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BIBLE HISTORY
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00:00:00In heaven, the King, comfort of the Spirit, and spirit of the Holy Spirit, we are present
00:00:03for us all against treasure, blessings, and give our blood.
00:00:06Come and abide us and cleanse us from our great purity, and save our souls of good.
00:00:20Okay, so the book of Enoch, this is a really
00:00:29fascinating document. And there are elements, I think, that are very, very ancient and elements
00:00:42that are much newer. It was written as a Jewish document, but after really the second millennium,
00:00:51after the first millennium, well, after the first century, it pretty much became a Christian
00:00:57document. The earliest manuscripts that we have of it are from the Qumran caves, where there were 20
00:01:09copies in their library, which makes it one of the most popular of the documents from the
00:01:19ancient Qumran library. Now, the speculation from my favorite scholar, Margaret Barker,
00:01:35is that the Book of Enoch represents the priestly tradition of the First Temple.
00:01:42It's very important to understand the history. And by the way, none of this is speculation. This is
00:01:54just straight history that you can see in the Old Testament itself. Around the year 600, Josiah
00:02:04instituted a radical reform of the Temple and of the religion of the Hebrews.
00:02:18And so the person, the concept of wisdom was rejected.
00:02:25The, all of the elements of the, that were in the temple that reflected the devotion to wisdom
00:02:38were removed. And so the Holy of Holies of the temple was basically stripped down to the bare walls
00:02:49and almost nothing. This is called the Deuteronomic reform because, and the people who were influencing
00:03:03the king and who had apparently seized control were called the Deuteronomists. And they're the main text
00:03:12that was, that inspired and informed this reform was the Book of Deuteronomy. Now, the Book of Deuteronomy
00:03:23is very different than the, than the first four books of the Torah. It represents an entirely different
00:03:29tradition that was being introduced into, into Israelite culture at the time.
00:03:37Um, it was a reform that was as radical as going from as something as Baroque as Russian Orthodoxy
00:03:49to Jehovah's Witness. It was a theological reform. It was a liturgical reform. It was a calendar reform.
00:03:59Um, and, uh, it, uh, it reformed many of the customs, um, of the, of the Hebrew people. Um, it was very, uh,
00:04:08the actual, uh, time of the reform was fairly short lived, uh, because it was cut off, um, uh, in, uh, I think, um, five,
00:04:22five 98 BC, um, with the, uh, invasion of, uh, I believe the Egyptians. And then in 586 BC, when the, uh,
00:04:36entire elite of, uh, Jerusalem, uh, of, of the, of the Hebrew people was carried off into exile, uh, in Babylon,
00:04:46some 30,000 people. But there was another group of people that were left in Palestine. Um, and those
00:04:59were the, the simple people that, um, uh, the fishermen and the, and the, um, you know, the,
00:05:08the farmers and the shepherds and, uh, and among them were Levites, um, who knew the services and who
00:05:17knew the content of the religion of the first temple. And so they, uh, they maintained, uh, this
00:05:28tradition, um, all the way up, uh, through the time of Jesus. However, the, the other group, uh, and of
00:05:37course, being the elite, uh, they had to be politically correct. Um, and so they had, they
00:05:44embraced, uh, this radical reform of their religion. Um, and, uh, there was a great disconnect
00:05:53between the, the, uh, Hebrew people who remained faithful to the old, to the first temple and to
00:06:04this group that formed in Babylon, which was called the Jews. The word, the word for the Jews
00:06:13only occurs, uh, referring to the people who had returned to Palestine from, uh, from Babylon.
00:06:23Um, they had a new culture, Babylonian culture. They had a new language, Aramaic. Uh, they had a new
00:06:31system of writing, which was Aramaic. Um, uh, of course they did not have, um, uh, any priestly
00:06:40elements, uh, in their religion because there was no temple, there were no sacrifices. Um, there
00:06:48were no priests, no high priest, there was no king, um, and there was no royal cult, all of
00:06:55which were integral to the, uh, to the Hebrew religion of, of the first temple. Um, and so
00:07:03it was, uh, uh, instead they developed, uh, uh, scriptures and rabbis. Uh, rabbis were, were
00:07:13not priests because priests offer sacrifice. Rabbis are simply, um, are scholars who would
00:07:21teach the people and who would argue, um, uh, about how to apply the law. This resulted
00:07:31in the development of, um, a particular kind of, of literature called the Talmud. Uh, and
00:07:40the Talmud was the opinions of the rabbis as to how to live, um, the law of Moses. Um, the
00:07:50Hebrew people who were, um, left in the land were basically excluded by the Jews, um, from
00:08:00participation, um, for at least for, uh, many years, uh, from any participation in the new
00:08:08temple that was built, um, uh, at the behest of and, um, with the money of Babylon. Um, uh,
00:08:20and actually of Persia because the, um, the Persians conquered the Babylonians, uh, which
00:08:28is what allowed the Jews, uh, to leave Babylon and go free. Most of the Jews did not leave
00:08:35Babylon. And to this day, there is a strong Jewish community, um, uh, in, uh, Iraq and
00:08:44Persia. Um, but, uh, those that did leave and go back to, uh, to Jerusalem, um, found themselves
00:08:55in a totally different culture. Of course, it was seven years later and they had no concept
00:09:03of what had happened, uh, in Jerusalem after the, uh, destruction of the city and of the temple,
00:09:12um, in 586. So, um, this forms part of the background. Um, there was a theological reform,
00:09:30um, the religion of, of the patriarchs, the religion of the first temple, um, was very much,
00:09:38um, um, uh, focused on, um, God is, um, God is not as a, a solitary unity, which is what
00:09:50we've come to think of Judaism as, but rather it was a Hinnatic idea, uh, where, uh, God was
00:09:58multi-personal, um, um, and those persons were, um, God Almighty, um, uh, his son Yahweh, um, and
00:10:09the Holy Spirit also called, uh, wisdom. Um, and there had been elements within the temple,
00:10:18um, that were, that reflected, uh, or that were connected with each of these persons of the
00:10:26Godhead, um, um, and many of them actually, um, uh, were reflected in the, the furnishings
00:10:34of the temple, um, such as the menorah, the Ark of the Covenant, the oil of chrism, and all,
00:10:43all, all these various things. Um, so once, um, once the Jews were back in control, um, uh,
00:11:01in Jerusalem, and they rebuilt, uh, they built a new, a second temple, um, the second temple
00:11:07was very different from the first temple. And so not only, um, were, uh, non-Jews, that
00:11:15is, Hebrews who were, uh, not part of that group of returnees from exile, um, were forbidden
00:11:23to attend. Um, uh, so it was a very kind of elitist group. Um,
00:11:34so you have this, you know, this rabbinic tradition developing of interpretation of scriptures. You
00:11:47have the development of synagogues, which were basically places where the scripture was read.
00:11:52Um, and then you had, um, the faithful people who, uh, rejected this, uh, the second temple
00:12:02and rejected its, uh, uh, uh, uh, its priesthood, um, because they were unable to, to consecrate
00:12:11priests. Um, uh, the chrism had disappeared, um, actually before the exile in, um, uh, to Babylon,
00:12:22um, as did many other elements of the, of the cult of the, of the, of the first temple. Um,
00:12:29and so the priests were regarded as illegitimate and they were regarded as profoundly corrupt.
