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00:00:30Legends of bloodsucking fiends returning from the grave to prey on the living can
00:00:55be found in cultures dating as far back as ancient Egypt. Vampires, described in folklore
00:01:06as immortal creatures who live on the blood of innocents, can be warded off with a cross
00:01:11and can only be killed by exposure to the sun or by driving a stake through the heart.
00:01:19In the last hundred years, Bram Stoker's classic novel, Dracula, has spawned not only a horde
00:01:25of fictional imitations, but a counterculture of disciples who drink each other's blood.
00:01:37Today, there are people who celebrate a vampire culture of their own creation. This man says
00:01:44his family initiated him into a secret order of vampires. He has been drinking blood since
00:01:50the age of 12. A Minnesota couple believe the Romanian Dracula of history, Vlad the
00:01:58Impaler, speaks to them every day. A California woman has created a vampiric existence for
00:02:06herself by drinking blood, sleeping in a coffin, and driving a hearse. Does this obsession
00:02:14with vampires merely reflect man's desire for immortality? Or is it an experiment with
00:02:20the darker impulses of human nature that most prefer to leave uninvestigated and unexplained?
00:02:33The Fang Club in Beverly Hills, California, is more than a bar with an unusual dress code.
00:02:40It's a gathering place for people with vampire fetishes. The clientele like to dress up,
00:02:46put on fangs, and role play. Of the hundreds who attend regularly, there are about 20 individuals,
00:02:55including Nicholas Strathlock, who believe they are real vampires.
00:03:01The rest are a mortal crowd. It's a wonderful world, though, where all your inhibitions
00:03:06can be laid low. It's just to come and enjoy and fully express what we are without the
00:03:14fear of any repercussion. People go there expecting to see vampires, and that's exactly
00:03:21what we are and what we give them. A respected member of this community, Nicholas
00:03:26works as an administrator and mentor in what he calls vampiric spirituality, a belief system
00:03:33that includes the idea that vampires are actually undead gods. According to Strathlock's vampiric
00:03:41religion, these gods, who are made up only of psychic energy, seek out mortal hosts who
00:03:49are predisposed for possession by vampires. One of our ancient ones will enter into the
00:03:55body and therefore create a permanent change or state of being, which does create the vampire,
00:04:02which is what occurred with me when I died at five.
00:04:07In 1958, on a family outing in Wales, Nicholas Strathlock claims that he was pronounced dead
00:04:14for more than 20 minutes after a swimming accident.
00:04:18When I revived from that, I had the ability to know what people were thinking, to be empathic
00:04:25to their emotional states, and to be able to finish sentences for folks. It was quite
00:04:31disturbing because as a child, I figured everybody could do that.
00:04:37After the accident, Nicholas spent seven years studying the occult and honing his psychic
00:04:42and healing powers. He soon came to believe that his body had been inhabited by a vampire
00:04:48god. At the age of 12, he was initiated into his family's clan, the Order of the Dragon.
00:04:56It was primarily just a blood ritual for that. We spoke of feeding, we spoke of taking life
00:05:03force from others. It's been something that's been in my family for generations.
00:05:09Standing in a stone circle in the Welsh countryside, Nicholas pledged his allegiance to the Order.
00:05:15That was an actual vampiric initiation. They put their blood into the chalice altogether
00:05:21and I drank of that, which solidified our union. And since that day, I've trained and
00:05:30trained and worked with vampires.
00:05:34Nicholas eventually made his home in Los Angeles, where he founded a vampiric temple.
00:05:40We believe that the churches in all major religions were begun by vampires of one form
00:05:45or another, and they were done to keep humans from revolting against our wills, to keep
00:05:53humans docile, to always respond to the will of God. And since we were the gods of mankind,
00:06:01we needed to protect our interests in human affairs.
00:06:07What you are about to see is an actual vampiric ritual, a practice which may be disturbing
00:06:13to some viewers. Nicholas and other self-described vampires drink the blood of consenting human
00:06:20donors. He lives with a man he refers to as his blood donor, whose blood he drinks every
00:06:28other week.
00:06:30It is a sharing of love, of togetherness. It's a feeling of communion between yourself
00:06:37and another living being. It's the blood of life, sharing of your spirit, sharing of one's
00:06:45soul.
00:06:46For me, it's just a very beautiful communion. And it provides me the nourishment that I
00:06:52need. It also provides me the closeness to my partner.
00:06:57Aside from blood drinking and a gothic wardrobe, these modern vampires share little in common
00:07:03with the pop culture vampires of movies and fiction. The rays of the sun will not kill
00:07:09them, and they can see their own reflections in the mirror. Many own and even wear crosses,
00:07:16and they have no aversion to garlic.
00:07:20As with Guy, he works in an Italian restaurant. He usually has a lot of garlic, so I can taste
00:07:24that quite often. And no, we're not allergic to it. It's just not all that pleasant.
00:07:30We are not immortal. Physically, we are not. You shoot me, I'm going to die. You stick
00:07:36a stake in my heart, that'll kill anybody.
00:07:41The vampire subculture has attracted thousands of followers in the U.S. At the Beverly Hills
00:07:47Fang Club alone, hundreds of blood drinkers, groupies, and counterculture enthusiasts celebrate
00:07:53their common interest every week.
00:07:59It draws people to a culture which many people find frightening and even repulsive. A ritual
00:08:05where the predatory act of sucking another human's blood is not only condoned, but celebrated.
00:08:12A religion where seemingly amoral and immortal gods roam the earth.
00:08:18I think we take all of the elements of Dracula from the past, the elements of sexuality,
00:08:24the elements of immortality, and we add them now to the extreme anxieties of urban life.
00:08:34Anxieties about the nature of blood, anxieties about the economy. And we have come up with
00:08:39a new subculture that's every bit as strong and as powerful as, say, the beat subculture
00:08:45of the 50s or the hippie subculture of the 60s and early 70s.
00:08:51The vampire has provided the image around which modern anxieties, as well as fantasies,
00:08:57are expressed.
00:08:58There is a very powerful unconscious desire that we all project, I think, on the vampires,
00:09:05and that is immortality and power. What can beat that?
00:09:12The most exciting thing about being a vampire is realizing that I'm not bound. I'm not bound
00:09:20by the morals of society or by the set precincts that people have to put out there for us.
00:09:30It's being free to do what I want to do when I want to do it.
