Unusual movements and stillness in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon/Travel@Azamsyed

Travel@Azamsyed

Unusual movements and stillness in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon/Travel@Azamsyed Welcome to you My YouTube channel is Travel@Azamsyed.your passport to a world of wanderlust and adventure! Join us on a journey to discover the most awe-inspiring destinations, hidden gems, and cultural experiences from around the globe. Whether you're an avid traveler seeking inspiration or someone dreaming of your next escape, our channel is your window to the world.   Our Travel Vlog is all about sharing the thrill of exploration, capturing breathtaking landscapes, and immersing ourselves in diverse cultures. From hiking in the misty mountains to savoring exotic cuisine in bustling markets, we'll take you along on our escapades and provide tips and insights to make your own adventures unforgettable.  Expect weekly travel guides, travel tips, and captivating stories that will ignite your wanderlust. Join our community of fellow adventurers, and let's embark on a new adventure together in every episode.  Don't forget to hit that subscribe button, ring the notification bell, and pack your virtual bags as we set off on our next incredible expedition. Adventure awaits, and we can't wait to share it with you!" #moon #satum #india #pakistan #peoples   Like, share and Subscribe

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00:00New Scientist titled, Mysterious Movements and Stillness Baffle Scientists on Saturn's Moon.

00:06I thought this was such an interesting story because the data that we're seeing from this

00:10moon is so strange. It really is a mystery. The scientists are kind of at a loss to explain

00:16what's going on here. And it reminded me a little bit of our recent video we did on Titan.

00:22We had these radar images showing these huge moving things on Titan's surface,

00:26and we don't know what they are. This is another case where we have some strange things going on

00:31that we just don't understand. So let's take a look at this story. It's been a while since we

00:37visited Saturn's fascinating collection of moons. These objects range in size from the small moon

00:42atlas, which is only 13 kilometers across, all the way up to Titan, which is 50 times larger than

00:48Earth's moon and is the second largest moon in the solar system. It is a truly remarkable place.

00:54But today, we're not talking about any of those large moons. Instead, we're going to focus on

01:00one of Saturn's smallest inner moons, the moon Pandora. Scientists are still trying to understand

01:06what Pandora is made of, but they believe that it's probably an icy world with a rocky core,

01:11similar to many other moons of Saturn. What makes Pandora so fascinating is the fact that it orbits

01:17the planet in a very unusual way. It co-orbits with another small moon named Prometheus,

01:22and together, they form a sort of double moon system around Saturn. They orbit close to each

01:29other, and they also orbit the planet in a very unique shape. Their orbit is highly eccentric,

01:35which means that sometimes they get very close to the planet, and sometimes they are quite far away.

01:40This unusual orbit takes them close to Saturn's rings and within the magnetic field of the planet,

01:45and because of this, they get bombarded by charged particles of plasma from the planet.

01:50Because of this bombardment, it is thought that Pandora has a thin atmosphere, but until recently,

01:56we didn't know much about it. That's because Pandora is very small. It's only about 8 kilometers

02:01across. And it's also quite dark. It doesn't reflect much light from the sun, so it's difficult

02:07to observe with visible light telescopes. However, in 2019, scientists were able to use the Hubble

02:13Space Telescope to observe Pandora in ultraviolet light, and they made a fascinating discovery.

02:19They found that Pandora was emitting light in a very strange way. Normally, when an object emits

02:25light, it emits light uniformly in all directions. But the light coming from Pandora was highly

02:32concentrated around the equator of the moon. This is a very unusual phenomenon, and it suggests that

02:38there may be something very special happening at the equator of Pandora. Now, this discovery raised a

02:44lot of questions. But unfortunately, it also raised more problems for the scientists.

02:50Trying to solve this mystery, they tried to use the Hubble Space Telescope again, but this time in

02:55infrared light. They hoped that this would allow them to see the moon in more detail and learn more

03:00about its atmosphere. But they soon realized that something was very wrong. What they saw in the

03:05infrared light was not what they expected. They had expected to see the moon glowing in a uniform way

03:10like before. But instead, they saw that the moon was completely black. There was no glow at all. At

03:17first, they thought that maybe their equipment was broken, or maybe the weather on Earth was

03:21interfering with the signal. But after checking everything, they realized that this was not the

03:26case. Pandora was really not emitting any infrared light. This was a very strange observation, because if

03:33Pandora had no atmosphere at all, then we should have been able to see the glow of its surface in the

03:38infrared light. But the fact that we were seeing nothing at all meant that there must be something

03:43very unusual going on. Now, astronomers were baffled by this observation. They didn't know what to make

03:51of it. Some scientists thought that maybe Pandora didn't have an atmosphere at all. After all, it is a

03:57very small moon, and it's also very far away from Earth. Maybe the atmosphere was too thin to detect.

