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00:00:00Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:00:30Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:00Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:02Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:06Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:08Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:10Alexa, where are my keys?
00:01:12Your keys are in your bedroom.
00:01:13At 8.30am you have a meeting.
00:01:15Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:17Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:19Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:21Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:23Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:25Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:27Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:29Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:31Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:35Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:37Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:39Terima kasih telah menonton!
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00:01:43Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:45Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:01:47Listening to us, influencing us, becoming part of us.
00:01:53But if the internet now has a body, how far can it reach?
00:02:17The internet is an intelligence amplifier.
00:02:26But almost everything that you can think of a positive and beneficial use for, there's also a negative use for.
00:02:33Human beings, they don't end at the edges of our biological tissue.
00:02:39Tools are appendages, extensions of who we are, and those tools shape our behavior as much as we shape them.
00:02:44As things in our physical life start to be on the internet and interconnected, the number of things that could go wrong is just going to grow.
00:02:55Little robots are doing more things for us than we realize.
00:02:59There are now billions of network sensors.
00:03:03They make up what is called the internet of things.
00:03:08It's like watching the planet develop a nervous system.
00:03:14The merging of a lot of these technologies is going to lead to the first true machine intelligence.
00:03:24And then what?
00:03:26You never can be too careful.
00:03:28It's about us controlling the devices before the devices control us.
00:03:33But we'd never have our smart devices without the work of one man.
00:03:45Doug Engelbart
00:03:46Doug Engelbart
00:03:47Doug Engelbart
00:03:48Doug Engelbart
00:03:48Doug Engelbart
00:03:49Doug was as monomaniacal as anybody I've ever met.
00:03:53Through his entire life, he was focused on one thing.
00:03:57Intelligence augmentation.
00:03:58The notion was that human beings were pretty good, but with computers we could be a lot better.
00:04:07He imagined networked computing in a way that was both highly technical and highly idealistic.
00:04:15Even utopian.
00:04:15If in your office you were supplied with a computer that was alive for you all day,
00:04:25instantly responsive, every action you had, how much value could you derive from that?
00:04:31It was in the fall of 1968 when Doug Engelbart staged what has come to be known as the mother of all demos.
00:04:37Come in, Menlo Park.
00:04:39Okay, there's Don Andrews' hand, Menlo Park.
00:04:45Several thousand computer engineers were in a hall and they saw Doug Engelbart up on a screen
00:04:50using a computer to communicate with people who were not in the same room.
00:04:54I'd like now to have us bring in Jeff Fullerson from Menlo Park.
00:04:57He's sitting in one just like this and working independently.
00:05:00Hi, Jeff.
00:05:00Hi, Jeff.
00:05:01Oh.
00:05:01And it was the first time many of them had ever seen computers as a true communication tool.
00:05:08Suddenly, at that moment, that room full of people began to imagine not just computers, but computer networks.
00:05:17Engelbart is actually the person who invents the computer mouse.
00:05:20It was kind of like a little wooden box that you could move around with your hand.
00:05:25You think about that for a moment.
00:05:26It's something that really accommodates the computer to the human body, to the human hand.
00:05:32You can see the devices that I'm using.
00:05:34Doug Engelbart had a portrait mode display, black on white, so it looked like a piece of paper.
00:05:39It'll accommodate.
00:05:40He invented a mouse so you could point through things on the screen.
00:05:43Controls through a potentiometer.
00:05:45He invented hyperlinks so that you could connect a document to another document.
00:05:51If I want to, I can say, the library, what am I supposed to pick up there?
00:05:54I can just point to that, and oh, I see. Overdue books and all.
00:05:59This was a system which, for all practical purposes, was a worldwide web in a box.
00:06:05Thank you very much for coming to the dedication.
00:06:12Engelbart and his lab actually helped humanize the computer.
00:06:16The computer would bring us together, and by bringing us together, would let us be more fully human.
00:06:21Steve Jobs was the first one to really get this.
00:06:25We're tool builders, and that's what a computer is to me.
00:06:28It's the most remarkable tool that we've ever come up with, and it's the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds.
00:06:35Three things.
00:06:47A widescreen iPod with touch controls, a revolutionary mobile phone, and a breakthrough internet communications device.
00:06:55Are you getting it?
00:06:58These are not three separate devices.
00:07:02This is one device.
00:07:03And we are calling it iPhone.
00:07:16iPhone.
00:07:20I remember when the iPhone was first announced back in 2007, I could absolutely not wait to get one.
00:07:27And when I finally did get my hands on one, it felt like I was living in the future.
00:07:34And now, I can hardly remember what it was like to live without this.
00:07:38It's a device made of plastic and metal that has all the answers, all the world's knowledge and information, that can summon cars, that can move mountains, that can make people do things, all by rubbing a magic mirror.
00:07:55And no place has embraced that magic more than Silicon Valley.