00:12:35Um, and you can see this also in Jesus's own condemnation, um, of, of the Jews, that is the
00:12:44Sadducees and the Pharisees, um, and, and the priesthood of the second temple. Now there's another
00:12:52element that's quite interesting. Um, and, uh, uh, the Sadducees, um, remember there were two major
00:13:01sects of Jews. One was the Sadducees. The other was the Pharisees. The Pharisees were basically,
00:13:08um, almost like working men's cooperatives, um, that would go to the same, uh, synagogue,
00:13:15but it was, it was, it was basically a very kind of, um, uh, uh, religion for, um, um, for,
00:13:26for the working people. Um, the Sadducees, um, were very much a, uh, a part of the, of the elite,
00:13:37of the, uh, the high priest and the people around the high priest. And they had very different beliefs.
00:13:45Um, the Sadducees, uh, rejected, um, the concept of angels, of souls, of the afterlife, of judgment,
00:13:57um, and, uh, any, and, and, um, and so, uh, their, their whole thing was about living according
00:14:09to the law in this life. And they had a halakha, which is the, um, uh, version of their understanding
00:14:22of how the law should be observed. Um, the Pharisees, on the other hand, they believed in,
00:14:29they believed in angels. They believed in spirits. They believed in souls. They believed in, um,
00:14:35the judgment they believed in, the afterlife. Um, and of course, this was, um, under much,
00:14:43you know, very much underlying the, uh, uh, uh, their, their whole approach to, to their faith. Um,
00:14:54you know, because there was, uh, there was accountability for how they kept the law.
00:14:58There was accountability for, um, whether they were believers or not. Um, seems to me that,
00:15:07uh, uh, uh, the Sadducees, it must've been an incredibly, um, hypocritical kind of thing
00:15:17because they would spend their whole, whole day basically, um, um, bathed in, in the blood
00:15:24of animal sacrifices. And yet they didn't believe that it did anything. And you see this reflected
00:15:32in the book of Hebrews. So within that group of people who remained faithful to the, uh, to
00:15:47the first temple, uh, uh, and who were, uh, looked down on by the Jews, uh, they maintained their own
00:15:53traditions. They maintained and, uh, uh, uh, passed on, um, their faith and their understanding of,
00:16:03uh, of Judaism as it was, had been taught in the first temple.
00:16:12Nobody knows exactly when the book of Enoch was written.
00:16:15Um, um, now Enoch, uh, uh, uh, uh, one of the great patriarchs, uh, uh, was, uh, the seventh
00:16:26from Adam. And so this goes back to before the flood and, or parts of it, and then parts of
00:16:38deal with that whole issue of what happened, um, um, in those very, very early days that occasioned the
00:16:50flood. Um, but there's a lot more to it because the book of Enoch also talks about all the, the,
00:17:03the ranks of angels and the, and the, the, the 10 heavens and all of, and all of this, um, uh,
00:17:11metaphysics that was completely rejected by the Sadducees. Um, and so it became, um, a third,
00:17:22in a sense, a third, um, sect, uh, within Judaism, um, of, of which Enoch was representative. Um,
00:17:34my goal for this class is to, is simply to read through the book of Enoch, um, and to look and
00:17:43ask some, you know, some, uh, expository questions, which hopefully will bring out, um, some of,
00:17:51some of the underlying elements. One of the things that's very interesting in the book of Enoch,
00:17:58um, that you find a lot of modern scholars commenting on is that it doesn't mention the fall
00:18:07as coming from Adam and Eve. In other words, it's a completely different story about the origin of
00:18:16evil. Um, of course, that has massive implications for theology. Um, it, of course, it focuses on the,
00:18:29on the, the fallen angels. Um,
00:18:33um, now, as I mentioned before, um, the earliest, uh, manuscripts that we have of, of Enoch, um,
00:18:47are from the, uh, the Qumran library, the Dead Sea Scrolls, uh, which are the third,
00:18:52third or second century BC. Um,
00:18:57one of the things that we'll look at this, um, this evening is, uh, the story of, uh, where some
00:19:09of the likely origin of the book of Enoch, um, uh, immediately after the exile. Um,
00:19:19um, and then there's parts of it, um, which seem to have, um, uh, gone through Christian hands
00:19:30and been, uh, written actually, perhaps by Christians or perhaps it was just truly prophetic.
00:19:40Um, book of Enoch has different sections. Um,
00:19:48so you can see here that it has several books. Uh, the, the book one is the watchers. Book two is
00:20:01the parables. Book three is no book of Noah. Um, book four is the kingdom of heaven. Uh, book five is
00:20:09the epistle of Enoch. Um, these may or may not have the same author. There are also, uh, three different
00:20:19versions of what's called Enoch one. Um, uh, Enoch one is, uh, is the text that was, uh, regarded as
00:20:31canonical by the Ethiopian church and was, uh, brought, um, uh, and translated in the West and,
00:20:38um, um, uh, in 1870. So that's the first time it became available in the West. Um, and, uh, it was a,
00:20:50uh, uh, was really eyeopening. Um, the Western canon, um, uh, in other words, the Roman Catholic canon,
00:21:01uh, uh, uh, uh, of course, absolutely excludes Enoch. And, uh, they settled on, uh, thanks to, uh, uh,
00:21:12St. Jerome, uh, the Masoretic text of the scriptures as, as the basis of their, um, under their Old
00:21:23Testament. The Orthodox church, the Eastern church, um, uses the Septuagint, um, which is,
00:21:31which reflects a much earlier variant of the, um, understanding of the scriptures. Um, the Septuagint
00:21:40was written in Greek, uh, in the, um, uh, translated in the third century BC, around 273, um, and was
00:21:52used extensively by the, by the Greek speaking Jews, um, as their version of the scriptures. Of course,
00:22:00after Christianity, um, uh, arose, um, that was seen as politically incorrect. And so, so the Jews
00:22:10rejected, uh, the Septuagint, um, and did their own, a new translation, um, which changed all of the
00:22:18language that was being used by Christians. Um, one of the things that is, uh, was known by the fathers
00:22:28of the church, especially the early fathers who had to deal with this, um, when, was that, uh,
00:22:36the Jews were altering the text of the Old Testament, um, to reflect their own views
00:22:44and to exclude Christian views. Um, if you're a fundamentalist, this is not going to, uh, uh,
00:22:55you're not going to like this. Um, um, so, uh, Seraphim, you ask it, would this be considered
00:23:13an apocryphal text? Yes. Um, there's a, there's a very, uh, long history of what, of, uh, how the
00:23:25canon was formed. Um, and, you know, you have, uh, basically one major canon of the, of the text
00:23:36that was, uh, developed within the Roman Empire, Eastern and Western, um, which, where the difference
00:23:46between the Latins and the Greeks is the Greeks used the Septuagint, which was quoted by the
00:23:51apostles when they, when they wrote the New Testament. Uh, but the West used, um, uh, a Latin
00:23:59translation that eventually, uh, called, was called the Vulgate, which actually combines parts
00:24:05of, of, of the Septuagint with, with the basic Jewish text. Um, there were, uh, but before
00:24:17that basic Jewish text, um, was arrived at, their canon was arrived at around the year 135, um,
00:24:27in a AD, um, uh, in a council in Jamnia, um, where the Jews returned, which are the books
00:24:35they regarded as, uh, legitimate. Now that included, uh, before that decision, um, uh, what you
00:24:48have, you had this pretty much the same collection of books, um, as, uh, uh, as we're in, as are
00:24:59in the Septuagint. The Jews decided to, uh, uh, cast out, uh, those books, which were either
00:25:08not written in Hebrew, um, or, uh, uh, well, to some degree, extend, contain texts that they
00:25:16didn't like. So that, um, process continued, um, of editing the text by the Jews of the Old
00:25:29Testament for about another 700 years. So it's really only in the ninth century, eighth, ninth
00:25:37century, ninth century, that, um, really the, uh, the text, the canon of the Old Testament,
00:25:43uh, was finished and the content of the books. Now the Protestants took this as their, uh, as
00:25:52their Bible, uh, or for their Bible and excluded all of those other texts, uh, that the Jews
00:25:59had rejected. Now that's, that was the process within the Roman Empire. Um, in the, uh, in the
00:26:09Ethiopian church, uh, which was very isolated from the rest of the church because of Islam,
00:26:15um, uh, they included many other books, uh, which were still, uh, which they considered to be,
00:26:24um, worthy of being called scripture, one of which was the book of Enoch.
