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00:001948, a year when history changed forever.
00:05On one side, the state of Israel was born, and on the other, hundreds of thousands of
00:11Palestinians were displaced.
00:14Israelis say, if the Palestinians had accepted the UN proposal, today, two states could have
00:20coexisted peacefully.
00:23But why didn't the Arab countries accept that proposal?
00:27Why were they defeated?
00:29Why is the Palestinian crisis still unresolved?
00:33Let's turn back the pages of history, and uncover the full story of the birth of Israel
00:39and the defeat of the Arabs.
00:42How the state of Israel was created by pushing the Arabs away
00:47Two miles north of Gaza, Palestine, is the Kibbutz area.
00:51In the 1930s, Jews from Poland set up agricultural farms there.
00:56Right next to them lived Palestinian Arabs.
00:59The Arabs had been living on that land for centuries.
01:02At that time, the relationship between Muslims and Jews was fairly friendly.
01:06But, in the 1930s, the Palestinians began to realize they were slowly losing their land.
01:13Jews started coming in groups and buying land.
01:16At the time of Israel's establishment, nearly 700,000 Palestinians were displaced.
01:21They thought they would return home once the issue was resolved.
01:25But Israel never gave them the chance to return.
01:29Former Israeli President Shimon Peri said,
01:31Why should we apologize for their mistake?
01:44Since 1897, the Jews had wanted to establish a separate state.
01:49From 1917 to 1948, Palestine was under British control.
01:56In 1917, Britain captured Jerusalem from the Ottomans.
02:01British Foreign Secretary Lord Balfour wrote a letter to Jewish leader Rothschild.
02:06This letter is known as the Balfour Declaration.
02:09It promised the Jews a homeland in Palestine.
02:12The growing anti-Jewish sentiment in Europe increased their desire for a state.
02:17In 1933, Hitler began persecuting Jews.
02:21Thousands of Jews started fleeing to Palestine.
02:24Palestinian Arabs realized their existence was under threat.
02:28They rebelled, targeting British soldiers and Jewish civilians.
02:32But the British harshly suppressed the rebellion.
02:35Divisions arose within the Arab society.
02:38Meanwhile, Jews began preparing to establish a state.
02:42Britain wanted to stay close to both Arabs and Jews.
02:45In 1939, Britain announced that 75,000 Jewish immigrants could come in the next five years.
02:52Jews were outraged by this decision.
02:54They planned to fight both Hitler and Britain.
02:5732,000 Jews joined the British army.
03:00They received military training.
03:02Later, these Jewish soldiers fought against both the Arabs and the British.
03:07During World War II, Hitler killed millions of Jews.
03:11After the war, a new reality emerged.
03:14Where would the surviving Jews go?
03:16Then U.S. President Truman wanted to quickly allow 100,000 Jews to settle in Palestine.
03:22Britain feared this would lead to civil war.
03:24Jewish armed groups began attacking British forces.
03:27Meanwhile, ships loaded with Jews started arriving from Europe.
03:31British attempts to stop them failed.
03:34International pressure increased.
03:36Palestine took the issue to the United Nations.
03:39In November 1947, the U.N. announced.
03:43Palestine would be divided into two states, one for Jews, one for Arabs.
03:48Jews owned only 10% of the land, but were given nearly 50%.
03:53The Arabs refused to accept this.
03:55They rejected the U.N.'s decision.
03:58The Jews celebrated victory.
04:00The Arabs realized they had no choice but to fight.
04:03Riots broke out.
04:05Jews had secret arms factories.
04:07Their leadership was united and strong.
04:09On the other hand, the Arabs had no coordinated leadership.
04:13The Jews were already prepared for war.
04:16Jerusalem was the main objective for both sides.
04:19The U.N. had said Jerusalem would be under international control.
04:25But no one accepted that.
04:27In March 1948, the Jews launched counterattacks on the Arabs.
04:32Then, Palestinians began fleeing in large numbers.
04:37The brutality of Jewish groups instilled fear in the Arabs.
04:41The Palestinian resistance gradually collapsed.
04:44Jordan, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq came under pressure.
04:50They stepped in to support the Palestinians.
04:53On May 14, 1948, Britain withdrew.
04:58That night, the State of Israel was declared.
05:01Within an hour, five Arab countries attacked Israel.
05:05They had 30,000 troops, while Israel had 35,000.
05:10But the Arabs had no coordination among themselves.
05:14Fierce battles were fought over Jerusalem.
05:16The Israelis retreated.
05:18Their weapons ran out.
05:20Then, the United Nations declared a ceasefire.
05:23Israel then received modern weapons from Czechoslovakia.
05:27After the ceasefire, Israel resumed attacks on the Arabs.
05:30They captured one important area after another.
05:34Israel established full control over Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.
05:37The war paused with the U.N.'s second ceasefire.
05:41But the fighting wasn't truly over.
05:43Between 1947 and 1949, 6,000 Jews were killed.
05:48They believed, if they had lost, the Arabs would have wiped them out.
05:53Israelis believe, if Palestinians had accepted the U.N. proposal, then today, both states could
06:00have coexisted peacefully.
06:02The lack of trust among the Arabs was the main reason for their defeat in 1948.
06:07That's what history says.
06:18The children of Israel
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