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Transcript

00:00A blood-sucking vampire haunting a decaying cemetery, creepy clowns abducting children

00:10into the woods, and a video game so dangerous it could kill you.

00:18Have you ever been warned about conjuring an angry spirit by repeating the words

00:22Bloody Mary in front of a mirror?

00:25Or maybe you've considered the possibility of a giant beast named Bigfoot.

00:32These are just a few examples of modern mythology called urban legends.

00:39For centuries, humans have told extraordinary tales of mystical creatures and supernatural events.

00:46And today, we continue the tradition by sharing stories of things like creepy encounters

00:53and cursed objects in, inhuman entities.

01:00Where do these urban legends come from?

01:05And could they be true?

01:08Well, that is what we'll try and find out.

01:11It is said that aspects of what make us human are the capacity for abstract thought, moral reasoning, and creative expression,

01:35which may explain our habit of sharing outrageous stories that make us question the nature of reality itself.

01:43Might the legendary Bigfoot wander the Pacific Northwest?

01:49Could Area 51 be hiding extraterrestrial secrets?

01:53Or are there places where you can really stumble upon a portal to hell?

02:00These are but a few of the countless questions raised by the thrilling tales we call urban legends.

02:11An urban legend is a modern folk tale, and we tell them for the reasons that people have always told folk tales.

02:17They are there to entertain.

02:19They are there to horrify us.

02:21A good urban legend is based on being plausible, or nearly plausible, but also very unexpected and unusual.

02:30And the best ones tend to work because they're not something that can be easily verified.

02:34I think that's part of the appeal.

02:36We are attracted to the mystery.

02:39Urban legends come out of nowhere and spread very, very quickly.

02:42A lot of these legends are about scary things.

02:46Monsters, ghosts, horrible things that could go wrong.

02:50People are expressing their fears.

02:52So there could be somebody saying they saw something strange in a particular area.

02:57And then these stories become repeated, sometimes embellished, oftentimes kind of made more and more compelling as time goes on.

03:04The real heyday of urban legends was the 1970s and the 1980s.

03:10The legends circulating at that time were stories like The Vanishing Hitchhiker,

03:15which is about the motorist who drives past a young woman on the side of the road, and she asks for a ride.

03:23And when he gets to the destination, she's gone.

03:25Usually he finds out that a young woman died at that exact curve in the road some years before, and this happens regularly.

03:34When I think of urban legends, I definitely think about the story of the teenage couple making out in the car,

03:40and then, you know, being accosted by someone with a hook hand and murdering them.

03:44There will always be legends we can't fully explain.

03:47I think that part of human curiosity is that we want to believe in the unknown.

03:52While some urban legends seem too far-fetched to be true,

03:55there are, in fact, stories whose origins are shockingly real.

04:02Urban legends could be based on some sort of true event,

04:06and it got perhaps exaggerated, or the names and places were changed.

04:10One example is that there are urban legends about alligators that have gotten flushed down the toilet as babies

04:16and now live in the sewers and eat sewer workers.

04:20Alligators living in the sewers.

04:23Now, that urban legend caught fire because people really were bringing home baby alligators.

04:29So it evolves from there.

04:31You start to think, well, if that happens, then this can happen.

04:34So a baby alligator suddenly becomes a giant killer out in the sewers.

04:38The fun thing about urban legends is they often overlap with reality.

04:44Maybe worries about pollution or government testing could be expressed in contemporary legends

04:49about mutant creatures that have grown up around these testing sites.

04:53We know that radiation does cause mutations.

04:56We've seen this with Chernobyl.

04:58These are real concerns on real contemporary issues that people express very often in these narrative forms.

05:04Are urban legends just modern-day fairy tales meant to entertain the human psyche?

05:12Or could they be a kind of warning to protect us from the strange and unknown world around us?

05:18Perhaps the answer lies with one seemingly impossible tale

05:22about how a human being can suddenly erupt into flames.

05:29Spontaneous human combustion is the urban legend

05:32that through some chemical reaction,

05:35the human body will spontaneously burst into flames,

05:39leaving the person nothing more than a mound of ash.

05:43The belief that you can spontaneously combust goes back hundreds of years.

05:50In the 1800s, some of our most popular writers talked about spontaneous human combustion.