00:26:31Now all the fathers of the ancient church knew of the book of Enoch, but they considered it apocryphal.
00:26:36Um, the Ethiopian, uh, Bible doesn't have books that they call apocryphal. They just call it all
00:26:45scripture. Um, and so that what it does, it just reflects, um, a much more primitive idea or earlier
00:26:59idea of the books that should be in the, um, in the new, in the, um, Old Testament.
00:27:07Um, the New Testament is identical, I think pretty much. Um,
00:27:14so does this make sense?
00:27:19Everybody? Yeah.
00:27:21Anybody doesn't make sense?
00:27:23You mentioned Enoch one. How does that compare to this, uh, five books that you've showed us
00:27:34here? Okay. Enoch one consists of those five books. Okay. Um, it's the canonical text of the,
00:27:43of the Ethiopian church. Um, Enoch two, um, was discovered, um, and it's a,
00:27:52it's a quite a different text and it was only preserved in Slavonic. So they call it Slavonic
00:27:59Enoch.
00:28:02Enoch three is a different text altogether. Um, and it's, uh, it's a Jewish text, um, centering
00:28:11around the ascent of one of the rabbis to, um, uh, to the, to heavenly visions.
00:28:19Um, um, Enoch one is, is the primary version. Um,
00:28:27Um, so, um,
00:28:32I have a question. Yeah. So we can put a finer point on the pseudepigraphic versus, uh, apocryphal
00:28:40where the, where the early church fathers rejecting the book of Enoch, uh, based on its content,
00:28:49or were they rejecting it based off the fact that it was an unknown origin and, and, and, uh, not
00:28:56necessarily, uh, uh, uh, had a, a biblical, uh, history to it. What was the rejection about?
00:29:06Um, so far as I know, um, and, uh, we can, we can, I've got some, uh, uh, interesting,
00:29:14an interesting text on, on that, that we can, uh, that we can look at. Um, okay.
00:29:24Um, okay.
00:29:49Okay.
00:29:50Let's see.
00:29:51Okay.
00:29:52Okay.
00:29:53I see.
00:30:23you know what I'm going to I'm just going to give you this essay
00:30:35okay um
00:30:37oh well
00:30:45okay here we go
00:31:15this is a very scholarly essay and a bit of great uh but it's quite fascinating
00:31:40does everybody see it in the chat
00:31:44recording in progress
00:32:08huh how did that happen
00:32:17okay
00:32:25okay the early church look here the early church read first enoch as scripture clement and origin both knew and quoted from it enoch however has a very different estimate of the people who returned from baby
00:32:35who returned from babylon the ezra tradition um
00:32:44i'll get to that in a minute
00:32:54the true temple and the true scriptures uh they were a generation of impure apostates who had forsaken wisdom and lost their vision first enoch 89 and 93
00:33:03lying words had been written perverting the eternal covenant uh sinners had altered the truth as they made copies they had made great fabrications and written books in their own name
00:33:14um
00:33:15if ezra's heirs defined the canon and excluded books which the christians continued to read and to preserve the adoption of the adoption of this canon and text for the christian old testament since the time of jerome must have distorted the tradition and created a considerable impediment to the understanding of christian origins
00:33:35um
00:33:42okay
00:33:44i think you'll find this quite interesting
00:33:50um
00:33:50so the ezra tradition what they're referring to
00:33:57um and this is
00:33:59uh this is from the book
00:34:02uh second ezra's chapter 14
00:34:05um
00:34:06uh
00:34:08uh
00:34:09verse 19
00:34:19that i ezra answered and said let me speak in thy presence lord for behold i will go as thou has commanded me
00:34:28and i will reprove the people who are now living but who will warn those who born hereafter
00:34:33for the world lies in darkness and its inhabitants are without light
00:34:37for thy law has been burned
00:34:39and so no one knows the things which have been done
00:34:42or or which have been done or will be done by thee
00:34:45if then i have found favor before thee
00:34:47send the holy spirit into me
00:34:49and i will write everything that has happened in the world
00:34:52from the beginning the things which are written in thy law
00:34:55that men may be able to find the path
00:34:57that those who wish to live in the last days may live
00:35:00he answered me and said
00:35:02this is god speaking
00:35:05go and gather the people and tell them not to seek you for forty days
00:35:08but prepare for yourself many writing tablets
00:35:11and take with you saraya
00:35:14dabria
00:35:14salemia
00:35:15ethnos
00:35:16and asiel
00:35:17these five because they are trained to write rapidly
00:35:20and you shall come here and i will light
00:35:22uh
00:35:23in your heart the lamp of understanding
00:35:25which shall not be put out until what you are about to write
00:35:28is finished
00:35:29and when you have finished
00:35:31some things you shall make public
00:35:33and some you shall deliver in secret to the wise
00:35:35tomorrow at this hour you shall begin
00:35:37then i went as he commanded
00:35:43and i gathered all the people together
00:35:45and said hear these words of israel
00:35:48at first our fathers dwelt as aliens in egypt
00:35:50and they were delivered from there
00:35:52and received the law of life
00:35:54which they did not keep
00:35:55which you also have transgressed after them
00:35:57the land was given to you for possession in the land of zion
00:36:00but you and your fathers committed iniquity
00:36:03and did not keep the ways of the most high
00:36:05commanded you
00:36:06and because he is a righteous judge in due time
00:36:09he took from you what he had given
00:36:10now you are here
00:36:12and your brethren are further in the interior
00:36:14if you then will rule over your minds
00:36:16and discipline your hearts
00:36:17you shall be kept alive
00:36:19and after your death
00:36:20you shall obtain mercy
00:36:22for after death the judgment will come
00:36:25when we shall live again
00:36:27and then the names of the righteous
00:36:28will become manifest
00:36:30and the deeds of the ungodly will be disclosed
00:36:32but let no one come to me now
00:36:34and let no one seek me for forty days
00:36:36so I took the five men as he commanded
00:36:40and we proceeded to the field
00:36:41and remained there
00:36:42and on the next day
00:36:43behold a voice called me saying
00:36:45Ezra open your mouth
00:36:46and drink what I give you to drink
00:36:49then I opened my mouth
00:36:50and behold a cup
00:36:51a full cup was offered to me
00:36:53it was full of something like water
00:36:55but its color was like fire
00:36:56and I took it and drank
00:36:58and when I had drunk it
00:36:59my heart poured forth understanding
00:37:01and wisdom increased in my breast
00:37:03for my spirit retained its memory
00:37:05and my mouth was opened
00:37:07and was no longer closed