04:03Other scientists thought that maybe Pandora did have an atmosphere, but it was somehow transparent

04:08to infrared light. But this seemed very unlikely. Atmospheres are usually opaque to some degree,

04:14and it seemed unlikely that Pandora's atmosphere would be transparent to exactly the wavelength of

04:20light that they were trying to observe. Now, over the next few years, astronomers continue to try to

04:26observe Pandora in different wavelengths of light. They wanted to see if they could find any light at all

04:32coming from the moon. In 2021, they were able to get a break when they were able to observe a rare

04:37event. Pandora passed between Earth and the Sun, which allowed them to study the moon in visible light

04:43for a short time. They were hoping that maybe they would see some reflected light from the Sun,

04:48but they were surprised to find that Pandora was completely dark in visible light as well.

04:52Now, at this point, astronomers were completely baffled. They had observed Pandora in four different

04:58wavelengths of light, and they had never seen it glow at all. It was always completely black. And

05:04now, they had been observing Pandora for almost three decades. During that time, they had seen it go

05:10from being a faint dot in the sky to becoming a slightly brighter object. And yet, it had never once

05:17emitted any light that they could detect. Now, astronomers have been able to solve this mystery

05:23thanks to a new paper published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. The researchers

05:28were able to use data from the Cassini spacecraft to model the atmosphere of Pandora. They found

05:33that the atmosphere of Pandora is very thin, about 100 times thinner than Earth's atmosphere,

05:39but it is also very dense compared to other moons in the solar system. They believe that the

05:44atmosphere of Pandora is made up of mostly nitrogen and methane, with some carbon dioxide and hydrogen

05:50sulfide. The atmosphere is also very cold, about 170 degrees Celsius. So what's causing this

05:57strange glow that we've seen around the equator of Pandora? Well, according to the researchers,

06:03it is actually a mirage. Yes, you heard that right. Pandora has a mirage. The atmosphere of Pandora is so

06:10dense that it is causing light to be bent in a very unusual way. This is the same phenomenon that causes

06:17mirages on Earth. When light is bent by the atmosphere, it can create an image of an object that

06:22is not really there. In the case of Pandora, the mirage is creating a ring around the equator of

06:28the moon. This ring is not solid. It is just an illusion created by the bending of light. The reason

06:35why the atmosphere of Pandora is so dense is because the moon is so close to the planet Saturn.

06:41The gravity of Saturn is pulling the atmosphere of Pandora down towards its surface. This is also why

06:46Pandora is so dark. Its atmosphere is so thick that it is blocking the light from its surface.

06:51This is a very strange situation and it is unique to Pandora. No other moon in the solar system has

06:59an atmosphere that is both so dense and so opaque. Now this is a very exciting discovery because it

07:06means that we may have found the first moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere. This could

07:12be an important step in our understanding of how atmospheres form on other worlds. But there is still a lot

07:19that we don't know about Pandora. The atmosphere that the researchers modeled is just a very basic

07:25model. They couldn't take into account all of the complex interactions that are happening in Pandora's

07:30atmosphere. For example, they couldn't model the interaction between the atmosphere and Pandora's

07:36magnetic field. Pandora does have a magnetic field, although it is very weak. The magnetic field is caused by

07:43the interaction between the atmosphere of Pandora and the magnetic field of Saturn. The charged particles

07:49from Saturn's magnetosphere are bombarding Pandora's atmosphere, which creates a current in the moon's

07:55magnetic field. This current then generates its own magnetic field, which is what we are detecting.

08:01The interaction between the atmosphere and the magnetic field could be causing some very strange effects,

08:06such as auroras. The auroras are caused by charged particles from the sun interacting with the

08:12atmosphere of Earth. They are beautiful displays of light that can last for hours or even days. We don't

08:18know if Pandora has auroras or not, but it is certainly possible. The auroras could be one of the things

08:24that are causing the strange glow that we have seen around Pandora's equator.

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