00:09:36The desire for liberation from societal control defines almost any subculture. What is unique
00:09:42about the Fang Club is a casual acceptance of an extraordinary practice, blood drinking.
00:09:49Blood has a very strong set of symbols and emotions attached to it, and I think what
00:09:58the vampire community is doing is drawing upon those emotions and those symbols. Within
00:10:05this community, there are some people with blood fetishes, and then there are a large
00:10:10number of people who would really like to be vampires, to have the power and the magnetism
00:10:17and all of the things that it means to be a vampire, and who adapt themselves to a vampiric
00:10:23lifestyle as much as possible.
00:10:27Nicholas Strathlock says that vampirism, including blood drinking, is more than a lifestyle choice.
00:10:34To him, it is a religion, a belief system, and a community. Despite the predatory nature
00:10:40of blood drinking, and maybe because of it, he finds vampirism intoxicating.
00:10:45It allows me the ability to experience everything that's forbidden, the darker side of my own
00:10:54being, my own dark desires, to be able to fulfill the fantasies of some others, to be
00:10:59able to, as I say, to be a dream to some people and a nightmare to others.
00:11:10Next, the fictional count who opened a Pandora's box of vampiric fears and fantasies, Dracula.
00:11:27The fictional vampire Count Dracula has occupied a place of honor among the pantheon of Halloween
00:11:33ghosts and goblins. His eyes are red, his teeth are pointed, his pallor is ghostly,
00:11:43and his breath, rank. He can materialize out of mists or moonbeams, yet he can be repelled
00:11:50by a simple cross. Most importantly, to maintain his immortal life, he must drink the blood
00:11:58of innocent victims.
00:12:02What is it about Dracula, half human, half monster, that is so compelling? Is he the
00:12:09reflection of something in ourselves that our own mirrors do not reflect?
00:12:18Bram Stoker's 1897 classic, Dracula, has been translated into dozens of languages, and has
00:12:25never been out of print in the century since its publication. With good reason, the story
00:12:31draws its mesmerizing power from the deeply rooted mystery of the vampire myth. Dracula
00:12:38unfolds in a series of diary entries. It begins with an account by an English lawyer, Jonathan
00:12:44Harker, who travels from London to Transylvania to visit a mysterious client, Count Dracula.
00:12:52Harker's mission is to finalize Dracula's purchase of a mansion in London.
00:13:00Transylvania means the land beyond the forest. Now, what that actually signifies, though,
00:13:09is the way you and I would say the land beyond the clouds, the unknown country, from whose
00:13:17born no traveler returns, as Shakespeare put it. It's the place nobody's ever been. It's
00:13:24the unknown place, the strange place, where anything is possible, including phantoms,
00:13:30vampires, werewolves, and all that.
00:13:38Jonathan Harker arrives at Castle Dracula and meets his host, the Count. From the very
00:13:44first, he realizes that there is something strange about Dracula. Harker notes in his
00:13:49diary,
00:13:51He made no motion of stepping to meet me, but stood like a statue as though his gesture
00:13:55of welcome had fixed him into stone. The instant, however, that I stepped over the threshold,
00:14:01he moved impulsively forward and, holding out his hand, grasped mine with a strength
00:14:05which made me wince, an effect which was not lessened by the fact that it seemed as cold
00:14:10as ice, more like the hand of a dead than living man.
00:14:15Author Bram Stoker researched his story well. This description of Harker's first meeting
00:14:20with Dracula comes from ancient Transylvanian folklore. According to legend, vampires could
00:14:27not approach or attack a victim unless the victim willingly invites the evil in. Once
00:14:33inside, however, evil is overpowering, the kind of evil of which the Victorian lawyer
00:14:39is woefully unaware.
00:14:42Jonathan Harker really fell prey to his own ignorance. Had Jonathan Harker been familiar
00:14:53with the folklore of Europe, of Transylvania, he would probably have fared differently.
00:15:00He would probably have been able to ward off the vampire.
00:15:07As Harker grows ever conscious of his predicament, he realizes that he has become a prisoner
00:15:13in Count Dracula's castle. He fears he may die there, when suddenly he is approached
00:15:20by Dracula's minions.
00:15:23There was a deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsive, and as she
00:15:27arched her neck, she actually licked her lips like an animal till I could see in the moonlight
00:15:32the moisture shining on the scarlet lips and on the red tongue as it lapped the white,
00:15:37sharp teeth. Lower and lower went her head. I closed my eyes in a languorous ecstasy and
00:15:44waited.
00:15:47Dracula arrives to break up this encounter, driving the women off in an exchange that,
00:15:53from a Victorian perspective, must have been overwhelming in its homoerotic overtone.
00:15:58Giving and receiving a power during the sex act, and built a fabulous story around that
00:16:05with elements of horror and pain and suffering.
00:16:11These themes are fully explored in a later encounter between Dracula, who is now in London,
00:16:17and Harker's fiancée, Mina.
00:16:21Appearing at Mina's bedside, Dracula clasps his lips around Mina's throat, pierces her
00:16:27skin and drinks her blood. Then he forces her into an act that bonds her to the vampire
00:16:33for eternity, in her words.
00:16:37With his long, sharp nails he opened a vein in his breast. When the blood began to spurt
00:16:43out, he took my hands in one of his, holding them tight, and with the other seized my neck
00:16:49and pressed my mouth to the wound, so that I must either suffocate or swallow some of
00:16:56the, oh my God, my God, what have I done?
00:17:04Dracula has begun the process of turning Mina into a vampire, by forcing her to ingest
00:17:09some of his supernatural blood. Metaphorically, Dracula and Mina have done something that
00:17:15was not spoken of in Victorian times.
00:17:20Yet sex was not the only reason Dracula became popular. The myth of the vampire touches a
00:17:26deeper chord.
00:17:31What is it about the themes of evil, power, sexuality and death that have made Dracula
00:17:37a classic piece of literature?
00:17:40The legend is immortal. Why? Because as long as there are humans around, they will yearn
00:17:46for what? For physical immortality and remaining young.
00:17:50Dracula, the count, the vampire, certainly stands for what Carl Jung said, the dark side
00:17:58of our mind. Half of our mind is in the dark, he said. We don't know what's inside there.
00:18:07Well, we are now starting to grow into it and to dissect it and to desacralize it. The
00:18:16taboos are gone and we are more and more daring into asking what are we? Why are we like that?
00:18:28In contrast to the afterlife offered by most religions, becoming a vampire promises physical
00:18:34immortality in the here and now.