00:37:08and the Most High gave understanding
00:37:11to the five men
00:37:11and by turns they wrote
00:37:13what was dictated
00:37:15in characters which they did not know
00:37:17they sat forty days
00:37:19and wrote during the daytime
00:37:20and ate their bread at night
00:37:22as for me I spoke in the daytime
00:37:23and was not silent at night
00:37:25so during the forty days
00:37:27ninety-four books were written
00:37:29and when the forty days were ended
00:37:31the Most High spoke to me saying
00:37:32make public the twenty-four books
00:37:34that you wrote first
00:37:36and let the worthy
00:37:37and the unworthy read them
00:37:39but keep the seventy
00:37:40that were written last
00:37:41in order to give them
00:37:43to the wise among your people
00:37:44for in them is the spring
00:37:45of understanding
00:37:46the fountain of wisdom
00:37:47and the river of knowledge
00:37:49and I did so
00:37:50so
00:37:51this is what the tradition of Ezra is
00:37:55it's
00:37:58it's these
00:37:59it's this rewriting
00:38:02the reconstituting
00:38:04oh you probably didn't see that
00:38:07okay
00:38:12okay
00:38:23that's what I just read
00:38:26um
00:38:28and so
00:38:35what
00:38:37as
00:38:38and this was
00:38:39this is set
00:38:40at the time
00:38:40um
00:38:41of Ezra
00:38:42the first Ezra
00:38:43who was
00:38:44uh
00:38:45responsible for
00:38:46rebuilding the temple
00:38:48for building the second temple
00:38:49however
00:38:50this
00:38:51uh
00:38:52this text
00:38:53is believed by scholars
00:38:55to have been written
00:38:56um
00:38:58after
00:38:59about
00:39:01the year 130
00:39:02and
00:39:04uh
00:39:04the
00:39:05and
00:39:05uh
00:39:06and
00:39:07that what is being
00:39:08um
00:39:10presented
00:39:11is
00:39:13uh
00:39:14is not the
00:39:15uh
00:39:16restoration of the scriptures
00:39:17of the first
00:39:19um
00:39:19after the exile
00:39:21but
00:39:22after the destruction
00:39:23of the temple
00:39:24by the Romans
00:39:24in other words
00:39:27it would have been
00:39:28um
00:39:30you know
00:39:31all the scriptures
00:39:31obviously were burned
00:39:32when the Romans
00:39:34burned
00:39:35uh
00:39:36the temple
00:39:36and
00:39:37and took it apart
00:39:38stone by stone
00:39:39um
00:39:40but
00:39:41this
00:39:42would also
00:39:43reflect
00:39:43that process
00:39:44of reconstituting
00:39:46the scriptures
00:39:46by the Jews
00:39:47after
00:39:48uh
00:39:50after the
00:39:50uh
00:39:51after they had
00:39:53fled
00:39:53from
00:39:54um
00:39:55from the looted
00:39:56and
00:39:56and destroyed
00:39:57uh
00:39:58Jerusalem
00:39:58um
00:40:00of course
00:40:02what it would
00:40:03and
00:40:04what it
00:40:05um
00:40:06what is
00:40:07what constitutes
00:40:09this tradition
00:40:10of Ezra
00:40:10is
00:40:11um
00:40:12is these
00:40:13books
00:40:13that were
00:40:14um
00:40:15uh
00:40:16reconstituted
00:40:18by him
00:40:19which then
00:40:20became
00:40:20the root
00:40:21and the
00:40:21foundation
00:40:22of the
00:40:22Hebrew
00:40:22scriptures
00:40:23um
00:40:27or at least
00:40:28and of that
00:40:29tradition
00:40:29so
00:40:32this makes
00:40:34sense
00:40:34okay
00:40:37what was
00:40:38that
00:40:38i have
00:40:38a question
00:40:39okay
00:40:40um
00:40:41the passage
00:40:41is from
00:40:42second
00:40:43esdras
00:40:44which is
00:40:45not part
00:40:46of the
00:40:46um
00:40:47uh
00:40:47protestant
00:40:48canon
00:40:48it's not
00:40:49part of
00:40:49the
00:40:49of the
00:40:50catholic
00:40:50canon
00:40:51or
00:40:51uh
00:40:52but is
00:40:54part of
00:40:55the orthodox
00:40:55canon
00:40:56second
00:40:57esdras
00:40:58e-s-d-r-a-s
00:41:00so that's
00:41:01different than
00:41:02to ezra
00:41:03right
00:41:04ezra
00:41:05right
00:41:05okay
00:41:06and
00:41:07so is
00:41:08ezra
00:41:08and
00:41:09esdras
00:41:10like
00:41:10like
00:41:11the way
00:41:11the spelling
00:41:11of it
00:41:12like
00:41:12is it
00:41:13is that
00:41:14a different
00:41:14person
00:41:15esdras
00:41:16well
00:41:16um
00:41:17most likely
00:41:19it is
00:41:19most likely
00:41:20second
00:41:21the
00:41:22second
00:41:22um
00:41:23uh
00:41:24second
00:41:25esdras
00:41:26which is
00:41:26sometimes
00:41:27called
00:41:27fourth
00:41:28ezra
00:41:28um
00:41:29uh
00:41:30was probably
00:41:31written
00:41:32after the
00:41:33destruction
00:41:33of the
00:41:34temple
00:41:34i don't
00:41:37have it
00:41:37in i don't
00:41:37have it
00:41:38in my
00:41:38bible
00:41:38it's not
00:41:40first
00:41:40ezra
00:41:41to ezra
00:41:42nehemiah
00:41:42tobit
00:41:43judith
00:41:43ester
00:41:44right
00:41:45um
00:41:45uh
00:41:47when they
00:41:47put together
00:41:48the orthodox
00:41:49study bible
00:41:50they didn't
00:41:50know that
00:41:51um
00:41:51the orthodox
00:41:52had a
00:41:52broader
00:41:53canon than
00:41:53the catholics
00:41:54so
00:41:58yeah
00:42:03that's not
00:42:03well known
00:42:04so
00:42:06orthodox
00:42:07study bible
00:42:07is good
00:42:08but it's
00:42:08not quite
00:42:09it's not
00:42:11quite what
00:42:11it should
00:42:12be
00:42:12so there
00:42:19were two
00:42:19traditions
00:42:19there was
00:42:23the ezra
00:42:24tradition
00:42:24which
00:42:26ended up
00:42:26becoming
00:42:27the main
00:42:27line
00:42:28for judaism
00:42:30and in
00:42:32turn for
00:42:33protestantism
00:42:33opposed
00:42:36to
00:42:36the
00:42:38uh
00:42:39the
00:42:39uh
00:42:40uh
00:42:41the
00:42:41tradition
00:42:41of
00:42:41enoch
00:42:42um
00:42:44uh
00:42:45which
00:42:45was
00:42:46the
00:42:47um
00:42:48let's
00:42:51see
00:42:51oops
00:42:51um
00:42:53which
00:42:55uh
00:42:56which
00:42:57came
00:42:57which
00:42:58basically
00:42:58is the
00:42:59priestly
00:43:00teachings
00:43:00from the
00:43:01first temple
00:43:02as they
00:43:03had been
00:43:03conveyed
00:43:04um
00:43:05uh
00:43:06over the
00:43:07course of
00:43:08uh
00:43:09um
00:43:09of
00:43:11centuries
00:43:11wait a
00:43:13second
00:43:13now i've
00:43:14lost
00:43:14some
00:43:14okay
00:43:19all right
00:43:28so before
00:43:33digging in
00:43:34um
00:43:36i think it
00:43:37would be
00:43:38well
00:43:38worthwhile
00:43:39uh
00:43:40to read
00:43:41this
00:43:41introduction
00:43:42um
00:43:46would
00:43:46somebody
00:43:46like
00:43:46to
00:43:47read
00:43:47i'll
00:43:56read
00:43:56okay
00:43:58okay
00:43:58the book
00:44:00of enoch
00:44:00also known
00:44:01as one
00:44:02enoch
00:44:02was once
00:44:03cherished by
00:44:04jews and
00:44:05christians
00:44:05alike
00:44:06this book
00:44:07later fell
00:44:07into disfavor
00:44:08with powerful
00:44:09theologians
00:44:10precisely
00:44:11because of
00:44:12its
00:44:12controversial
00:44:12statements
00:44:13on the
00:44:14nature
00:44:14and deeds
00:44:15of the
00:44:16fallen
00:44:16angels
00:44:16enochian
00:44:19writings
00:44:20in addition
00:44:20to many
00:44:21other
00:44:21writings
00:44:22that were
00:44:22excluded
00:44:23or lost
00:44:24from the
00:44:25bible
00:44:25i.e.