05:56We have to wonder, what is it about spontaneous human combustion

06:10that has made it such an enduring legend over these centuries?

06:17Galway, Ireland, December 22, 2010.

06:20Authorities rushed to the home of 76-year-old retiree Michael Faraday.

06:27Once inside, they're faced with a tragic scene.

06:31Please be advised, some images may be disturbing.

06:37Inside Mr. Faraday's home, it was said that his body was burned badly,

06:42as was the ceiling above him and the floor beneath him.

06:45Accelerants were searched for, thinking this might be a case of arson.

06:50Accelerants were not found, so that was ruled out.

06:54The medical examiner was Dr. McLaughlin.

06:58After nine months of investigating the case,

07:00he declared it to be, remarkably,

07:03death by spontaneous human combustion.

07:06What the first responders found in answering the call at the Faraday residence

07:10was a mystery then, and remains a mystery to this day.

07:16The coroner decides that this spark has come from within the body.

07:20It couldn't be from anything else.

07:22It has to have come from within.

07:24We'd like to think that if there's a fire, there's a way for us to get away.

07:27But the idea that the fire is in us,

07:30that is really kind of scary, I think, to everyone.

07:32The thought that a human being can mysteriously burst into flames is truly alarming.

07:39But what could have led this coroner to deliver such a bizarre diagnosis?

07:45Well, as with many urban legends,

07:47this strange event seems to have happened more than once.

07:53One of the better-known cases of spontaneous human combustion

07:57occurred to Mary Hardy Reeser in July 1951.

08:02Photos showed two firemen shoveling up her ash and remains.

08:06The entire pile of ash weighed about eight pounds,

08:10a remarkable weight reduction overnight.

08:13More remarkable was the lack of fire and heat damage to surrounding materials,

08:18including daybed linen only a few feet from the fire scene.

08:22This mystified the local St. Petersburg police and fire departments,

08:27so mystifying that the police department kept as an open file

08:31that is onslaught.

08:33That's how extreme this fire scene was in trying to explain it.

08:38Remarkably, over the last three centuries,

08:40there have been around 200 reports of people allegedly bursting into flames.

08:45And until we can properly understand this medical mystery,

08:49spontaneous human combustion will remain an urban legend that continues to smolder.

08:57The existence of the legend, I don't think, is a mystery at all.

09:03Spontaneous human combustion has been consistently reported time and again

09:08in different literary means, reported by doctors, reported by police officers.

09:13These are authoritative accounts.

09:16And it really put spontaneous human combustion into the category of a weird thing that keeps happening.

09:26How many times do we need to see a human body disintegrate into ash to wonder what's going on here?

09:33Highgate Cemetery, London, England.

09:41This sprawling Victorian-era graveyard is the final resting place of around 170,000 people.

09:50It was first consecrated in 1839 as part of a plan to create seven new cemeteries in London.

09:57Its age and unique design create an otherworldly space where the living and the dead come to meet.

10:08Highgate Cemetery was first laid out in the mid-19th century.

10:13There's avenues and there's circles and there's winding paths and you can get very lost there.

10:22It's a very creepy place because the Victorians were obsessed with death and they loved creating necropolises and that was one of them.

10:34There's so many kind of spooky, dark, moth-covered columns and tombs.

10:40You always do feel that there's just something lurking around the corner, if not behind a headstone, waiting to jump out at you.

10:49While Highgate's Victorian monuments to the dead create a spooky impression,

10:56the cemetery is perhaps most famous for being the home of a monstrous urban legend.

11:02It is said that this old graveyard is the haven of a bloodthirsty creature known as the Highgate Vampire.

11:11In 1970, there were rumours that circulated that a vampire had been seen in the cemetery.

11:20The Highgate Vampire story happens at a time when there's a lot of interest in the occult, in horror.

11:29You've got the Hammer horror films in the cinemas.

11:31There's the Dracula series with Christopher Lee playing the vampire and really that kind of feeds into the public consciousness.

11:41But I defy you to go to Highgate Cemetery and not feel a sense of fear.

11:47If there's going to be a vampire anywhere, it's going to be in Highgate Cemetery.

11:51The vampire tradition is a very old tradition in Europe.