00:18:37This notion again that vampires want to live forever is reflected in the modern world's
00:18:42obsession with not blowing themselves up and not catching salmonella and not ingesting
00:18:49raw food. It's this desire to stay alive forever, which is a yuppie version of a vampire.
00:18:58Bram Stoker's Dracula has a clear moral, succumb to the allure of the evil and abandon
00:19:06your soul.
00:19:09But in the end, if you invite it in, it's great for a little while, but then all of
00:19:14the evil consequences begin to work their way out. That's simply the way that evil manifests
00:19:21itself in our personal lives to a great extent.
00:19:30Next, the enthralling myth of the vampire is embodied by a 15th century Romanian ruler,
00:19:36a man whose real life was the model for the fictional Dracula.
00:19:44Transylvania, a province of modern day Romania intersected by the Carpathian Mountains, is
00:19:54as mysterious and romantic today as it was in the 1890s, when Bram Stoker was doing research
00:20:01for his novel Dracula.
00:20:05Everything you see in the novel, read in the novel and see in the movies, garlic, the cross,
00:20:10all that stuff, that's authentic folklore from Transylvania. He didn't make up any of
00:20:14that. That's the irony. People think that story is the product of a wild imagination
00:20:19of some Irishman or other, you know, Stoker. No, he didn't make up anything.
00:20:27Transylvania has long been regarded as the crossroads of every known superstition in
00:20:31the world. It was also home to one of the most brutal leaders of all time, a 15th century
00:20:38ruler named Vlad Dracula, who fought to keep the Turkish Empire from expanding into Christian
00:20:44Europe. He was the model for Stoker's famous vampire.
00:20:54Vlad Tepes Dracula was born in Transylvania in 1431. In Romanian, Dracula means son of
00:21:01the dragon or son of the devil. When Vlad's father became ruler of Wallachia, a province
00:21:10just south of Transylvania and north of the Turkish Empire, Vlad first went to live at
00:21:16the palace and then, as a form of peace treaty, he and his brother were sent to live with
00:21:21the sultan in Turkey.
00:21:24He did not know Turkish. He was a Romanian. And he was a Christian. And they were interested
00:21:31in Islam. They were Muslim. So it was a trauma time for him as a young child, a very, very
00:21:37difficult time.
00:21:41Vlad became an avid student of Turkish cruelty. He was particularly interested in the technique
00:21:47of impalement, in which a stake would be driven through a human body and then anchored into
00:21:52the ground. This method of torture, a kind of popsicle technique, is similar to crucifixion.
00:22:00The victim dies slowly by bleeding to death.
00:22:05The stake is driven in a way that would avoid the vital organs. The idea was to have the
00:22:11victim live for some time upon the stake.
00:22:17Vlad Dracula and his younger brother, Radu, were released by the sultan after Romanian
00:22:22noblemen allegedly murdered their father and older brother.
00:22:27Vlad assumed the throne in 1456. He quickly put the lessons he learned in Turkey to use,
00:22:33earning the infamous title, Vlad the Impaler.
00:22:40He said nothing in the first couple of years to those who helped in the murder of his father
00:22:48and of his brother. But then one Easter year, possibly in 1459, Vlad the Impaler came to
00:22:57Turkey. He invited all this nobility at an Easter party. He surrounded the place with
00:23:02soldiers.
00:23:05And after they've been full of food and drink, he impales the children and the women and
00:23:14the older people, too, who can't help him. And then he takes the rest of them. And there's
00:23:19a forced march from his capital at Tirgovişte to his castle Dracula, Poyanty.
00:23:27And there he has them rebuild the castle that was on the hill there.
00:23:33Satisfied with his revenge on the landowners, Vlad turned his attention toward the Turks.
00:23:39To stop them from raiding and looting Wallachia, Vlad and his soldiers rode into Turkish territory
00:23:45and then rode back out again, killing and burning everything in sight.
00:23:53Scorched earth is a brilliant policy for several reasons. If you destroy all the crops and
00:23:59all the shelters, houses, et cetera, you know, the old story, an army travels on its stomach.
00:24:05In those days, they didn't have logistics the way we do today. They had to live off
00:24:09the land. If there's no food around, you make it virtually impossible, not completely, but
00:24:14virtually or very difficult for an army to invade.
00:24:21Dracula realized that he had delayed the sultan, not stopped him. In preparation for the sultan's
00:24:28eventual retaliation, Dracula began impaling his Turkish prisoners in unprecedented numbers.
00:24:37He created a forest of impaled. It took him months and with the help of a lot of people.
00:24:44Dracula liked to dine amid his impaled victims. The stench must have been unbearable, rotting
00:24:51corpses, some of them up there for weeks. And this is what greeted the sultan. And he
00:24:57said, what can you do against a man who does such terrible things? So he took his forces
00:25:03and went home.
00:25:04Vlad was, in a sense, victorious. So he told his nobility, let's follow the sultan. He's
00:25:13running. Let's finish him.
00:25:19At that moment, the nobility sided with Vlad's brother, Radu. Dracula lost his crown and
00:25:25was imprisoned.
00:25:26He couldn't give up his bad habits even in jail. Of course, he couldn't get any humans
00:25:31to impale there. So he caught mice and he'd torture and impale them. And then he bribed
00:25:40his jailers to buy him birds from the marketplace. And then he'd pluck the feathers off the birds
00:25:46and they'd get disorientated and run around his cell. And then when they were, you know,
00:25:51all tired out, he'd take them and stick them up on little stakes. So he had what anybody
00:25:56would call an impalement fetishism. I mean, he was into it.
00:26:02Years later, Vlad briefly regained the throne of Wallachia, only to meet his end during
00:26:07a battle with the Turks.
00:26:13What is the relationship between the Dracula of Romanian history and the supernatural vampire
00:26:19of Stoker's novel? Was the historical Dracula as much of a devil as Stoker's count?
00:26:27There are two schools in Romanian historiography describing Vlad, Dracula. One school says
00:26:35that no matter of reasons, he should not have employed impalement, he should not have killed
00:26:44to such a large scale. The other school says everything he did was politically motivated.
00:26:54There is a reason behind his apparent savageness, cruelty. State reasons.
00:27:03Psychopath or amoral pragmatist, Vlad Dracula's methods were horrifying.