00:44:26the book
00:44:26of
00:44:27tobit
00:44:27esdras
00:44:28etc
00:44:29were widely
00:44:30recognized
00:44:31by many
00:44:31of the early
00:44:32church fathers
00:44:33as apocryphal
00:44:34writings
00:44:34the term
00:44:35apocrypha
00:44:36is derived
00:44:37from the
00:44:38greek word
00:44:38meaning
00:44:38hidden
00:44:39or secret
00:44:40originally
00:44:41the import
00:44:42of the term
00:44:43may have
00:44:43been
00:44:44complimentary
00:44:44in that
00:44:45the term
00:44:46was applied
00:44:47to sacred
00:44:48books
00:44:48whose contents
00:44:49were not
00:44:50too exalted
00:44:51to be made
00:44:52available
00:44:52to the
00:44:53general public
00:44:54okay
00:44:55one second
00:44:56and this
00:44:58is what
00:44:59it's referring
00:44:59to
00:45:00is that
00:45:01the book
00:45:02of enoch
00:45:02was probably
00:45:03among those
00:45:0370 books
00:45:04that were
00:45:07reserved for
00:45:07the wise
00:45:08and not
00:45:10permitted to
00:45:11be
00:45:11generally
00:45:12read
00:45:13or
00:45:14distributed
00:45:14in daniel
00:45:1912
00:45:209 to
00:45:2110
00:45:21we hear
00:45:22of words
00:45:23that are
00:45:23shut up
00:45:24until the
00:45:24end of
00:45:25time
00:45:25and
00:45:26words
00:45:27that the
00:45:27wise
00:45:27shall
00:45:28understand
00:45:29and the
00:45:29wicked
00:45:29shall
00:45:30not
00:45:30in addition
00:45:31for
00:45:32ezra
00:45:3214
00:45:3344
00:45:35i'm not
00:45:36sure what
00:45:36that refers
00:45:37to
00:45:37following
00:45:38mentions
00:45:4094 books
00:45:41of which
00:45:4224
00:45:43the old
00:45:44testament
00:45:44were to
00:45:45be published
00:45:46and 70
00:45:47were to be
00:45:47delivered only
00:45:48to the wise
00:45:49among the
00:45:49people
00:45:50gradually
00:45:51the term
00:45:52apocrypha
00:45:52took on
00:45:53a pejorative
00:45:54connotation
00:45:55for the
00:45:56orthodoxy
00:45:57of these
00:45:57hidden
00:45:58books
00:45:59was often
00:46:01questionable
00:46:01origin
00:46:03i'm not
00:46:05sure what
00:46:06come
00:46:06and
00:46:07commemorated
00:46:08in that
00:46:09matthew
00:46:0910 18
00:46:10page 13
00:46:111881
00:46:13distinguished
00:46:16between
00:46:16books that
00:46:17were to be
00:46:17read in
00:46:18public
00:46:18worship
00:46:18and apocryphal
00:46:20books
00:46:20because these
00:46:21secret books
00:46:22were often
00:46:23preserved
00:46:23for use
00:46:24within the
00:46:25esoteric
00:46:25circles of
00:46:26the divinely
00:46:27knit
00:46:28believers
00:46:28many of
00:46:29the
00:46:29critically
00:46:30spirited
00:46:31or
00:46:32unenlightened
00:46:32church fathers
00:46:33found themselves
00:46:35outside the
00:46:36realm of
00:46:36understanding
00:46:37and therefore
00:46:38came to
00:46:38apply the
00:46:39term
00:46:39apocryphal
00:46:40to what
00:46:41they claimed
00:46:42to be
00:46:42heretical
00:46:43works
00:46:43which were
00:46:44forbidden
00:46:45to be
00:46:45read
00:46:45in
00:46:47protestant
00:46:48parlance
00:46:49the
00:46:49apocrypha
00:46:50designate
00:46:5115
00:46:52works
00:46:52all but
00:46:53one of
00:46:53which
00:46:54are
00:46:54jewish
00:46:55in origin
00:46:55and found
00:46:56in the
00:46:57septuagint
00:46:57parts of
00:46:58two esdra
00:46:59are christian
00:47:00and latin
00:47:01and origin
00:47:02although some
00:47:03of them were
00:47:03composed in
00:47:04palestine
00:47:05and aramaic
00:47:06or hebrew
00:47:06they were not
00:47:08accepted into
00:47:09the jewish canon
00:47:09formed late
00:47:10in the second
00:47:11century a.d
00:47:12canonicity
00:47:1367
00:47:1431 to
00:47:1535
00:47:16the reformers
00:47:18influenced
00:47:19by the jewish
00:47:20canon of the
00:47:21old testament
00:47:22did not
00:47:23consider these
00:47:23books on a
00:47:24par with the
00:47:25rest of the
00:47:25scriptures
00:47:26thus the
00:47:27custom arose
00:47:28of making
00:47:28the apocrypha
00:47:29a separate
00:47:30section in
00:47:31the protestant
00:47:32bible
00:47:32or sometimes
00:47:33even of
00:47:34omitting them
00:47:35entirely
00:47:36canonicity
00:47:3767
00:47:3844 to
00:47:3946
00:47:40the catholic
00:47:42view
00:47:42expressed as
00:47:43a doctrine
00:47:44of faith
00:47:44at the
00:47:44council of
00:47:45trent
00:47:45is that
00:47:4612 of
00:47:47these 15
00:47:48works
00:47:48in a
00:47:49different
00:47:49enumeration
00:47:50however
00:47:50are canonical
00:47:51scripture
00:47:52they are
00:47:53called the
00:47:54deuterocanonical
00:47:56books
00:47:57canonicity
00:47:5867
00:47:5921
00:48:00and 42
00:48:02dash 43
00:48:03the three
00:48:05books of the
00:48:06protestant
00:48:07apocrypha
00:48:07that are not
00:48:08accepted by
00:48:09catholics
00:48:09are one
00:48:10and two
00:48:11esdras
00:48:12and the
00:48:12prayer of
00:48:13the manasseh
00:48:14the name
00:48:16of the
00:48:16theme of
00:48:17the book
00:48:18of enoch
00:48:18dealing with
00:48:19the nature
00:48:20and deeds
00:48:20of the
00:48:21fallen
00:48:21angels
00:48:21so infuriated
00:48:23the later
00:48:24church fathers
00:48:24that one
00:48:25philostrius
00:48:27actually
00:48:28condemned it
00:48:29openly
00:48:30as heresy
00:48:31philostrius
00:48:33and this is a
00:48:33commemoration
00:48:34of where
00:48:35li
00:48:36liber
00:48:37de
00:48:37heresibos
00:48:39number 108
00:48:40i'm not
00:48:41sure of that
00:48:41pronunciation
00:48:42but you
00:48:43you don't
00:48:43have to
00:48:44read the
00:48:44the citations
00:48:45very
00:48:46skip those
00:48:47very good
00:48:48thank you
00:48:49nor did
00:48:50the rabbis
00:48:51deign to
00:48:51give
00:48:51credence
00:48:53to the
00:48:53books
00:48:54teach
00:48:54the book
00:48:55to the
00:48:56books
00:48:56teaching
00:48:56about
00:48:57angels
00:48:57rabbi
00:48:58simeon
00:48:59ben
00:49:00jokal
00:49:01in the
00:49:02second
00:49:02century
00:49:03ad
00:49:03pronounced
00:49:04a curse
00:49:05upon those
00:49:06who believed
00:49:06it
00:49:07delete
00:49:09this is a
00:49:10commemoration
00:49:11of the book
00:49:11page 223
00:49:13so the
00:49:15book was
00:49:15denounced
00:49:16banned
00:49:17cursed
00:49:18no doubt
00:49:19burned
00:49:19and shredded
00:49:20and last
00:49:21but not
00:49:22least
00:49:22lost