11:56Now, the traditional vampire is a loathsome, repelling creature, someone who is so evil and rotten in their soul that when they die and you bury them, their soul is not going to leave that body.

12:07Their soul is going to get up with that body and then go terrorize the local communities and drink people's blood.

12:13A Highgate Vampire is a combination of things that emerged around the late 1960s and 1970s around Highgate Cemetery.

12:24There are accounts of an evil presence that people claim to have seen and you've got a real sort of panic on your hands.

12:31Could a vampire really be terrorizing Highgate Cemetery?

12:36What would cause people to even consider such a claim?

12:39In 1969, there had been some pretty serious vandalism and grave desecrations going on in Highgate.

12:47It was not uncommon to find bodies that had been dragged out of their coffins and left lying in the path.

12:53You have rumors of Satanism.

12:56David Ferrant ran a group called the British Psychic and Occult Society.

13:01So he was interested in all kinds of supernatural topics.

13:05So David Ferrant decided to do a sort of investigation.

13:08He did an all-night vigil in the cemetery.

13:12And he said that while he was doing this, he saw a dark figure moving across the cemetery.

13:18It was about seven feet tall.

13:20And when this sort of shadowy figure looked at him, he was hypnotized by its eyes.

13:26He felt paralyzed.

13:27So after having this encounter, he eventually wrote the local newspaper and said,

13:32I have seen this mysterious specter in Highgate Cemetery.

13:36Has anybody else seen this?

13:39And it turned out lots of people had seen strange things in the cemetery.

13:43And all the rumors about a vampire began to accumulate.

13:47There are accounts of these vampires being seven feet tall, that they have red eyes,

13:52that people are seeing these crypts that have been opened,

13:56and they see these bodies that don't look alive.

13:59They don't look dead.

13:59They look somewhere in between.

14:01And so clearly something's happening.

14:03Could the tales of frightening encounters with a red-eyed vampire

14:10be the result of an overactive imagination?

14:14Or was there something truly sinister going on at the century-old cemetery?

14:19In 1970, another brave soul believed he found the source of the unholy activity happening at Highgate.

14:31Sean Manchester presented himself as a Christian occultist,

14:35much in the style of Dr. Van Helsing from the Dracula movies.

14:40So Sean Manchester said, I know what's really going on at Highgate.

14:43He said it is a king vampire from Wallachia.

14:47Wallachia is a principality in what today is Romania

14:50that was once ruled by Vlad Tepes, better known as Dracula.

14:55And he said this king vampire was brought here sometime in the 1700s,

15:00and it's dormant beneath the cemetery.

15:03And he also claimed that all of this vandalism that's occurring in the cemetery,

15:07it's the satanic cult, and it's performing these powerful rituals in the cemetery at night

15:12for the purpose of resurrecting this king vampire.

15:16A king vampire being resurrected by a satanic cult sounds more like a frightening campfire tale than the truth.

15:25And yet, in March of 1970, on Friday the 13th,

15:32this story would become forever ingrained in modern folklore.

15:38The Highgate vampire story escalates once it gets to the national media,

15:44and they broadcast that there was going to be a sort of an exorcism of this thing in Highgate Cemetery on Friday the 13th, of course.

15:53And once that's on the news, two hours later, a mob essentially forms up.

15:58Highgate Cemetery is swamped with amateur vampire hunters.

16:01Apparently, the police are there. They can't hold them back.

16:03They kind of swarm over the gates of the cemetery, hunting for this vampire.

16:09It was reported that around 100 people went hunting for the Highgate vampire.

16:15But the fabled creature was never found.

16:17And while skeptics are quick to dismiss the idea of a bloodthirsty demon that roams the cemetery,

16:24like many urban legends, it seems that something strange really was happening.

16:32The question is, what was it?

16:34There were definitely very strange things going on in Highgate.

16:38In addition to vandalism with pseudo-satanic rituals,

16:44one detail that's often ignored is that there were a lot of dead foxes found at the cemetery,

16:49supposedly drained of blood.

16:51We still don't know what killed these foxes.

16:54So this is often how urban legends form,

16:57at the intersection of unexplainable phenomena

17:00and then folklore rushing in to build a story about that mystery.