00:27:10He killed his own people. He killed peasants, ordinary Romanian peasants living on that
00:27:15side of the Danube for this purpose, for the scorched earth purpose, so that when the Turks
00:27:20arrived, they wouldn't find food. And that's what happened.
00:27:25Like his fictional counterpart, Vlad Dracula had an obsession not only with power, but
00:27:30with blood. Some accounts suggest he even liked to drink it.
00:27:35He would take bowls, fill it with blood from the victims, and then he'd take a piece of
00:27:41bread and put, dip it in the blood and slurp it down, high protein diet.
00:27:47Unlike the immortal count, Vlad Dracula died a natural death at the hands of the Turks.
00:27:53But mystery followed Vlad the Impaler past the grave. For hundreds of years, it was believed
00:27:59that his remains were housed in a monastery north of Bucharest. But in 1931, when his
00:28:06tomb was excavated, it was empty.
00:28:15So powerful is the fascination with the Dracula story that some people today claim to communicate
00:28:21with the spirit of the 15th century warrior.
00:28:27Next, a Minnesota couple who claim they have been living with Vlad the Impaler for years.
00:28:40The spirit of the historical Dracula, and the vampire myth to which it's been forever
00:28:45linked by the novel, still lives on for history buffs and fans of the occult.
00:28:53But for this couple, Vlad is alive and well, and living with them just outside of Minneapolis.
00:29:01Kathy and Dale McKinley say they have channeled the spirit of Vlad Dracula.
00:29:08Kathy grew up fascinated by the occult, monster movies, and especially Bela Lugosi's portrayal
00:29:14of Count Dracula.
00:29:17In junior high school, my teacher used to call me Morticia, you know, and I had this
00:29:22little reputation that I was, you know, this little quote, unquote, Dracula person.
00:29:28Kathy also believed she had psychic abilities.
00:29:32I knew when things were going to occur. I knew what was going to happen next. Sometimes
00:29:37I would have visions. A lot of times, you know, I would know when somebody was going
00:29:43to die because I would feel this nauseous suddenly out of the clear blue sky.
00:29:49Kathy felt an instant psychic connection to the historical figure of Vlad the Impaler
00:29:55upon seeing a portrait of him in a newspaper.
00:29:59I wanted to know Vlad. I mean, everybody I've ever wanted to know I've met, usually, in
00:30:03my life. So I just continued sitting and meditating. I did not channel Vlad, but I had some kind
00:30:10of connection where I knew that this was somebody that I would meet, possibly someday, whether
00:30:18it be on this side or on the other side, there was a connection.
00:30:24Kathy began taking classes to study channeling, a process in which the spirit of someone who
00:30:29has died supposedly speaks through a living person. In 1986, Kathy met Dale McKinley at
00:30:38a festival for the cult vampire television show Dark Shadows. Dale was a fan of the show,
00:30:44but a vampire buff. At the time, he had never heard of Vlad the Impaler. Dale was captivated
00:30:52by Kathy's enthusiasm and her interest in the occult. After a couple of years, they
00:30:59were married and moved to eastern Minnesota, where Kathy continued to share her interest
00:31:03in mysticism with Dale by teaching him how to use a Ouija board.
00:31:09We were trying to contact relatives that had passed on on her side and seeing just what
00:31:16we could contact, if we could make any type of contact. I've always had an interest in
00:31:20the paranormal, but this gave me a chance to explore it even deeper.
00:31:26They claim that when they tried to contact the object of Kathy's long-time obsession,
00:31:31the channeling worked. And all of a sudden I started hearing the
00:31:36messages coming into my mind before they were coming on the board.
00:31:46At first, Kathy refused to believe that she might be channeling the legendary Dracula,
00:31:50Vlad the Impaler. But she continued to meditate and call out to him. One day when Dale was
00:31:56at work, she became overwhelmed by what happened to her.
00:32:01My head just hurt like it was going to explode from the inside. It just hurt just like somebody
00:32:06was crushing the inside of my head. And I said, make it stop, and I fell to my knees.
00:32:10Popular and frightening works of fiction. This best-selling horror novel has scared
00:32:18up enough sales to keep it continuously in print for more than 100 years. Dracula has
00:32:26continued to fascinate readers with its indelible image of evil, the myth of the vampire personified.
00:32:34I am Dracula.
00:32:39The visual perception of Dracula owes much to Bela Lugosi's suave, well-tailored portrayal
00:32:46of the character in the 1931 movie version. But Stoker's Prince of Darkness is an even
00:32:53more frightening figure, a demon with razor-sharp teeth and grotesque pointed features.
00:33:01Dracula is a vampire, a dead man who must consume the blood of the living to survive,
00:33:08and in doing so, recruits them to his ranks of the undead. A monster with the blood of
00:33:16hundreds of victims coursing through his veins is a powerful character indeed. But Dracula's
00:33:23ultimate strength lies in the history invested in him, a history Bram Stoker forged by combining
00:33:31thousands of years of vampire folklore, Old World superstitions, and historical fact in
00:33:38the person of a savage 15th century Romanian tyrant known as Vlad the Impaler. And perhaps
00:33:46as important, Stoker brought his own haunted life and the Victorian times he lived into
00:33:53the creative mix.
00:34:01It may have been Bram Stoker's destiny to write Dracula. He was haunted by death from
00:34:09the day he was born, November 8, 1847, in a town not far from Dublin. It was the height
00:34:18of the great Irish potato famine. During the 1840s, out of Ireland's population of 8 million,
00:34:27more than a million and a half died of starvation and disease. Those who did not die wandered
00:34:34the streets looking like the walking dead. Stoker was born in this comfortable middle-class
00:34:42house in Klontarf. Though he was aware of the suffering outside, it would be some time
00:34:48before he could see it with his own eyes. He was virtually a prisoner in this house
00:34:53for the first seven years of his life, bedridden with a mysterious disease that left him paralyzed.
00:35:01Every day, his mother told him about the troubled outside world, along with tales of the supernatural
00:35:11and horror stories from her own childhood.
00:35:14Stoker was a very sickly child in his early years and his mother told him terrifying stories,
00:35:23part of the time about fairies, and other times about this terrible cholera plague in
00:35:28Sligo when people were buried alive. And this must have worked on his fevered imagination.
00:35:38At the age of seven, Stoker miraculously recovered. He was finally free to play in the neighborhood
00:35:46graveyard.