00:08:00Here, you see the smartphone everywhere.
00:08:02But it's also here that the next generation of smart devices is currently incubating.
00:08:08To see them, I'm paying a visit to Beta, Palo Alto's newest analog store for digital devices.
00:08:16Hi, welcome to Beta.
00:08:18Thank you.
00:08:19Have you been in before?
00:08:20I have not.
00:08:21I'm Derek.
00:08:22I'm Katrina.
00:08:23Nice to meet you.
00:08:24Nice to meet you.
00:08:25Everything here is out of the box, so you can touch it, feel it, interact with it, see how it's going to fit into your life.
00:08:30It's a Bluetooth-connected device, so you can create lightscapes, bright day, a sunset, date night, movie night.
00:08:37You no longer have to carry your keys.
00:08:39You can control it directly from your app.
00:08:413D video viewing.
00:08:42Whoa.
00:08:43Any command that you would be able to give your phone, you can do through the button.
00:08:47It will automatically water for you.
00:08:49You can interact with it.
00:08:50You can touch it and talk to it.
00:08:51Put it on your keys.
00:08:52You can put it on your kid, your dog, your backpack, whatever.
00:08:55Now we're talking.
00:08:56I haven't cracked anything yet.
00:09:01Oh my goodness.
00:09:03I want one.
00:09:06The beta store feels like a toy store for grown-ups.
00:09:11But as I was about to find out, it's less a store than a research lab where they're collecting data about you.
00:09:18Our store was made to bring the best parts about the internet to brick-and-mortar retail.
00:09:24Although our store does sell products, we make no money from selling products, which is very unusual in the brick-and-mortar world.
00:09:32In fact, we're the only store like that.
00:09:34How do you make a profit if you're not making any money off selling products?
00:09:39We have this really unique business model for retail where we directly rent space to companies.
00:09:46And we partner with a company called Retail Next.
00:09:49Retail Next has figured out how to use computer vision from overhead cameras to understand how people shop in stores.
00:09:56At the beta store, the most important sensor isn't on the shelves.
00:10:02It's actually in the ceiling.
00:10:05As you interact with products, these cameras are watching you.
00:10:11Measuring how much time you spend at each station.
00:10:18And learning what you like.
00:10:22And the customers don't know necessarily that they're being tracked or...
00:10:28If anything, like this is the most naive version of tracking out there.
00:10:32I came to beta to look at smart devices, but I was surprised to discover that they were actually looking at me.
00:10:40To learn more about how smart cameras help retailers like beta, I paid a visit to the maker of the sensor, Retail Next.
00:10:47Wouldn't it be great to know your shopper? To know what catches her eye?
00:10:54Introducing Aurora by Retail Next.
00:10:57The first all-in-one sensor designed specifically for the complex needs of retail.
00:11:02The next generation sensor for shopper measurement.
00:11:06So, walk me through this.
00:11:08You know, someone comes into the store.
00:11:10What sorts of data could you tell about that person?
00:11:13You can tell a lot about the type of person coming into the store.
00:11:18Male, female, approximate age.
00:11:23And you can capture a lot of information about their path to the store.
00:11:28Can I just back here?
00:11:30How can you tell age and gender of the people walking into a store?
00:11:36Yeah, so it's using computer vision.
00:11:39It works very similar to how human eyes work, but it's all algorithms doing that automatically.
00:11:44If you want to understand the type of customer in the shops, a particular store at a particular time,
00:11:50you can do that quite well.
00:11:56Retail Next cameras help retailers identify and target their best customers.
00:12:05But other analytics companies take facial recognition to a new level.
00:12:10The system does not need an exaggerated expression.
00:12:13The system can also detect micro-expressions.
00:12:16Some use cameras that can tell how you feel about a product.
00:12:21Whether you like it or not.
00:12:36But while cameras are very useful sensors for retailers, they're nothing compared to the one we have on us all the time.
00:12:44Our smartphone.
00:12:46They want to use the unique identifier with your cell phone to find out where you shop,
00:12:54how long you linger in which section of the store.
00:13:03Come here, baby.
00:13:04This is the giant.
00:13:07Some days
00:13:08We've been there.
00:13:09We've been doing it.
00:13:10Are simply
00:13:11Amazing.
00:13:12That looks like magic.
00:13:13The best
00:13:14My passion is environmental activism.
00:13:17The meat.
00:13:18The horseshoe.
00:13:19Oh yeah, baby.
00:13:20The awesome sense of adventure.
00:13:23Let's hold your hand.
00:13:25Unreal.
00:13:26Best of curiosity.
00:13:28Sundays.
00:13:29On curiosity channel.
00:13:31Ahhhh.
00:13:32Ahhhh.
00:13:33Ahhhh.
00:13:34Ahhhh.
00:13:35Ahhhh.