17:08Was there really a vampire prowling the grounds of Highgate Cemetery?

17:12Or was it a case of mass hysteria?

17:16Perhaps the answer may be found by examining another famous urban legend

17:21about mysterious figures that lurk in the shadows,

17:26known as the Men in Black.

17:30Since the 1940s,

17:35both sightings and strange encounters with unidentified flying objects

17:40have sparked countless urban legends

17:44of close encounters with extraterrestrial beings,

17:49civilian abductions and testing on alien space crowds,

17:54and livestock found mutilated as the result of otherworldly entities.

17:59The legend of the Men in Black is that ever since the dawn of the UFO age

18:13in the late 1940s,

18:15UFO witnesses have been silenced,

18:18have been threatened,

18:20and have even possibly been physically harmed

18:22by the Men in Black in their pursuit of the truth behind what UFOs might be.

18:30These figures are usually considered to be agents of any number of government agencies,

18:37but there are others who believe that the Men in Black might be agents

18:41of an organization that is so deeply hidden within our government

18:45that we don't even know its name.

18:48The Men in Black usually show up after someone's seen a UFO

18:52or seen some sort of strange light in the sky.

18:54They try to dissuade them from talking about the UFO.

18:57So sometimes they take any evidence that people have of the UFOs,

19:02including pieces of it or photographs,

19:07and they strongly encourage them not to talk about them.

19:11Is there really a top-secret government agency

19:15that employs mysterious agents to suppress extraterrestrial secrets?

19:20Perhaps the answer can be found by examining the origin

19:23of this long-standing urban legend

19:26and the tale of a prominent ufologist from the 1950s

19:31named Albert K. Bender.

19:34Albert K. Bender is really the origin of the Men in Black legend.

19:40He worked for the Air Force during World War II,

19:43but by the 1950s,

19:44he started something called the International Flying Saucer Bureau,

19:48and it published a newsletter called the Space Review.

19:52In 1953, in the Space Review, he wrote,

19:57I've discovered the secret of the flying saucers.

19:59I know what the flying saucers really are,

20:02and I'm going to tell the public.

20:04But he never did tell the public.

20:06Instead, he shuttered the International Flying Saucer Bureau

20:10and stopped investigating UFOs.

20:14What would compel Albert Bender to suddenly go silent?

20:18Well, nearly a decade after his strange change of heart in 1962,

20:23Bender shared an unsettling explanation in his book

20:26titled Flying Saucers and the Three Men.

20:31What Bender eventually said was,

20:34these three men in black came to my house.

20:36And they said, we know what you've been doing.

20:38You're getting too close to the truth.

20:40You need to stop talking about this right now,

20:42or there's going to be serious consequences.

20:43They acted as if they were from the government,

20:47that they were very frightening.

20:48When the men in black initially contacted him,

20:53Bender claimed he felt the temperature in the room drop.

20:57He got an excruciating headache and heard a voice telling him

21:02to not delve any more deeply into the flying saucer mystery.

21:07And it terrified Bender so much that he was completely happy

21:12to shut down his flying saucer organization

21:15and to refuse to talk about the topic even to his closest friends.

21:21Did men in black with strange powers really scare Albert Bender into silence?

21:27While skeptics dismiss the claims as pure urban legend,

21:31many have wondered,

21:34why do stories of men in black still persist?

21:39In the summer of 2008,

21:42residents outside of Needles, California,

21:44saw something shooting through their sky.

21:47It looked like a long cylinder.

21:49It was covered in a turquoise blue flame.

21:53And it crashed on the side of the Colorado River.

21:59And a matter of moments later,

22:01big sky copters came with a crane,

22:05removing whatever debris had crashed there.

22:09The next day,

22:11townsfolk noticed strange men in black looking government officials in town.

22:17They were intimidating witnesses

22:19that it would be to their best interest

22:22if they did not speak about what they had seen.

22:25The Needles crash in 2008

22:27contains many of modern day tropes

22:29of what we think of men in black.

22:32Who were the strange men

22:34allegedly intimidating residents of Needles, California?

22:38Well, according to urban legend,

22:40these mysterious beings might not even be men at all.

22:44There are several things that witnesses have experienced

22:50that have led people to believe

22:51that the men in black could be extraterrestrial in origin.