00:35:47Beside him where he lived, there was a suicide graveyard. It was a plot specifically put
00:35:52aside for burying people who committed suicides. Stoker is known to have spent hours and hours
00:35:58playing, mesmerized in that graveyard. It may have been a reason why he got this concept
00:36:03of the undead, that these people are still wandering.
00:36:11As Stoker grew into an adult, he seemed to put his deathly preoccupation behind him.
00:36:17He attended college and took a job as a civil servant.
00:36:22In 1878, he married, moved to London, and worked as the theater manager for renowned
00:36:29stage actor Henry Irving. Stoker loved the theater, but he had an even greater passion,
00:36:37writing.
00:36:40Stoker mainly wrote tales of romantic adventure, but he was quite taken with the fantastic.
00:36:46In 1882, he published Under the Sunset, a collection of horror stories for children.
00:36:52One story involved a plague that took the form of a shadowy giant. Another, about a
00:36:58character called the King of Death.
00:37:03At the time, only a handful of vampire stories had been written, like Varney the Vampire,
00:37:09an 1847 British magazine serial. But what caught Stoker's attention was a book published
00:37:17in 1872.
00:37:20He had been impressed by the work of another fellow Irishman, Sheridan Luffin, who wrote
00:37:25a novel called Carmilla, about a female vampire. So he wanted to write a vampire story. So
00:37:33what happened is he started out by looking into vampire folklore.
00:37:41This was the birth of Dracula. In the spring of 1890, Stoker began a meticulous process
00:37:48of vampire research that would take him to libraries from England to Ireland and would
00:37:54span seven years.
00:38:00As he got underway, Stoker made an important decision. While his novel would be based on
00:38:06folklore, it would also be contemporary. His book would employ modern inventions like the
00:38:12typewriter and the dictaphone. Dracula would be a product of a society in transition.
00:38:25In the Western world, the arts and literature were beginning to break free of their classical
00:38:30roots, becoming forms of expression that appealed to more impulsive sensations. This transformation
00:38:37was especially true in Stoker's England.
00:38:43These were Victorian times, named for the rigid monarch who ruled Great Britain in the
00:38:49latter half of the 19th century. It was an era when behavior and morality were expected
00:38:55to be as restrained as the queen herself.
00:39:02But a new form of fiction was becoming increasingly popular with the British public, the Gothic
00:39:08novel. For Stoker's horror story, the style was a perfect fit. He tantalized readers with
00:39:16emotionally charged action and supernatural exotic settings. Sexuality could only be suggested
00:39:23indirectly, like a bite on the neck.
00:39:27Because he couldn't write about sexuality as we do today more overtly, that this was
00:39:32kind of subterfuge, that the biting on the neck was just a metaphor for the sexual act.
00:39:40And it's much more romantic than just writing about the sexual act.
00:39:48But while Dracula would have his way with women, he would be far from a ladies' man.
00:39:54Stoker's Dracula was not a romantic character. He was a hideous old man who got younger as
00:40:00he drank blood, but he never became attractive, and he never wasted any time seducing any
00:40:07of his victims. I mean, his idea of a social call was, you know, crashing through your
00:40:11bedroom window in the form of a wolf.
00:40:18During that time in England, the origin of man was hotly debated. Charles Darwin's
00:40:23Descent of Man, the cornerstone of evolutionary thinking, had recently been published.
00:40:29Stoker wrote during the time when Darwin's theories were really upsetting the Victorian
00:40:33consciousness, and Dracula was a kind of a horrible evolutionary backsliding character
00:40:41who could crawl down the evolutionary ladder to become a bat or a wolf. I mean, he blurred
00:40:47the distinctions between men and animals.
00:40:53Dracula was also likely inspired by men who acted like animals.
00:40:59In the fall of 1888, just two years before he began researching Dracula, the newspapers
00:41:05were filled with stories of Jack the Ripper. This mysterious killer savagely attacked
00:41:11young women on the foggy streets of London's East End, and struck only at night.
00:41:23For the next seven years, Bram Stoker would read many more horror stories. In writing
00:41:30Dracula, he would dig up hundreds of vampire myths and legends.
00:41:36When In Search of History returns, we'll discover what Bram Stoker unearthed. From
00:41:42the tale of the vampire who attacked Adam, to the account of a 17th century woman who
00:41:48murdered hundreds of young girls in order to bathe in their blood.
00:42:00In the pages of Dracula, the vampire hunter Dr. Van Helsing talks about the history of
00:42:09vampires.
00:42:10For, let me tell you, he has known everywhere that men have been. In old Greece, in old
00:42:17Rome, in France, in India, and in China.
00:42:24This is what Bram Stoker discovered during the seven years of research that went into
00:42:29the creation of Dracula. Vampire myths and legends from almost every time and place in
00:42:36history.
00:42:38There's no civilization that hasn't had some variation on the idea of the vampire, or the
00:42:43being that comes back from the grave to feed on the energy or the blood of living people.
00:42:51Vampire stories can be traced back to creation itself. According to some Hebrew scholars,
00:42:59the world's first man was haunted by the world's first vampire. She was Adam's wife, Lilith.
00:43:09In the Talmud, the book of Jewish laws, Adam had a wife before Eve named Lilith. Lilith
00:43:16challenged Adam's authority in their marriage, seeing herself as his equal.
00:43:23Adam wanted to be on top while they were having sex. And she said, no way in the world. If
00:43:28we're equal, then we're both on top. And of course, that was in his mind a rebellion and
00:43:33an abomination, and he refused to accept that. And Lilith and Adam argued for a while. And
00:43:40when she realized she was not going to get her way, according again to Jewish folklore,
00:43:46she took off.
00:43:48Banishing herself to the shores of the Red Sea, she later returned as a demon who possessed
00:43:54vampiric powers. She attacked Adam, his new wife Eve, and their children.
00:44:01In Greek mythology came a similar tale of a female vampire. Valamia was a Libyan queen
00:44:11who had several children with Zeus, king of the Greek gods. After they were confiscated
00:44:17by Hera, Zeus' wife, Valamia fled and transformed herself into a creature who attacked other
00:44:24mothers' children and drank their blood.
00:44:31In India, the vampire goddess Kali dates back to the 6th century. She was a creature with
00:44:38multiple arms, a necklace of skulls, and a mouth full of fangs which dripped blood.
00:44:46The concept of the vampire runs through almost every Asian culture. In Malaysia, the vampire
00:45:00was a being who would land near the cribs of babies and with its long snake-like tongue
00:45:06suck out their blood.