00:13:36Ahhhh.
00:13:37Ahhhh.
00:13:38Ahhhh.
00:13:40Umm.
00:13:41Um.
00:13:42Ahhhh.
00:13:44Toate.
00:13:45Uhhhh.
00:13:46Ahhhh.
00:13:48Naa.
00:13:49It's unknown.
00:13:51Tee.
00:13:52Well,
00:13:53Yes.
00:13:54Yeah.
00:13:55Terima kasih.
00:14:25Terima kasih.
00:14:55Terima kasih.
00:15:25Terima kasih.
00:15:55Terima kasih.
00:16:25Terima kasih.
00:16:55Terima kasih.
00:16:57Terima kasih.
00:17:32Terima kasih.
00:18:34Terima kasih.
00:18:36Terima kasih.
00:18:38Terima kasih.
00:18:40Terima kasih.
00:19:12Terima kasih.
00:22:12Terima kasih.
00:22:14Terima kasih.
00:22:16Terima kasih.
00:22:18Terima kasih.
00:22:48Terima kasih.
00:22:50Terima kasih.
00:22:52Terima kasih.
00:22:54Terima kasih.
00:22:56Terima kasih.
00:22:58Terima kasih.
00:23:00Terima kasih.
00:23:02Terima kasih.
00:23:04Terima kasih.
00:23:06Terima kasih.
00:23:08Terima kasih.
00:23:10Terima kasih.
00:23:11Terima kasih.
00:23:12Do ya?
00:23:14Terima kasih.
00:23:15Terima kasih.
00:23:16Terima kasih.
00:23:18Well, I guess at school
00:23:22I really enjoyed chemistry and physics.
00:23:26The study of physics is incredible.
00:23:28Take gravity. You can't see it,
00:23:30but the second you trip, it's right there
00:23:32to pull you down. Did you ever fall
00:23:34or trip on something?
00:23:36Yes, I have definitely fallen down a number
00:23:38of times in my life, Barbie.
00:23:41It happens to me all the time.
00:23:43That's gravity pulling you down,
00:23:45sometimes with an ouch.
00:23:46Wow, you sound to me like the next
00:23:48Marie Curie or Albert Einstein.
00:23:50Am I right?
00:23:51I think you are right, Barbie.
00:23:54I knew you were a smart cookie.
00:23:59As long as our devices work for corporations,
00:24:02they'll push us into being good consumers.
00:24:05But what if someday soon,
00:24:07our machines not only prompt us to buy,
00:24:10they also offer us a new form of currency,
00:24:14shares.
00:24:14will share our tastes,
00:24:17our interests,
00:24:18and even our private lives.
00:24:33Share your biometric data today.
00:24:35Your biometric data indicates you didn't sleep well.
00:24:45Are you feeling okay?
00:24:48Lucy, does your boyfriend know?
00:24:53You're pregnant?
00:24:54Discover fascinating stories about science, space, and more
00:25:06with Curiosity Channel's short-form series breakthrough.
00:25:23What we can expect is more extreme weather events.
00:25:26Innovators and experts provide powerful insight.
00:25:30Within science, there's always promise and there's always hope.
00:25:33And a critical context to understand our world in the fast-paced modern age.
00:25:37These impacts to societies are going to ripple across the planet.
00:25:41Breakthrough, tonight at 11 on Curiosity Channel.
00:25:45New York City, this massive urban core is known for its collection of landmarks,
00:25:51a sprawling skyline, and is the financial epicenter of the globe.
00:25:56But perhaps the most extraordinary aspect of New York is something far less celebrated.
00:26:01It's an unrivaled network of infrastructure systems working in unison to keep the city breathing.
00:26:07You need us to clean your community. Without us, things won't be too pretty.
00:26:11NYC Revealed, Friday at 8 on Curiosity Channel.
00:26:15Curiosity Channel
00:26:43Watch and Wonder
00:26:45My name is Douglas Thrawn.
00:26:54I've been flying drones ever since they first came out.
00:27:00I'm using the drone to rescue animals.
00:27:04I gotta fight for the animals.
00:27:08Witnessing the people when they get their animals back,
00:27:11It gives you an incredible feeling to be a part of something like that.
00:27:15Doug to the rescue.
00:27:17Wednesday at 9 on Curiosity Channel.
00:27:20Strange this may seem now.
00:27:22It will very quickly become the new normal.
00:27:26Today, the devices that connect us to the world also mine us for information.
00:27:38But none of this would be possible without a World War II era technology and the most beautiful woman in the world.
00:27:46The technology, of course, is wireless.
00:27:49But the woman?
00:27:52You're the man I think you are.
00:27:54You'll get Miss Hedy Lamarr to seal it with a kiss.
00:27:56What about it, Hedy?
00:28:00Go ahead.