22:55They act like creatures

22:57who maybe have learned how to behave like humans

23:01from monitoring our mass media.

23:05Are these government officials?

23:07Are they extradimensional creatures?

23:09Are they some combination of the above?

23:13We don't know that.

23:14But there's a kernel of truth

23:16at the heart of the men in black legend.

23:19Ever since the beginning of the flying saucer age

23:22in the late 1940s,

23:24there have been persistent reports

23:27of men dressed in black

23:29threatening, intimidating,

23:31or otherwise silencing UFO witnesses.

23:36This is a real story.

23:40Are the rumored men in black

23:42covering up the existence of UFOs?

23:45And who are they, really?

23:48When it comes to urban legends,

23:50the fact is that you can't always trust

23:53your eyes and ears.

23:55Like in the case of a rash of creepy clown sightings

24:00that swept the United States in 2016

24:03before spreading across the entire world.

24:11Green Bay, Wisconsin, August 2016.

24:16Authorities are inundated with calls

24:18as freaked out residents

24:20report a strange figure prowling the streets.

24:23And what they describe seeing

24:25is a disturbing presence

24:28of a very unusual kind.

24:31On August 1st, 2016,

24:34people in the Green Bay area

24:36start seeing this mysterious clown

24:39that's haunting the streets,

24:40seems to be lurking.

24:42And that clown is absolutely terrifying.

24:44It is a white-faced clown,

24:46but then you've got smudged,

24:48creepy accents around the eyes and the mouth.

24:50He's holding this bouquet of black balloons.

24:54Suddenly everyone is talking about this clown

24:56that seems to be haunting the streets

24:58of Green Bay, Wisconsin.

24:59This menacing clown

25:02was later revealed

25:03to be part of a marketing stunt

25:04for a new horror film.

25:06But it seemed to have sparked

25:08something very strange to happen

25:10when similar reports

25:12of creepy clowns

25:14started popping up everywhere.

25:17Later that month,

25:18we were getting reports

25:19from other places.

25:21Greenville, South Carolina,

25:22children were reporting clowns

25:24at the edge of the woods,

25:26offering them money

25:27to follow them into the forest.

25:29And that fear,

25:31that anxiety catches on.

25:33And thanks to the internet,

25:34it spreads around the world

25:36in a matter of days or even hours.

25:40Now we get images,

25:42videos,

25:43parents are freaking out,

25:45police stations are getting phone calls,

25:46they're hearing about predators

25:47in the environment

25:48dressed as clowns.

25:50And people tried to figure out

25:53whether that's a real genuine threat

25:55or whether that's someone

25:57setting up an elaborate hoax.

26:00The creepy clown craze of 2016

26:02was this remarkable moment

26:04in pop culture history.

26:06At last count,

26:0719 different countries

26:08had their own clown sightings

26:10within that period.

26:10It bears all those earmarks

26:13of really good folklore,

26:15really good urban legend

26:16because this taps

26:18into that same existing fear

26:19about traveling into the woods

26:20by yourself

26:21and protecting children.

26:22But now it's got this extra

26:24level of absurdity,

26:26level of creepiness

26:27with a clown being the threat

26:29that's emerging

26:30from the woods for the kids.

26:32Is there any truth

26:33to the urban legend

26:34that there are dangerous madmen

26:36in clown costumes

26:38seeking to harm our children?

26:39What it sounds like

26:41the stuff of nightmares,

26:43reports of sightings

26:44of creepy clowns

26:46evoke a mass hysteria.

26:48Oh my God.

26:50What's even more bizarre

26:50about this whole thing

26:51is that it's not even

26:52the first scary clown craze

26:54to happen.

26:55Going all the way back

26:57to 1981,

26:58in the Boston area,

26:59this is the first time

27:00we really see

27:01a widespread clown

27:02sighting children

27:04saying that they saw

27:05a clown approach them

27:06in a van

27:06and then immediately disappear

27:08before any kind of

27:09police could make it

27:10to the scene on time.

27:11And it's important to note

27:12that no clown ever

27:13was found

27:14at this particular clown hunt.