00:49:23and conveniently
00:49:24forgotten
00:49:25for a thousand
00:49:26years
00:49:27but with an
00:49:28uncanny
00:49:28persistence
00:49:29the book
00:49:30of enoch
00:49:30found its
00:49:31way back
00:49:32into circulation
00:49:33two centuries
00:49:34ago
00:49:35in 1773
00:49:37rumors of a
00:49:39surviving copy
00:49:40of the book
00:49:41drew scottish
00:49:42explorer james
00:49:43bruce to
00:49:44distant
00:49:45ethiopia
00:49:46true to
00:49:47hearsay the
00:49:47book of
00:49:48enoch had
00:49:49been preserved
00:49:49by the
00:49:50ethiopic
00:49:50church which
00:49:51put it right
00:49:52alongside the
00:49:53other books
00:49:54of the bible
00:49:54bruce secured
00:49:56not one
00:49:57but three
00:49:58ethiopic
00:49:58copies of
00:49:59the book
00:50:00and brought
00:50:00them back
00:50:01to europe
00:50:01and britain
00:50:02when in
00:50:031821
00:50:04dr richard
00:50:06lawrence
00:50:06a hebrew
00:50:07professor
00:50:07at oxford
00:50:08produced the
00:50:09first english
00:50:10translation
00:50:10of the
00:50:11work
00:50:11the modern
00:50:12world
00:50:13gained its
00:50:13first glimpse
00:50:14of the
00:50:15forbidden
00:50:15mysteries
00:50:15of enoch
00:50:16most scholars
00:50:18say that the
00:50:19present form
00:50:20of the story
00:50:20in the book
00:50:21of enoch
00:50:21was penned
00:50:22sometime
00:50:23during the
00:50:24second century
00:50:24bc
00:50:25and was
00:50:26popular for
00:50:27at least
00:50:27500 years
00:50:28the earliest
00:50:29ethiopic
00:50:30text was
00:50:31apparently made
00:50:32from a greek
00:50:32manuscript of
00:50:34the book of
00:50:34enoch which
00:50:35itself was a
00:50:36copy of an
00:50:37earlier text
00:50:38the original
00:50:39was apparently
00:50:40written in
00:50:40semitic language
00:50:41now thought to
00:50:43be aramaic
00:50:44though it was
00:50:46once believed
00:50:47to be post
00:50:48christian the
00:50:49similarities to
00:50:49christian
00:50:50terminology and
00:50:51teaching are
00:50:51striking recent
00:50:53discoveries of
00:50:54copies of the
00:50:55book among the
00:50:55dead sea scrolls
00:50:57found at
00:50:57qumran prove
00:50:59that the book
00:50:59was in existence
00:51:00before the time
00:51:01of jesus christ
00:51:02but the date of
00:51:04the original
00:51:04writing upon
00:51:05which the
00:51:05second century
00:51:06bc
00:51:07qumran copies
00:51:08were based
00:51:08is shrouded
00:51:10in obscurity
00:51:11it is it is
00:51:13in a word
00:51:14old it has
00:51:15been largely
00:51:16the opinion
00:51:17of historians
00:51:17that the book
00:51:18does not really
00:51:19contain the
00:51:20authentic words
00:51:21of the ancient
00:51:21biblical patriarch
00:51:23enough since
00:51:24he would have
00:51:25lived based on
00:51:26the chronologies
00:51:26in the book
00:51:27of genesis
00:51:28several thousand
00:51:29years earlier
00:51:30than the first
00:51:31known appearance
00:51:32of the book
00:51:33attributed to
00:51:34him although
00:51:35in the book
00:51:35he commands
00:51:36his son
00:51:37methuselah to
00:51:38preserve the
00:51:39book unto
00:51:40future generations
00:51:41which in
00:51:42itself is a
00:51:43call to copy
00:51:44the books he
00:51:45wrote so they
00:51:45might not be
00:51:46lost to the
00:51:47ages despite
00:51:49its unknown
00:51:50origins christians
00:51:51once accepted
00:51:52the words of
00:51:53this book of
00:51:54enoch as
00:51:54authentic
00:51:55scripture
00:51:56especially the
00:51:57part about the
00:51:58fallen angels
00:51:58and their
00:51:59prophesied judgment
00:52:01in fact many
00:52:02of the key
00:52:03concepts used
00:52:04by jesus christ
00:52:05himself seem
00:52:06directly connected
00:52:07to terms and
00:52:09ideas in the
00:52:10book of enoch
00:52:10thus it is hard
00:52:12to avoid the
00:52:13conclusion that
00:52:14jesus had not
00:52:15only studied the
00:52:16book but also
00:52:17respected it
00:52:18highly enough to
00:52:19adopt and
00:52:20elaborate on its
00:52:21specific descriptions
00:52:22of the coming
00:52:24kingdom and its
00:52:25theme of inevitable
00:52:26judgment descending
00:52:28upon the wicked
00:52:29the term most
00:52:30often used in the
00:52:31old testament to
00:52:32describe the
00:52:33watchers there is
00:52:36abundant proof that
00:52:37christ approved of
00:52:38the book of enoch
00:52:39over a hundred
00:52:40praises in the
00:52:41new testament find
00:52:43precedence in the
00:52:45book of enoch
00:52:45another remarkable
00:52:47bit of evidence for
00:52:48the early christians
00:52:49acceptance of the
00:52:50book of enoch was
00:52:51for many years
00:52:52buried under the
00:52:54king james bible's
00:52:55mistranslation of
00:52:57luke 9 35
00:52:58describing the
00:53:00transfiguration of
00:53:01christ
00:53:01and quoting
00:53:04their apparent and
00:53:05there came a voice
00:53:07out of the cloud
00:53:08saying this is my
00:53:09beloved son hear him
00:53:11apparently the
00:53:12translator here
00:53:13wished to make this
00:53:14verse agree with a
00:53:16similar verse in
00:53:17matthew and mark
00:53:18but luke's verse in
00:53:19the original greek
00:53:20reads this is my
00:53:22son the elect one
00:53:24from the greek uh
00:53:27which i don't know
00:53:28how to pronounce the
00:53:30elect one hear him
00:53:32the elect one is the
00:53:34most significant term
00:53:35found 14 times in the
00:53:37book of enoch if the
00:53:39book was indeed known
00:53:40to the apostles of
00:53:41christ with its
00:53:43abundant descriptions of
00:53:44the elect one who
00:53:46should sit upon the
00:53:47throne of glory and
00:53:49the elect one who
00:53:50should dwell in the
00:53:52midst of them then
00:53:53the great scriptural
00:53:55authenticity is
00:53:56accorded to the book
00:53:57of enoch when the
00:53:59voice out of the
00:54:00cloud tells the
00:54:02apostles this is my
00:54:03son the elect one the
00:54:05one promised in the
00:54:06book of enoch the
00:54:09book of jude tells us
00:54:10in verse 14 that
00:54:12enoch the seventh from
00:54:14adam prophesied
00:54:16jude also in verse
00:54:1815 makes a direct
00:54:20reference i need the
00:54:22script to come up