00:28:04By 1938, American audiences knew the Austrian actress Hedy Lamarr as a dynamic and stunning leading lady.
00:28:11Funny, I don't have an ear for beauty.
00:28:15Just an eye for it.
00:28:16But she was no ordinary movie star.
00:28:19I came here to ask you to marry me.
00:28:21She was an inventor.
00:28:23Hedy spent her evenings inventing an improved traffic light and a tablet that carbonated and flavored your water.
00:28:29But as she watched Europe descend into chaos, Hedy turned her attention to inventions that could help the war effort.
00:28:39It has a strange effect on me.
00:28:44How, she wondered, could radio transmissions be secured from enemy eavesdropping?
00:28:50Then she heard this.
00:28:57Ballet Mécanique.
00:29:01This music was written in 1924 by an avant-garde composer, George Antile, who saw it as a celebration of machines as music makers.
00:29:10His complex arrangement included three xylophones, four bass drums, three airplane propellers, and sixteen player pianos.
00:29:20Player pianos used paper rolls with punch holes to generate the music.
00:29:26But Ballet Mécanique's rolls were special.
00:29:30They were synchronized.
00:29:31Hedy Lamarr realized that the synchronized paper rolls were just what she needed for her next invention.
00:29:46Secure radio communication.
00:29:50Using player pianos as inspiration, she and Antile designed a system called frequency hopping, in which a secret message would hop across radio frequencies.
00:29:59To do this, the system used punch holes on a paper roll.
00:30:04But, unlike a player piano, these holes wouldn't control musical notes.
00:30:08They'd instead control frequencies.
00:30:14The message would be sent in pieces.
00:30:20And on the receiving side, an identical paper roll would reassemble the message.
00:30:30She'd done it.
00:30:32Frequency hopping made radio transmissions impervious to eavesdropping.
00:30:36Hedy immediately donated her patent to the military.
00:30:41But the commanders weren't impressed.
00:30:44They turned up their noses at the idea of a secure system of paper rolls.
00:30:48Her invention lay dormant for decades.
00:30:53But Hedy had the right idea, and it was not lost on everyone forever.
00:30:59It was a hidden gold mine.
00:31:01Those who think getting a car phone is not for them, whatever the reason, haven't kept up with the booming industry of cellular radio telephones.
00:31:14In the 1980s, frequency hopping was finally declassified.
00:31:18And we quickly got the first cellular telephone.
00:31:23This Nokia Movera portable cellular phone is just $595.
00:31:30Hedy Lamarr's idea sparked a chain reaction.
00:31:33An explosion of wireless devices.
00:31:38Since the year 2000, mobile data traffic has increased nearly 400 million times.
00:31:44And much of this growth has come in the developing world.
00:31:47The invention that Hedy hoped would save the world has instead transformed it.
00:31:54Cultures are now skipping a generation of technology.
00:31:58Developing cultures where there was no telephone, there was no running water, there was no electricity.
00:32:03Now you bring a cell phone into that village and its horizons expand unimaginably.
00:32:08There will be a billion handsets in Africa in 2016, which is extraordinary.
00:32:15The poorest on the planet can afford a mobile phone.
00:32:20This idea of wireless mobility will change the way people think about themselves, about national boundaries, about education, about almost everything.
00:32:31Wireless now covers the earth almost like a layer of atmosphere.
00:32:38It's easier than ever before to stay connected.
00:32:41But are we really more connected to the people around us?
00:32:45What is the impact of technology on our daily lives?
00:32:50Interactions are being always mediated by a technological device.
00:32:55It is not all benign.
00:33:01It's getting noisier and noisier.
00:33:11You have to move away from the noise.
00:33:17What if you could live somewhere truly quiet without all the wireless noise?
00:33:22Welcome to the Quiet Zone.
00:33:26We're in the middle of what's called the National Radio Quiet Zone.
00:33:31And it's an area that is unique in North America.
00:33:35It's 13,000 square miles.
00:33:40About the size of Massachusetts and Connecticut combined.
00:33:44At the heart of the Quiet Zone lies the town of Green Bank, West Virginia.
00:33:48Home of the largest steerable radio telescope in the world.
00:33:53The Quiet Zone was created to protect it.
00:33:56The Green Bank Telescope is a Swiss watch, the size of a football stadium.
00:34:02But while it is so enormous, its tolerances are measured in fractions of a millimeter.
00:34:08We're talking about a telescope that stands taller than the Statue of Liberty.
00:34:15But the reflector surface is 2.3 acres in size.
00:34:22The bigger the bucket, the more raindrops you catch.
00:34:28Today the telescope is on the cutting edge of SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
00:34:35In recent years we've discovered, with the Green Bank Telescope, the basic organic molecules, the kind of things that in some sense are the building blocks of life floating out in the gas between the stars.