00:45:10As were feared in Japan, these were blood-sucking monsters who hid in lakes and rivers, waiting
00:45:17to feast on passing travelers.
00:45:21And in China came the vampire Shang-Shi. Shang-Shis were strong and vicious. Able to change into
00:45:29a wolf, they would rip the heads or limbs from their prey.
00:45:37In the Aztec culture of Mexico, a blood-drinking vampire bat god met unfortunate souls in the
00:45:47underworld. The Aztecs worshipped these flying mammals. Though they weigh no more than an
00:45:55ounce, in a year's time a colony of 100 bats can consume a quantity of blood equivalent
00:46:02to draining an entire herd of 25 cows.
00:46:08It was evolutionist Charles Darwin who saw their blood-drinking firsthand. He published
00:46:13the first European reports of the vampire bat in 1890, the year Stoker began his research
00:46:21for Dracula.
00:46:28In writing Dracula, Bram Stoker came across an important source of European vampire superstitions.
00:46:36It was a book called Land Beyond the Forest, the English translation of Transylvania.
00:46:46Now contained in the borders of present-day Romania, Transylvania was an isolated country
00:46:52ringed by rugged mountains. Stoker discovered that stories of vampires had been told here
00:46:59for centuries. Since before the Middle Ages, gypsies and peasants told tales of the evil
00:47:06Nosferatu. These undead blood-drinkers were human in appearance. Their bite could turn
00:47:14their victims into vampires like themselves.
00:47:21The vampire stories that originated in Transylvania were stories to explain the unexplainable.
00:47:28Up to Stoker's own time, death and disease were viewed here with ignorance and superstition.
00:47:36Disease hysterias were common. Those thought responsible were branded as vampires, even
00:47:42after they were dead and buried.
00:47:45When somebody was suspect that they were doing some harm to the village or the villagers,
00:47:50they would open the casket, and in those days there was no embalming. And the very process
00:47:56of the decomposition of the body makes the faces bloat, so they look full. Some of the
00:48:03blood backs up from some of the internal organs, so it would be very natural for blood to appear
00:48:10around the mouth. And so, you know, two and two is five. Oh, that person must have been
00:48:17out, you know, feeding upon the living.
00:48:22To ultimately ensure that the vampire could not return, the legend said that the corpse
00:48:28could be decapitated or burned. But there was another method Stoker found in his research
00:48:36that would become the image most identified with keeping the undead where they belong.
00:48:43One of the ways of dealing with the vampire was keeping it in the grave. And one of the
00:48:48ways you kept it in the grave was by pinning it to the ground with a stake. The idea was
00:48:53to keep the body in the ground.
00:48:56As these pagan folktales began to spread throughout the rest of Christian Europe in the 1600s,
00:49:03Christian symbols were enlisted to fight the vampire. Christians did not necessarily believe
00:49:09in the legends of the Nosferatu, but if true, they'd best be ready. The stake to destroy
00:49:15the vampire should be made of oak, the wood from which the cross of Christ was supposedly
00:49:20made. Sacred artifacts like the crucifix should make them helpless.
00:49:27What Christianity could not defeat was the myth itself. Vampires were still blamed for
00:49:34plagues and epidemics. The stories became even more overwhelming when they were connected
00:49:39to people who had a real taste for blood.
00:49:49In combing through vampire lore, Bram Stoker discovered that truth was more gruesome than
00:49:55legend. Such was the case of Elizabeth Bathory, the blood countess.
00:50:04She was born in 1560 into one of Hungary's most powerful families. Her every wish was
00:50:11attended to by her many servants. But in 1604, the young female servants from Elizabeth's
00:50:17castle began to disappear. Some were found in the countryside, completely drained of
00:50:24blood.
00:50:27Local peasants were certain a vampire had invaded their village. The culprit was not
00:50:32a vampire. It was Bathory, a blood taker of a different kind.
00:50:38Basically, she seemed to have had a fetish about blood, believed that bathing in blood
00:50:44would keep her young, and she was a creature who feared growing old.
00:50:51Her bloodlust continued for six years, over which time she tortured and murdered hundreds
00:50:57of young servant girls. Finally, Elizabeth began to run out of servants.
00:51:04Her crimes were discovered after she made the mistake of killing a young noblewoman,
00:51:11and even some members of her own family were involved in the investigation of it.
00:51:19At her trial in 1611, a diary in Elizabeth's own handwriting was presented as evidence.
00:51:26In it, she had recorded the names of the women she slaughtered, over 650 in all.
00:51:36Convicted for her crimes, Elizabeth Bathory was walled up in a room in her own castle.
00:51:42With no windows or doors, and only a small opening for food and air, she remained there,
00:51:50without a drop of blood to bathe in, until her death three years later.
00:51:59As Stoker was about to discover, Elizabeth Bathory's crimes paled in comparison to the
00:52:05man whose appetite for blood was even more gruesome.
00:52:10As In Search of History continues, we'll encounter Stoker's greatest inspiration, the real-life
00:52:17blood drinker who murdered thousands and gave Dracula his name.
00:52:29As his research to write Dracula continued, Bram Stoker began to sketch out sections of
00:52:35his novel. Some elements did not survive. His own handwritten notes indicate he was
00:52:42going to call his book The Undead. His vampire was named Count Vampyr. Other elements would
00:52:50remain intact. Stoker had already begun to make extensive use of the Transylvanian locations
00:52:57he learned so much about. Then he saw red.
00:53:05Stoker came across the accounts of a real blood drinker from Transylvania, a 15th-century
00:53:13despot who was responsible for the murders of tens of thousands of innocent people, Vlod
00:53:20the Impaler. To Stoker, he would be an inhuman inspiration. For his vampire, Vlod would provide
00:53:28Stoker's character a historic bloodline and a new name, Dracula.
00:53:42In 1448, near the end of the Middle Ages, 17-year-old Transylvanian-born Prince Vlod
00:53:50began his first reign of Wallachia. It didn't last long. In Wallachia, being ruler of the
00:53:57empire was a short-term job. Within the borders of contemporary Romania and south of the Transylvanian
00:54:07Alps, Wallachia was a tiny country caught between two of history's mightiest forces.
00:54:15To the east and south, the Turks' Ottoman Empire was on the rise, aggressively pushing
00:54:21its way into Europe. It had just vanquished the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople, its
00:54:27capital, had fallen to the Turks only three years before.
