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GenX-Education
  • 7/19/2024
Transcript
00:00Hi kids, today we will learn about properties of different states of matter.
00:08So let's get started.
00:12We know everything around us is made up of one or the other form of matter.
00:20Different forms of matter are solid, liquid, and gaseous form.
00:27Let's first learn about properties of matter.
00:32Matter mainly has two properties, mass and volume.
00:38Mass is the amount of matter in it and volume is the amount of space that it occupies.
00:46Now let's learn about the properties of different forms of matter.
00:52Specific mass.
00:58Solids have a specific mass, that is, the amount of matter in it, and is mostly measured
01:05in grams or kg.
01:09For example, pencil is a solid form of matter and its mass or weight is about 4 grams.
01:19So solids have a specific mass.
01:24Its mass will remain 4 grams unless you sharpen it or reduce it anyhow.
01:33Second property is specific shape.
01:37Solids have a specific shape.
01:40Pencil, a cupboard, a tumbler are all examples of solid forms of matter.
01:48They have specific mass.
01:51We just learned they also have a specific shape.
01:56That is, if you have a pencil, you keep it anywhere.
02:01Its shape will not change.
02:04It has a specific shape.
02:08It will not change its shape unless you apply some force to it.
02:13That is, if you sharpen it, it will become smaller.
02:17But otherwise, its shape doesn't change no matter where you keep it.
02:24Similarly, all solids have specific shape and specific mass.
02:34There is little or no space between particles of solids.
02:39And the particles just cannot move, so that is why solids do not change their shape on
02:46their own.
02:50Next property is specific volume.
02:54Solids have specific volume.
02:56That is, the amount of space they occupy does not change no matter wherever you place them.
03:05The same pencil you place anywhere, it will occupy the same space.
03:11It will not happen that any particular place it is occupying less space or any place it's
03:18occupying more space, but it will always occupy the same space.
03:24So it has specific volume.
03:29So we learned solids have specific shape, mass, and volume.
03:38Now let's learn properties of liquids.
03:44First of all, liquids do not have a specific shape like solids.
03:53Solids have a fluid flow, and you can pour them in any container, and they take up the
03:59shape of that container.
04:03If there is some water in a glass container, its shape is same as that of the glass container.
04:11If you pour the same water in a bowl, its shape will be same as that of the bowl.
04:18If you pour it in a jug, it will take the shape of the jug.
04:24See why liquids can flow or can change their shape.
04:29The molecules of liquids have some free space between them, and so is why they can move.
04:37So that is why liquids can flow opposite to solids.
04:43The molecules in solids have little or no space between them, and the particles cannot
04:49move.
04:52Solids does not change their shape, and liquids can change their shape.
04:58This is why water or any liquid has no shape of its own.
05:05They just take on the shape of the container.
05:10Now their next property.
05:13Liquids have fixed volume, just like solids.
05:20Liquids keep their same volume, that is, if you have 250 ml of water, if you pour it in
05:28a 1 liter container, it will remain 250 ml of water.
05:35If you pour 250 ml of water in a 500 ml container, it will remain 250 ml of water.
05:46That is, the volume of water does not change.
05:50Now let's learn the next property of water.
05:54Liquids have fixed mass.
05:57The weight of a given amount of liquid remains the same, no matter which container you pour
06:04it in.
06:07If you have 1 liter of any liquid, it will remain a liter of liquid, no matter in which
06:13container you pour it into.
06:17So we learned liquids have fixed volume, fixed mass, but not fixed shape.
06:26Now let's learn properties of another state of matter, that is, gaseous state.
06:34Gases do not have specific shape and volume.
06:40Gases spread out to fill up the shape and volume of a container.
06:48Take two balloons of different shapes.
06:51Now fill them with the same amount of air.
06:56Air will take the shape of the balloon it is filled into.
06:59And when you let the air out of the balloon, the gas is spread out in the surrounding air.
07:05So air does not have any definite shape or volume of its own.
07:10It takes up the shape of its container and fills the volume of its container.
07:18Take a bottle of room freshener and spray it in your room.
07:23Now you can smell it anywhere in the room.
07:27That is because there was a gas in the bottle of the room freshener that spread out.
07:34So gases do not have any fixed volume.
07:38They just spread out.
07:40Now you may go ahead and take a quiz to learn more.
07:43Bye-bye.