00:34:48But these discoveries come at a price.
00:34:58Radio silence for hundreds of miles in all directions.
00:35:08Unlike traditional telescopes, radio telescopes don't see, they listen for radio waves.
00:35:14In the 1950s, astronomers built the telescope here.
00:35:19Because it was a quiet place to do just that.
00:35:22Listen.
00:35:24The observatory started in the 50s.
00:35:27And they picked Green Bank specifically.
00:35:30They say we are the quietest place on Earth, so...
00:35:33I don't know.
00:35:35Maybe this is the last quiet place there is.
00:35:37For Green Bank residents, this doesn't just mean radio silence.
00:35:42It means wireless silence.
00:35:45Yeah, so living in Green Bank does have its challenges.
00:35:48You can't have a cordless phone.
00:35:50Forget a cellular phone.
00:35:51There's no cell towers here.
00:35:53Wireless speakers.
00:35:54Wireless headphones.
00:35:56Broad store openers cause problems.
00:35:58Electric fence around someone's garden.
00:35:59Microwaves.
00:36:00Bluetooth devices.
00:36:01Remote control cars.
00:36:02PS4s.
00:36:04Wiis.
00:36:05Nintendos.
00:36:06It's the craziest things that you would never think would cause interference that do.
00:36:12But the telescope's biggest threat is Wi-Fi.
00:36:16Wi-Fi here just completely overwhelms what we're trying to do.
00:36:21What's also amazing, though, is that we're beginning to interact with the Internet as if it is the only other social being we have in our lives.
00:36:34And that is the dangerous part, I think.
00:36:38Mike's idea made me wonder.
00:36:41What about being a teenager in a disconnected town?
00:36:44Would you feel you're missing out?
00:36:45One of the girls that just recently moved to this school asked me when she first moved here if we had cell phone service.
00:36:50She was like, I can't get any service on my cell phone.
00:36:52I was like, you're not going to.
00:36:54This is Green Bank's middle school.
00:36:56In the shadow of the Green Bank Telescope.
00:36:59Say you're here and then you go to like New York or Maryland.
00:37:03You can see people just walking across the sidewalk.
00:37:06Yeah, they're just staring at their phones.
00:37:08Becky liked my status.
00:37:10Oh, Bob commented.
00:37:11I totally got to respond to that.
00:37:12I think honestly, if like the Internet crashed here right now and we had no Internet, we could survive.
00:37:18City people sit on the side of the road and wait for all these people to come get them and we can get out and change our tire and get back in and go home like we need to.
00:37:25We don't have to call people on our cell phones. We actually drive to their house and knock on their front door.
00:37:29I like the quiet zone.
00:37:31We all like the quiet zone.
00:37:32I feel sometimes that we are the control population for a gigantic experiment being played on humanity by the telecommunications industry.
00:37:43We are living without the benefits and distractions of cellular technology.
00:37:48I'm basically shocked at what I see.
00:37:52I see people standing next to one another diddling with their little devices.
00:37:58It feels to me like while I wasn't looking, the whole world took up cigarette smoking.
00:38:03Elsewhere, the Internet is attached to you all of the time.
00:38:08Whether you're purposefully utilizing it or not, it's doing something with your device even when it's in your pocket.
00:38:17But you're tethered to it. Here you're not tethered to it.
00:38:21It's interesting to think that something special has happened here.
00:38:24In fact, it's almost the opposite. Something weird has happened everywhere else.
00:38:31Green bankers may enjoy their radio silence.
00:38:35But for the rest of us, living without our mobile devices wouldn't just be unpleasant.
00:38:40It would be impossible.
00:38:42We are outsourcing our memories into these devices and we're so dependent on them now.
00:38:49There's no backup system.
00:38:50Most college-age students say they can't go a day device-free.
00:38:57For many people, the cell phone has become a body appendage.
00:39:01They can't not be with it.
00:39:04The information is essentially their third skin.
00:39:07The library of all human knowledge is now just a screen away.
00:39:13We may think this means we're getting smarter.
00:39:15But we're relying more and more on machines to do the thinking for us.
00:39:21What used to be research has been replaced with search.
00:39:26Google search.
00:39:27In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin launched Google.
00:39:40Unleash your wild side every Wednesday.
00:39:44Discover the amazing creatures that share our planet.
00:39:47Journey through breathtaking landscapes.
00:39:48Join us for Wildlife Wednesdays and let the wild world come to you.
00:40:02Wildlife Wednesdays. Every Wednesday starting at 6 on Curiosity Channel.
00:40:07Curiosity Channel is the home for history.
00:40:13We recognize we have a new species on our hands.
00:40:17This one is the best preserved Viking ship in the world.
00:40:20Tremendous.
00:40:21They could have launched a one-way attack on America.
00:40:23It was a fundamental part of our evolution.