00:54:34To the west and north was Christian Europe, whose leaders were beginning to fear that
00:54:38the Muslim Turks might conquer their empires as well.
00:54:46Wallachian territories were constantly changing hands. Turks frequently raided southern towns
00:54:52despite alliances made with Wallachian leaders. Meanwhile, in the north, the Kingdom of Hungary
00:54:58struggled to gain control of the country. They also made deals with Wallachian leaders
00:55:04or murdered them. The governor of Hungary, John Hunyadi, with the support of Wallachia's
00:55:12elite class, the Boyars, ordered the assassination of Vlad's father, the previous ruler of Wallachia.
00:55:20Then Vlad's brother, who was next in line to the throne, was blinded with red-hot iron
00:55:26stakes and buried alive. Young Vlad took control of the country, but for only two months. He
00:55:34could not consolidate his power and fled. Hungarian-backed Vladislav II became the new
00:55:45prince.
00:55:47Vlad desperately wanted to regain the throne. He wanted a Wallachia free of Hungarian and
00:55:53Turkish intervention. He wanted revenge for the murder of his father and brother.
00:56:01Over time, Wallachia's new prince, to the surprise of his anti-Turk-Hungarian backers,
00:56:08adopted a pro-Turkish policy. After seven years in exile, Vlad was able to get enough
00:56:14support to confront Vladislav II, kill him, and regain the Wallachian throne.
00:56:22Now the real terror began.
00:56:26In the spring of 1456, Prince Vlad, now 25 years old, began the second and longest of
00:56:36his rules. It was time for revenge. Vladislav II was dead, and Hungary's John Hunyadi had
00:56:44just died of the plague. This left the Boyars to be dealt with. He had a special occasion
00:56:51planned for them.
00:56:56Here in Wallachia's capital of Tirgoviste, Prince Vlad held an inaugural celebration
00:57:03at his new palace. He invited 500 Boyars, along with the region's five bishops. After
00:57:10a day of festivities, Prince Vlad ordered all his guests, their spouses, and their attendants
00:57:17impaled.
00:57:24Impalement is a lost art. It's where you stick somebody up on a stake or pole. It's somewhat
00:57:29like crucifixion. It's a terrible way to die. That's ruled by fear. Very effective. It's
00:57:35not very moral, but it kept people in line then.
00:57:44Prince Vlad was going to ensure his current reign lasted longer than his first. The innocent
00:57:50would be slaughtered along with the guilty. His victims would be left as examples for
00:57:56all to see. He would be known by a new name, Sepes, Romanian for impaler. But the ultimate
00:58:07reputation of Vlad Sepes would be based on even greater acts of depravity.
00:58:15While he was dining amid his impaled victims, first he would have the blood from his victims
00:58:20gathered in bowls. Then he would dip the bread in the blood and slurp it down, basically.
00:58:30This was the character that fascinated Bram Stoker, a real blood drinker. Then Stoker
00:58:37found that Vlad the Impaler had another name.
00:58:42He never signed his name Vlad the Impaler, or he never called himself that. Other people
00:58:48may call you the Impaler, but what do you say? Hi there, I'm Vlad the Impaler. Please,
00:58:53give me a break. The enemy calls you that, right? You don't call yourself that. He called
00:58:59himself Vlad Dracula. We have two documents surviving from Sibiu, which is a town in Transylvania
00:59:06where he clearly had his name signed, Vlad Dracula.
00:59:13Vlad the Impaler was the real Dracula. It was a name he inherited from his father, who
00:59:20was christened into a special order to fight the Turks.
00:59:25His father was named Dracul, Vlad Dracul. And that was from the order of the dragon
00:59:30that was given to the father by the Holy Roman Emperor King Sigismund at Nuremberg in the
00:59:36year 1431. And the name Dracula, it's called an eclectic ending, like Ivan Ivanovich, son
00:59:45of Ivan. That means son of Dracul, means son of him who had the order of the dragon.
00:59:55The name so impressed Stoker, he changed his vampire character from vampire to Dracula.
01:00:07When In Search of History returns, we'll learn about the bloody toll the real Dracula took
01:00:13on Wallachia, his shocking years in prison, and the mystery surrounding his death.
01:00:28Thanks to the invention of the movable type printing press in the mid-15th century, stories
01:00:33of Vlad the Impaler's reign of terror circulated throughout Europe. Some included his real
01:00:41name, Dracula. A German pamphlet of the time teased readers with specifics from the real
01:00:50horror story to follow. Here begins a very cruel, frightening story
01:00:58about a wild, bloodthirsty man, Dracula. How he impaled people and roasted them, and with
01:01:06their heads boiled them in a kettle, and how he skinned people and hacked them into pieces
01:01:12like a head of cabbage. European leaders also read the accounts of Vlad's atrocities. Some,
01:01:20like Pope Pius II in Rome, did not approve of his methods, but realized Vlad's importance
01:01:27in holding back the tide of Muslim-Ottoman expansion.
01:01:36By 1461, Dracula's rule encompassed Wallachia and several Transylvanian provinces. Prince
01:01:44Vlad continued to impale his political enemies at home, while his armies, with their guerrilla
01:01:51tactics, successfully attacked Turkish forces much greater in number.
01:02:00Before the year's end, Vlad boldly launched his largest assault against the Turks. Vlad's
01:02:07army of only 30,000 killed over 20,000 Turkish troops in a matter of months. Ottoman Sultan
01:02:15Mohammed II decided to fight back.
01:02:23In the spring of 1462, a full-scale invasion of Wallachia was begun. Prince Vlad was overwhelmed
01:02:31by an army of over 200,000, led by Mohammed II himself.
01:02:40As Vlad's army retreated northward, he left nothing for his enemies to inherit. He burned
01:02:47crops, destroyed livestock, poisoned wells, and set fire to towns.
01:02:55The Turks eventually pushed their way to Turgoviste. Vlad had left his deserted capital in ruins.
01:03:04Most shocking was the gruesome spectacle Vlad had made of his Turkish prisoners captured
01:03:10the year before.
01:03:16What appalled Mohammed the Conqueror was the forests of Impaled, surrounding Turgoviste,
01:03:24where rotting cadavers had been left all summer half-eaten by vultures. And the Sultan allegedly
01:03:31said, and this is a document in Turkish sources, what can one do against a man who does such
01:03:37deeds?
01:03:40Stunned, Mohammed II left Wallachia with most of his army. But by now, Vlad the Impaler's
01:03:49days were numbered.