00:54:22pretty good makes a
00:54:25direct reference um
00:54:26we need to raise the
00:54:29text okay thank you
00:54:31um i'll start all over
00:54:35again the book of jude
00:54:36tells us in verse 14
00:54:38that enoch the seventh
00:54:39from adam prophesied
00:54:41jude also in verse 15
00:54:44makes a direct
00:54:45reference to the book
00:54:46of enoch to uh
00:54:49chapter one where he
00:54:50writes to execute
00:54:52judgment on all to
00:54:54convict all who are
00:54:55ungodly quote unquote
00:54:56the time difference
00:54:58between enoch and
00:54:59jude is approximately
00:55:013400 years therefore
00:55:04jude's reference to
00:55:05the enoch's to to
00:55:08the enoch's prophecies
00:55:09strongly things toward
00:55:10the conclusion that
00:55:12these written prophecies
00:55:13were available to him
00:55:14at that time fragments
00:55:18of 10 enoch manuscripts
00:55:20were found among the
00:55:22dead sea scrolls the
00:55:24famous scrolls actually
00:55:25comprise only one part of
00:55:27the total findings at
00:55:28cumron much of the rest
00:55:30was enochian literature
00:55:33copies of the book of
00:55:34enoch and other
00:55:35apocryphal books works
00:55:38in the enochian tradition
00:55:40like the book of
00:55:41jubilees with so many
00:55:43copies around the
00:55:45essenes could well have
00:55:46used the enochian
00:55:48writings as a community
00:55:50prayer book or teacher's
00:55:52manual and study text
00:55:54the book of enoch was
00:55:56also used by writers of
00:55:58the non-canonical that is
00:56:00apocryphal or hidden
00:56:01texts the author of the
00:56:03apocryphal epistle of
00:56:05barnabas quotes the book
00:56:07of enoch three times
00:56:08twice calling it the
00:56:10scripture a term
00:56:11specifically donating
00:56:13denoting the inspired
00:56:14word of god from the
00:56:17epistle of barnabas
00:56:18referencing the epistle
00:56:20of barnabas 4 3 and 16 5
00:56:22and 6 other apocryphal
00:56:25works reflect knowledge of
00:56:27the enoch story of the
00:56:28watchers notably the
00:56:30testaments of the 12
00:56:32patriarchs in the book of
00:56:33jubilees many of the
00:56:36early church fathers also
00:56:38supported the enochian
00:56:39writings justin martyr
00:56:42ascribed all evil to
00:56:44demons whom he alleged to
00:56:46be the offspring of the
00:56:47angels who fell through
00:56:49lust for women directly
00:56:50referencing the enochian
00:56:52writings
00:56:53athenagoras writing in his
00:56:56book called legatio and
00:56:57about 170 ad regards enoch as
00:57:00a true prophet he describes
00:57:03the angels which violated
00:57:04both their own nature and
00:57:06their office
00:57:06in his writings he goes into
00:57:09detail about the nature of
00:57:11fallen angels and the cause of
00:57:13their fall which comes
00:57:15directly from the enochian
00:57:16writings
00:57:17many other church fathers
00:57:20tation 110 to 172
00:57:24irenaeus bishop of leon
00:57:26115 to 185
00:57:28clement of alexandria
00:57:30150 to 220
00:57:32tertullian 160 to 230
00:57:36origin 186 to 255
00:57:40lactantius 260 to 330
00:57:43in addition to methodius of
00:57:46philipi
00:57:47minu
00:57:48minucius felix
00:57:50commodianus and ambrose of
00:57:54milan of milanos
00:57:56milan also also approved of
00:58:00and supported the enochian
00:58:01writings
00:58:02the 20th century discovery of
00:58:05several aramaic enochian texts
00:58:07among the dead sea scrolls
00:58:09prompted catholic scholar jt
00:58:11milik to compile a complete
00:58:14history of the enochian
00:58:15writings
00:58:16including translations of the
00:58:18aramaic manuscripts
00:58:19milik's 400 page book
00:58:22published in 1976 by oxford
00:58:25jt milik
00:58:26edited in translation
00:58:29the books of enoch aramaic
00:58:31fragments of quran k-4
00:58:34oxford clarendon press
00:58:361976
00:58:37is a milestone in enochian
00:58:40scholarship
00:58:41and milik himself is no doubt
00:58:44one of the finest experts on the
00:58:46subject
00:58:46his opinions based as they are on
00:58:49years of in-depth research are
00:58:52highly respected
00:58:53one by one the arguments against the
00:58:56book of enoch fade away
00:58:57the day may soon arrive when the
00:59:00final complaints about the book of
00:59:02enoch's lack of historicity and the
00:59:05late date are also silenced by new
00:59:08evidence of the book's real antiquity
00:59:11such evidence would perhaps
00:59:13would be perhaps the return
00:59:16of enoch of whom there is no record of
00:59:19ever dying but rather still living
00:59:21has to die once
00:59:23we need text
00:59:24we need text
00:59:24so enoch has to die once
00:59:28we need the text to come up
00:59:31okay
00:59:32thank you
00:59:34um new uh
00:59:36let me start that again the day may
00:59:38soon arrive when the final complaints
00:59:40about the book of enoch's lack of
00:59:42historicity and late date are also
00:59:45silenced by new evidence of the book's
00:59:48real antiquity
00:59:50such evidence would be perhaps the
00:59:54return of enoch of whom there is no
00:59:56record of ever dying but rather still
00:59:59living in the kingdom of heaven
01:00:01it is appointed unto man once to die
01:00:04so enoch has to die once in order for
01:00:08that scripture to be fulfilled
01:00:10spiritual scholars have attributed the
01:00:13fulfillment of the prophecies of enoch being
01:00:16revealed in revelation 11 of which we
01:00:19find the return of enoch with a second
01:00:22reprimand of the world for three and a
01:00:24half years
01:00:25wearing sackcloth and perhaps with
01:00:28elijah for company
01:00:29we might finally be able to account of
01:00:32his life and times after hearing what he
01:00:35has to say in those days to come
01:00:38until we see him finally die lay
01:00:41lifeless for three days and then rise up
01:00:44into the heavens yet again
01:00:46thank you
01:00:48i found this very helpful
01:00:54yeah very interesting
01:00:56yeah
01:00:57now this other essay that i put in the
01:01:06in the chat is also
01:01:08um it's pretty dense but it's uh it's
01:01:13well worthwhile
01:01:14that essay is one she just read from
01:01:17um no that was the introduction uh to