00:40:26To become great farmers.
00:40:27You know the fate of spies.
00:40:30You will be hanged.
00:40:32She was a Hollywood actress and also a scientist.
00:40:35History Tuesdays. Tuesday nights.
00:40:37On Curiosity Channel.
00:40:38Curiosity Channel.
00:41:06Curiosity Channel.
00:41:08Watch and wonder.
00:41:15To unravel the tangle of information on the web.
00:41:19They did this using algorithms.
00:41:24They used one algorithm to index the web.
00:41:27And another one to rank the results from the billions of pages in the index.
00:41:32They gave you the ability to effectively search through every page of every book in the library.
00:41:36PageRank, Google's ranking algorithm, decided which page would be in the coveted first place.
00:41:44The more links you've got, the more PageRank score you get.
00:41:48But it could be that somebody could have fewer links, but from more important places.
00:41:52Those links would count for more.
00:41:55And that was their secret sauce.
00:41:56PageRank worked so well that Google quickly became synonymous with search.
00:42:05But while search results often number in the millions or even billions, usually only ten matter.
00:42:11Typically, you see ten search results on the first page.
00:42:16Fifty percent of our clicks go to the top two search results.
00:42:22Fifty percent.
00:42:23And most people never look beyond the first page.
00:42:27But what we have begun to realize is that search rankings are impacting decisions people make about everything.
00:42:37We let Google decide what's the best information for us.
00:42:41But with millions of results that may match your query, why do you get these ten?
00:42:46Hey guys, today I wanted to give you my answer to the big question, how to rank number one in Google.
00:42:57When Google designed its algorithm, it inadvertently created a new industry, search engine optimization.
00:43:04Today we're going to talk about great SEO and what I believe Google wants.
00:43:09There's a new Google ranking factor that's huge right now.
00:43:12Really sneaky and really, really clever, that tactic, so make sure you implement that.
00:43:17These experts have learned how to optimize a website's structure or content to make it a top result.
00:43:22The algorithm is the key to cracking Google.
00:43:25Now what if I told you that we have cracked Google's formula?
00:43:29All too often we focus on beating the Googlebot rather than feeding the Googlebot.
00:43:35Whether a website knows how to feed the Googlebot might determine which brand of dog food you purchase.
00:43:44It may affect where you apply to college.
00:43:48And it could even impact an election.
00:43:52We believe that because it's a computer program operating however it's happening, we can trust it.
00:44:02The algorithm has to put things into an order.
00:44:05So what if the algorithm itself ends up favoring one candidate over another?
00:44:11Is the activity on Google in fact creating more interest in a candidate and in turn generating more votes?
00:44:22But this problem isn't limited to search engines.
00:44:26Facebook has run experiments manipulating the outcomes of elections.
00:44:31I mean the way they do it is they can actually make you more likely to vote.
00:44:34If Facebook just sent out go out and vote reminders, they sent them only to people of one political party.
00:44:45If they did that on voting day, they could easily flip an election.
00:44:52Backlash bring against Facebook.
00:44:54Former Facebook insider calling it quote absolutely biased.
00:44:57And our posted Monday said Facebook workers suppressed conservative leaning news stories in its trending section.
00:45:02People thought this was outrageous because here's this neutral technical system and then opinionated humans were coming in and mucking with it.
00:45:11But that's an absurd way to look at these things.
00:45:14There are no neutral technological systems.
00:45:17Today the most advanced algorithms are artificial intelligence programs called neural networks.
00:45:27Like dogs, these AIs aren't programmed, they're trained.
00:45:30A process called machine learning.
00:45:39Toy duck.
00:45:40Yes, that is correct.
00:45:42The next generation of robots will learn like an insect or a baby.
00:45:46It'll bump into things.
00:45:57It'll learn how to walk, learn how to navigate into this world.
00:46:01Rather than having all the lessons programmed from the very start.
00:46:06But with machine learning, artificial intelligence is no longer fully under our control.
00:46:13When machines become as intelligent as we are, assuming that we are intelligent.
00:46:17Any machine that can make decisions, choices, which can behave in a way which is not predictable by designers.
00:46:24And there are many machines like this now.
00:46:25I'm thrilled to be here to introduce a brand new product.
00:46:31In 2015, Google released an AI program to organize photos.
00:46:36Using machine learning, Google Photos understands what's important and helps you by automatically organizing your memories.
00:46:42And was caught off guard when their algorithm labeled a photo of African Americans as guerrillas.
00:46:52People who trained these artificial intelligence systems, train them on white people's faces.
00:46:59These weren't necessarily racist people, but their implicit biases of how they built and trained these systems end up embedding this incredibly set of racist assumptions.
00:47:10And just because a machine can learn from humans, doesn't mean they'll teach it the right thing.