01:03:53Vlad fled with what remained of his army to Castle Dracula, his fortified stronghold at
01:03:59the foot of the Transylvanian Alps. Here, he made a last stand against a small Turkish
01:04:05force.
01:04:07Before the castle was overrun, he escaped through a secret passage and made his way
01:04:13into Transylvania.
01:04:16Vlad the Impaler's second reign of Wallachia was over. In his six years as ruler, he tortured
01:04:24and murdered over 40,000 innocent men, women, and children in a country whose population
01:04:32was only half a million. He killed an even greater number of Turks.
01:04:40Vlad was finally captured and imprisoned by the new king of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus,
01:04:46son of John Hunyadi.
01:04:50Vlad was held in this fortress tower on the grounds of the king's palace. But even in
01:04:56prison, Vlad the Impaler lived up to his name.
01:05:01While he was in prison, he couldn't give up his bad habits of impalement. Now, he couldn't
01:05:08get humans to impale anymore while he was in prison, so he caught mice and he would
01:05:15torture and impale them. And then he had his jailers buy him birds from the marketplace
01:05:21and he would torture them and impale them.
01:05:26During Vlad's 12 years in prison, Wallachia had again fallen back into pro-Turkish hands.
01:05:34King Matthias was pressured by many of Christian Europe's leaders to release Vlad.
01:05:40The king made a deal with Dracula. In exchange for his freedom, Vlad pledged his loyalty
01:05:46to Matthias and converted to Roman Catholicism, renouncing his Orthodox faith.
01:05:54Vlad Dracula was freed from prison in 1475. With support from Matthias, Vlad made a third
01:06:03run at the Wallachian throne and took power a year later. This reign would last as long
01:06:10as his first.
01:06:13Finally, death caught up with the real Dracula.
01:06:20He was killed in December of 1476. Some accounts say he was assassinated by the country's
01:06:30remaining boyars who could not conceive of another rule by Vlad the Impaler. Others say
01:06:37he was killed by the Turks in battle. In any event, his head was displayed to Mohammed
01:06:44II as proof that the hated Impaler was finally dead.
01:06:51Vlad Dracula's headless body was brought to a remote monastery near the town of Snagov.
01:06:58He had personally chosen the church here to be his final resting place.
01:07:05During his second reign, Prince Vlad built five such monasteries in Wallachia. Even though
01:07:14he regularly murdered religious leaders whom he didn't trust, he was still concerned about
01:07:20the salvation of his soul.
01:07:26But Dracula's evil soul could never be cleansed.
01:07:35Tradition has it that he was buried in a crypt right in front of the altars. When the priest
01:07:41would step over the grave during the liturgy, it would kind of absolve him of his many sins.
01:07:50The saga of the real Dracula does not die here. In 1931, an expedition led by the Romanian
01:07:59government excavated Dracula's tomb.
01:08:03But when that grave was opened up, the crypt stone taken off, casket and body were missing.
01:08:12Animal bones were found in the grave, not the bones of a human being.
01:08:21The real Dracula did survive the grave. Bram Stoker not only immortalized his name, he
01:08:30used his life in his novel. In the book, Dracula proudly talked about an ancestor from Transylvania.
01:08:39The description closely followed the real Dracula's fight against the Turks.
01:08:46Stoker's Dracula was complete, with a bloodline that ran through all the history he discovered.
01:08:53Part myth in the vampire folklore of centuries past, and part fact in the form of Vlad the Impaler.
01:09:02Stoker's Dracula was the total vampire.
01:09:07When In Search of History continues, we'll discover how Romania today reveres Dracula
01:09:14as a national hero, and learn the final fate of Bram Stoker.
01:09:25While Bram Stoker's Dracula became one of the most enduring works of modern literature,
01:09:31he never knew of its astonishing success.
01:09:34Number 8 of the 17 books Stoker wrote, it never made any money in his lifetime.
01:09:43Immediately after its publication, Stoker produced a stage version of Dracula.
01:09:49It was a dismal failure. It opened and closed on the same night.
01:09:55In 1912, an exhausted Stoker died in obscurity and poverty at the age of 64.
01:10:02At his request, he was cremated, not buried.
01:10:10Ironically, it would be the stage that would resurrect Dracula.
01:10:15In 1927, a newly adapted version opened to the public.
01:10:21In 1927, a newly adapted version opened on Broadway.
01:10:26In it, Dracula lost his grotesque physical appearance and put on a tuxedo.
01:10:32This time, it was a resounding success.
01:10:36Its star was Bela Lugosi.
01:10:42Lugosi starred in the film version four years later.
01:10:46Dracula would go on to become the most frequently adapted literary work in motion picture history.
01:10:53The 1992 version, directed by Francis Coppola,
01:10:57was a box office hit, grossing over $192 million worldwide.
01:11:05The image of Dracula was used to attract, not repel.
01:11:09It appeared on hundreds of consumer goods, from toys to snack foods.
01:11:16The book itself would become a phenomenon.
01:11:20Published around the world, the novel has been translated into over 50 languages.
01:11:28In Romania today, the real Dracula is still called Vlad Tepes in official government records.
01:11:35He is not looked on as a vicious tyrant, but as a national hero for his fight against the Turks.
01:11:42At the National Military Museum in Bucharest, a set of his armor is on display.
01:11:51In the Borgo Pass of Transylvania, where Bram Stoker's novel begins and ends,
01:11:57there is now the Hotel Castle Dracula.
01:12:01Inside, you can buy a fifth of homemade Dracula vodka.
01:12:13At its core, Dracula is more than a good horror story,
01:12:18and more than the brutal Prince of Wallachia.
01:12:22Bram Stoker wrote about raw human urges and desires that are shared by most.
01:12:29Dracula does everything we're told we cannot do these days.
01:12:34Dracula can freely expose himself to blood.
01:12:37Dracula can be as promiscuously sexual as he chooses.
01:12:41Dracula as wealth, power, eternal youth,
01:12:46instant hypnotic control over the opposite sex or the same sex.
01:12:51A castle in Europe, a great wardrobe.
01:12:55I mean, it's the American dream.
01:13:04The price Stoker's Dracula paid for his power was great.
01:13:09But the allure of that power is one that will haunt mankind forever.
01:13:14The one that can be found in the darkest corners of our hearts.
01:13:18That's why the story of Dracula will never die.
01:13:23That's what Bram Stoker discovered when he went in search of history.