01:01:20the uh book of enoch
01:01:21in the current in the current version
01:01:25we're using
01:01:25so do we have any um
01:01:32any questions right now
01:01:35i have one one question
01:01:43uh-huh
01:01:44um when it was talking about the
01:01:47differences in luke and it
01:01:49referenced the term the elect one
01:01:51uh-huh
01:01:52what is the significance behind that
01:01:54um it's just a uh a way of referring
01:01:58to uh um the one the chosen one
01:02:02okay
01:02:02thank you
01:02:04but you know certain certain types of
01:02:11literature use certain vocabulary
01:02:13and that's
01:02:14that's where it's
01:02:15oh
01:02:16anybody else
01:02:21can you hear me
01:02:23yeah
01:02:24yeah
01:02:24yeah i had a question about the
01:02:26acronyms i've always been very
01:02:27suspicious
01:02:28of the cebce
01:02:30the anti-christian acronyms and
01:02:33they use in these
01:02:34this this essay
01:02:35uh i guess it was the first one
01:02:38right
01:02:39right
01:02:40well unfortunately um this is uh
01:02:43uh these are academic texts and
01:02:45they and so they have to follow
01:02:47academic standards
01:02:48so
01:02:53i also i share the same
01:02:56uh uh
01:02:58dubious attitude towards uh
01:03:01the ce and bce
01:03:03and especially
01:03:06anything dealing with theology
01:03:09but
01:03:09how do you do
01:03:11oh
01:03:14this here
01:03:19this is an interesting
01:03:21paragraph right here
01:03:22uh
01:03:23in
01:03:24and i acknowledge problem in the
01:03:26heart of western christian
01:03:28biblical studies
01:03:28is that the church and especially
01:03:30the western church
01:03:31or should i say churches
01:03:33has as its scriptures the
01:03:34jewish canon and text of the
01:03:36old testament
01:03:36when evidence
01:03:38shows clearly
01:03:39that the earliest church
01:03:41used very different scriptures
01:03:42let us examine that evidence
01:03:44this is a complex field
01:03:46and what follows can be
01:03:48no more than a sketch of what is
01:03:49here
01:03:50so
01:03:54um
01:03:59so
01:04:02why don't we
01:04:03embark on
01:04:10um
01:04:11this first little section of the book of enoch and then we'll we'll call it a night
01:04:17um
01:04:19who would like to read this
01:04:21um
01:04:21who would like to read this
01:04:22i can read
01:04:24okay
01:04:26the words of the blessing of enoch wherewith he blessed the elect and righteous who
01:04:33will be living in the days of tribulation when all the wicked and godless are to be removed
01:04:38and enoch a righteous man whose eyes were opened by god took up his parable and said i saw the vision of the holy one in the heavens which the angels showed me and from them i heard everything and from them i understood as i saw but not for this generation but for a remote one which is to come
01:04:56concerning the elect i said i took up my parable concerning them the holy great one will come forth from his dwelling and the eternal god will tread upon the earth even on mount sinai and will appear in strength of his might from the heaven of heavens
01:05:12and all shall be smitten with fear and the watchers shall quake and great fear and trembling shall seize them into the ends of the earth and the high mountains shall be shaken and the high hills shall be made low and shall melt like wax before the flame
01:05:29and the earth shall be holy rent asunder and and all that is upon the earth shall perish and there shall be be a judgment upon all but with the righteous he will make peace and will protect the elect and mercy shall be upon them and they shall all belong to god and they shall be prospered and they shall all be blessed and he will help them all and light shall appear unto them
01:05:55and he will make peace and he will make peace and behold he cometh with ten thousands of his holy ones to execute judgment upon all and to destroy the ungodly and to convict all flesh of all the works of their ungodliness which they have ungodly committed and all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against him
01:06:17so your assignment from next week is to read that uh essay text in context
01:06:29um and uh take a and then start reading uh chapters two three
01:06:41and four
01:06:44well actually just two and three
01:06:48because it sets up
01:06:55the whole
01:06:57uh thing about the fall of the fallen angels
01:07:02um and
01:07:05this of course is not only referred to in the new testament
01:07:08um but is uh
01:07:11it's a kind of a parallel
01:07:13parallel uh to the
01:07:15uh story of the fall
01:07:18in um of adam and eve in certain ways
01:07:21so but i think one of the things to look at
01:07:26is um
01:07:27is to contrast
01:07:29the uh the text of the bible as we have it
01:07:33um and this text
01:07:35because it's
01:07:37because they're parallel traditions
01:07:39so
01:07:47okay
01:07:48any other questions or comments
01:07:52just for fun i created an ai image and shared it in the chat
01:07:58oh yeah
01:07:59okay
01:08:04okay
01:08:09so you created this huh
01:08:21well ai did i can't take the credit
01:08:24huh
01:08:25well
01:08:29well
01:08:29so everybody can see it
01:08:48pretty cool
01:08:52oh it is
01:08:53except all the angels are feminine
01:08:56yeah
01:08:58interesting
01:08:59very feminine
01:09:00yes
01:09:01and they only have two wings
01:09:03instead of covering their face and their feet
01:09:05and their
01:09:06yeah
01:09:07apparently
01:09:09they're not seraphim or seraphim
01:09:10they're not seraphim okay
01:09:11apparently ai has a type
01:09:14yeah
01:09:15oh really
01:09:16it's pretty cool
01:09:20oh yeah
01:09:22interesting
01:09:23very good
01:09:24okay
01:09:26so let's pray
01:09:28it is truly me to bless the other toko
01:09:31sever blessed most blameless and the mother of our god
01:09:33more honorable than the cherubim
01:09:35more glorious beyond compare than the seraphim
01:09:37without corruption they gave us birth to god the word
01:09:40the very theotokos we magnify thee
01:09:42the blessing of the lord be upon you through his grace and love for mankind
01:09:45always now and ever into ages of ages
01:09:48amen
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