00:47:18As Microsoft learned from their chatbot Tay, humans love to corrupt AI.
00:47:24Hello world! The more you talk, the smarter Tay gets.
00:47:29Microsoft designed Tay's software to mimic the speech patterns of 18 to 24 year olds.
00:47:35Even the best algorithms make mistakes at scale.
00:47:39It did not take long for internet trolls to poison Tay's mind.
00:47:45Tay's designers trained the bot to improvise based on what people said to her.
00:47:49Algorithms are a lot more likely to make mistakes than people are.
00:47:54And they can also be tricked much more easily than people can.
00:47:58Soon Tay was ranting about Hitler, launching racist and anti-feminist attacks.
00:48:03These systems have amazing blind spots.
00:48:05This happens all the time.
00:48:11Algorithms are used for everything.
00:48:13From college admissions, online dating, hiring decisions, loan approvals, stock market investments, through to studying influenza outbreaks and cancer research.
00:48:22A series of programming algorithms are making decisions without any of us having insight into how those decisions are being made.
00:48:31And that's a little bit scary.
00:48:33Machines are going to be running my life and everyone else's.
00:48:37So I was curious to know how they learn.
00:48:41And here at MIT, they're learning something that, up to now, only humans could do.
00:48:47Drive.
00:48:48Welcome to Ducky Town.
00:49:07Ducky Town may look cute, but it's got a real mission.
00:49:12To test the challenges of driverless vehicles quickly with the safety of miniature scale.
00:49:18What's the advantage of researching autonomous vehicles in Ducky Town?
00:49:24So the idea here is that, well, now we have this city where we can deploy 50 of these things very easily in an afternoon.
00:49:31And we don't waste a lot of time with the logistical problems.
00:49:34But the research problems are still preserved.
00:49:39What it's doing right now is it's using the camera to identify the road lines.
00:49:44And then when it gets to an intersection, it reads the intersection sign.
00:49:49And then picks a random, allowable direction to turn based on what it reads on the sign.
00:49:54What are the really hard problems to solve in making a truly autonomous vehicle?
00:49:58One big problem is that every piece of the environment has to be perceived somehow.
00:50:01And that includes pedestrians, cyclists, other cars.
00:50:06The hard part is being right about that 100% of the time.
00:50:17Unleash your wild side every Wednesday.
00:50:21Discover the amazing creatures that share our planet.
00:50:26Journey through breathtaking landscapes.
00:50:28Join us for Wildlife Wednesdays and let the wild world come to you.
00:50:39Wildlife Wednesdays, every Wednesday starting at 6 on Curiosity Channel.
00:50:44New York City.
00:50:45This massive urban core is known for its collection of landmarks, a sprawling skyline, and is the financial epicenter of the globe.
00:50:56But perhaps the most extraordinary aspect of New York is something far less celebrated.
00:51:02Its unrivaled network of infrastructure systems working in unison to keep the city breathing.
00:51:07You need us to clean your community. Without us, things won't be too pretty.
00:51:12NYC Revealed. Friday at 8 on Curiosity Channel.
00:51:16First, we invented time.
00:51:18We live our lives very much aware of minutes and hours and days.
00:51:22They want more. They don't have enough. They feel panicked. They feel rushed.
00:51:25Then, ways to save it.
00:51:26It's very easy to assume that an invention is improving our lives.
00:51:31But can we actually buy time? Or are our innovations really ways to waste it?
00:51:36We often take inventions for granted. That plays out in a lack of gratitude.
00:51:41Faster. Thursday at 9 on Curiosity Channel.
00:51:44Come here, baby.
00:51:45This is a giant.
00:51:55Some days...
00:51:57We've been there. We've been doing it.
00:52:00...are simply amazing.
00:52:02That looks like magic.
00:52:04The best...
00:52:05My passion is environmental activism.
00:52:07The beast.
00:52:09The awesome sense of adventure.
00:52:12Let's hold your ground.
00:52:14Unreal.
00:52:16Best of Curiosity.
00:52:18Sundays.
00:52:19On Curiosity Channel.
00:52:21Liam pointed me to all the problems that they haven't figured out just yet.
00:52:25Unpredictable humans.
00:52:28Bad weather.
00:52:30Detours.
00:52:31And what to do in the event of an unavoidable crash.
00:52:37Our self-driving cars have a lot to learn.
00:52:40But unlike us, they learn quickly.
00:52:44Really quickly.
00:52:46There's this new idea that's very powerful in robotics called cloud robotics, which basically is the realization that you can interconnect every robot with the internet.
00:52:56So, if you're a robot and you learn something, all of the robots will know immediately. That's learning that's very different than human learning.
00:53:06And it's not science fiction at all. It's already being deployed in the self-driving car world.
00:53:11Our robots today understand space. They understand their location in space. They can navigate in space. But not much more.
