
39:28darker.
39:30It doesn't fluoresce
39:32so much.
39:34And this is the area
39:36that surrounds the Rays
39:38and the Rays
39:40would have known
39:42that it was the worst
39:44possible place
39:46to take a sample.
39:48My conclusion is
39:50that that area
39:52was manipulated.
39:54It was done by somebody
39:56with great skill
39:58and who used to make
40:00the shroud.
40:02Here's the whole question.
40:04The linen is very difficult
40:06to dye and it ages
40:08and it doesn't coincide
40:10with the original color.
40:12You have to use cotton
40:14and dye it.
40:16In 2005, just five weeks
40:18before losing his battle
40:20against cancer,
40:22Roger was about to publish
40:24his last academic work.
40:26He had no doubts
40:28about the carbon-14 dating,
40:30but about the selection
40:32of a contaminated sample
40:34from the damaged corner
40:36of the shroud.
40:39But an unfortunate decision
40:41by the Church
40:43was about to put in danger
40:45the last hopes
40:47of King Roger
40:49to make a new carbon-14
40:51dating.
40:53In 2005,
40:55most scientists
40:57considered that the mystery
40:59of Turin's Holy Shroud
41:01was solved.
41:03It was a falsification
41:05dated between 1260 and 1390.
41:07But the scientist King Roger
41:09had found new evidence
41:11that the carbon-14 dating
41:13was contaminated.
41:23I'm coming to the conclusion
41:25that it has a very good chance
41:27of being the fabric
41:29that was used
41:31to bury the historical Jesus.
41:34He writes an article
41:36that is accepted
41:38for its publication
41:40in Termoquímica Acta
41:42in January 2005.
41:44And that work
41:46is the only scientific document
41:48that, until that moment,
41:50doubts the carbon-14 dating
41:52with credible arguments.
41:54Roger knew that his discoveries
41:56needed to be confirmed
41:58with more sophisticated equipment,
42:00so he contacted a colleague
42:02who was still working
42:03on the issue.
42:05It was a race for him
42:07because he knew he was going to die.
42:09He wanted to know
42:11if this corner of the Holy Shroud
42:13had the same composition,
42:15whether it was
42:17flax or linen
42:19or cotton.
42:21If it was cotton,
42:23it was not the same
42:25as the rest of the cloth,
42:27which is linen.
42:29Roger would not survive
42:31to know the answer.
42:33He died of cancer
42:35on March 8, 2005.
42:37He was 78 years old.
42:46After the death of King,
42:48Bob Villarreal was determined
42:50to fulfill his promise.
42:52He gave the fibers
42:54to a specialist
42:56and something amazing happened.
42:59I received a call from him
43:01and he told me
43:03that he was going to analyze
43:05me in two parts.
43:07Will God be angry with me?
43:10As Roger suspected,
43:12the threads seemed to be
43:14two pieces of cotton
43:16and linen interwoven.
43:18In 2008,
43:20the findings were announced
43:22to the world.
43:24They supported the theory
43:26that the sample used
43:28for carbon-14 dating
43:30had been poorly chosen,
43:31as Roger indicated
43:33in his last interview.
43:35They come in and cut,
43:37cut, cut in secret
43:39and take the worst possible sample.
43:41The people who certified the sample
43:43keep trying to convince
43:45everyone
43:47that the others are wrong
43:49and that they are right,
43:51that they were perfectly valid samples.
43:53Before dying,
43:55Roger will be a firm defender
43:57of a new test with carbon-14.
44:02Although the old problem
44:04of access could be solved,
44:06now there was a much bigger problem.
44:08The methods used
44:10to preserve the delicate sodium.
44:13In 2002, microscopic insects
44:15were discovered in the showcase
44:17in which it is shown,
44:19so that the ecclesiastical authorities
44:21treated the container.
44:23Ray Rogers talked about
44:25the fact that the box
44:27where the sodium,
44:29the reliquary,
44:31the chemical that kills everything,
44:33insects, bacteria,
44:35whatever.
44:37This treatment with thymol
44:39could influence future dating
44:41of the canvas with carbon-14.
44:43By using a chemical
44:45of plant origin called thymol
44:47to clean the container,
44:49they had damaged the sodium
44:51without realizing it.
44:53It was contaminated
44:55with modern carbon atoms,
44:57which practically made
44:59its dating impossible.
45:02The Holy Shroud was damaged
45:04by fire in 1532,
45:06which left 16 burn marks
45:08from which samples could be extracted.
45:10Since it was pure carbon,
45:12it could be cleaned
45:14of modern impurities.
45:16You have carbon
45:18that has been charred
45:20since 1532,
45:22and charred cloth
45:24is very insensitive
45:26to any kind of attack,
45:28so it is a very good sample
45:29for its dating.
45:31Today there is the precise technology
45:33to repeat the test of the sodium,
45:35and the samples have already been taken
45:37from the canvas.
45:39In 2002, they removed
45:41the back lining,
45:43they removed all these patches.
45:45Do you see this part
45:47charred here?
45:49They cut the burned area
45:51around these burn holes
45:53and saved the pieces.
45:55It is raw material for carbon-14,
45:57that could be dated.
45:59The Church will finally be able
46:01to solve the mystery
46:03of the Holy Shroud of Turin.
46:05First of all,
46:07the Church must agree
46:09to deliver the samples
46:11for a second date for carbon-14.
46:13Only then will it be possible
46:15to say if the sodium
46:17is a very elaborate falsification
46:19or the amortization
46:21of Jesus of Nazareth.
46:23At the moment,
46:25it seems clear
46:27that the scientific debate
46:29is still ongoing.
46:31If it is not old enough
46:33to be the Sodario of Jesus,
46:35then I will have the feeling
46:37that I have been a witness
46:39to a miracle,
46:41because it will mean
46:43that a medieval guy
46:45created something
46:47that we cannot duplicate
46:49or fully explain,
46:51and I would like to know
46:53how it was done.
46:59© BF-WATCH TV 2021
Recommended
1:25:12
1:40:50