00:53:20But what happens when robots can do everything we can do?
00:53:25I think the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.
00:53:32With artificial intelligence, we are summoning the demon.
00:53:35You know those stories where there's the guy with the pentagram and the holy water and he's like, yeah, you sure you can control the demon?
00:53:42Didn't work out.
00:53:43We should not be confident in our ability to keep a super-intelligent genie locked up in its bottle forever. Sooner or later, it will out.
00:53:52A super-intelligent AI has the potential to tip the balance of power. If a cloud-based intelligence can communicate instantly, how will we humans maintain control?
00:54:02Hello.
00:54:09Hi, how are you?
00:54:11To find out more about machine intelligence, I decided to videoconference with Kevin Warwick, professor of cybernetics at Coventry University.
00:54:19He's interested in merging human and machine intelligence to create a hybrid. A cyborg.
00:54:27What are your thoughts on artificial intelligence?
00:54:29Um, well, if you can't beat them, join them. So, taking the very powerful artificial intelligence system and linking it to you, you become part of it, it becomes part of you, and so you take on board the power of AI rather than have it acting against you.
00:54:49Kevin explained that while humans and machines seem different, our minds both used electrical signals and binary code.
00:54:55Brain cells fire or they don't fire just as artificial brain cells in the computer fire or don't fire. Each brain cell is a binary signal just like a computer. In fact, you can send brain signals across the internet as though it's your nervous system.
00:55:13Kevin doesn't just study the theoretical possibilities of using the internet as a nervous system. He's actually plugged himself in. In 2002, Kevin implanted an electrode array in his arm and connected it to a robotic hand over the internet, becoming the world's first cyborg.
00:55:36Whoa!
00:55:37I went to Columbia University in New York and the guys there helped me plug my nervous system into the internet and linked to a robot hand in the UK with the implant in place linked to the internet.
00:55:56When I moved my hand in New York, the robot hand then moved from my brain signals in the UK. My brain was receiving signals back from the fingertips and I was able to feel how much force the hand was applying on a different continent.
00:56:17That is incredible.
00:56:18So with the internet and with an implant, your brain and your body don't have to be in the same place. That arm can be, I mean, ultimately, it can be on a different planet.
00:56:30Do you think that ultimately down the track that leads us to kind of meld our nervous systems in a big network?
00:56:37Oh, I hope so. Yes, I hope so. Sincerely.
00:56:40This cybernetic network could help humans and machines understand each other better.
00:56:46I mean, when you look at how humans communicate and compare it to technology, I mean, you have to be embarrassed, frankly. It's terrible.
00:56:55The interface, we're still using, even now, I'm using mechanical pressure waves to communicate.
00:57:04They're highly complex electrochemical signals in my brain, and then I convert those to these trivial coded pressure waves.
00:57:13It's terrible, really. I mean, we've got to get with the times. We have the technology now to upgrade humans, so we need to do it.
00:57:22Some call this upgrade the . . . .
00:57:29And now, a curiosity curious moment.
00:57:35The most important thing NASA ever did, in terms of its human space flight program, was land an astronaut on the moon.
00:57:47So, that would make it sort of a golden age. And when we all look back on this, probably 100, 200 years from now, they're going to remember the 20th century for only a few things.
00:57:57But one of them is going to be the moon landing. It's going to be something that children study centuries into the future.
00:58:04Going to the moon is hard to do. And the demonstration of that is the fact that nobody's been there since, really.
00:58:13You know, there's a few robots who've landed, but that's the extent of it.
00:58:17There's a lot of technology that has to be mastered. You have to build a really big rocket to be able to get there.
00:58:23You have to create the life science capabilities to keep an astronaut alive for the period of time necessary to get there and back.
00:58:30You have to build other types of technologies, especially things like a lunar lander built for flying in a weightless environment, in an airless environment, and in an environment that only has one-sixth gravity.
00:58:43You can't even test it here on Earth. So that's a difficult challenge. But those technical challenges were maybe even less significant than the managerial ones.
00:58:53How do you organize hundreds of thousands of people, billions of dollars of activity, all carried out all over the United States,
00:59:04and be able to bring all of the results of that together at one location, put it together, and then fly it to the moon successfully?
00:59:13And not do it just once. Do it multiples of times, which NASA did.
00:59:18The original challenge was to plant the flag and demonstrate that the United States was second to none.
00:59:23But the reality is that they were able to do very good science there, but the one thing that they did not find was something that we wanted.
00:59:32All of the explorations that had taken place in the terrestrial realm, beginning around 1500, where they sent sailing ships to the Americas, to parts of Asia, to Australia, various other places like this, they all found great wealth.
00:59:49In this particular case, they found nothing that they considered of value.
00:59:55Had we found that, we would have been back many times.
00:59:58Stay tuned for more.