27:20In 1981,

27:22reports of creepy clowns

27:23also appeared in Omaha,

27:25Kansas City,

27:25Denver, Providence,

27:26and Pittsburgh.

27:28But thankfully,

27:29there was no real evidence

27:30that clowns

27:31were abducting children.

27:32But based on the sheer terror

27:36that these reports

27:37inspired,

27:37it begs the question,

27:39how have we become

27:42so afraid of clowns?

27:46Nothing in modern pop culture

27:49has changed more than clowns.

27:52In the 1800s,

27:54with the height of the circus,

27:56the clowns were the most

27:57popular performers.

27:58They were the A-list celebrities.

28:01They were the ones

28:02that everyone went

28:03to the circus to see.

28:05They entertained us,

28:06made us laugh.

28:10But today,

28:11pop culture

28:12has portrayed clowns

28:15as evil beings.

28:16From Pennywise

28:18and Stephen King's

28:19It,

28:19to killer clowns

28:21from outer space,

28:22to Batman's nemesis,

28:25the Joker.

28:25They have painted them

28:27as things

28:28that are sinister,

28:29creepy,

28:30and possibly deadly.

28:33While evil clowns

28:34have certainly become

28:35part of the popular culture,

28:37tragically,

28:38the urban legend

28:39became all too real

28:40in the 1970s

28:41with a serial killer

28:43named

28:44John Wayne Gacy.

28:47John Wayne Gacy

28:48is one of the most

28:50infamous serial killers

28:51in American history.

28:52He murdered

28:53many teen

28:54or very young boys,

28:56would lure them

28:57back to his home

28:58and then murder them

28:59and bury them

29:00under his house.

29:02And when he's arrested,

29:03it kind of comes to light

29:04that he also happened

29:05to moonlight

29:06as a clown

29:07for local hospitals.

29:09John Wayne Gacy

29:10was a serial killer

29:12who had a persona

29:13called Pogo the Clown.

29:15So this really cemented

29:17into the American consciousness

29:18that there really is

29:20such a thing

29:21as a killer clown

29:22and that people

29:23who dress as clowns,

29:25they may only be

29:26performing as a clown

29:27so that they can have

29:28access to children.

29:31John Wayne Gacy's

29:32alter ego,

29:34Pogo the Clown,

29:35is a grim reminder

29:36that a dangerous madman

29:38could be hiding

29:39under a layer

29:40of grease paint.

29:42One of the things

29:43that always lingers

29:45for me

29:45with the creepy clown craze

29:48was

29:48who were

29:50the actual clowns?

29:53The people

29:54standing outside

29:55elementary schools,

29:56standing under streetlights

29:58at night,

29:59we never got

29:59the follow-up stories.

30:01And that tells us

30:02something about

30:03the creepy clown craze.

30:05We weren't looking

30:06for answers.

30:07We were looking

30:07to be scared.

30:08Is it possible

30:12that we're in

30:13for another wave

30:14of creepy clown sightings

30:16in the future?

30:18Or is the phenomenon

30:19just an elaborate hoax?

30:22Perhaps I don't tell.

30:24However,

30:24there is another

30:26urban legend

30:27that's been a mystery

30:28for more than

30:28185 years.

30:31It's the story

30:32of a demonic entity

30:33that terrorized London,

30:36known as

30:37Spring-Heeled Jack.

30:43London, England.

30:45February 19th,

30:471838.

30:49Around 9 p.m.,

30:50an 18-year-old

30:52Jane Osso,

30:53a young woman

30:54born into

30:55Victorian high society,

30:57hears a rattle

30:58outside her front door.

31:01She looks outside

31:02and sees

31:03a mysterious figure

31:05who identifies himself

31:06as a policeman

31:07and asks her

31:09for assistance.

31:11Believing him,

31:12she opens her door

31:13and very soon,

31:15she'll wish

31:16she hadn't.

31:19He's kind of

31:20wrapped in this cloak

31:21and he says

31:22he's a policeman

31:23and he throws

31:25off his cloak

31:25and then she

31:27kind of suddenly

31:28sees he's got

31:28this strange face

31:29with these big

31:30red eyes.

31:32He looks very

31:33sort of inhuman

31:33and then she

31:35realizes he's

31:35also got claws

31:36and he blows

31:38a sort of ball

31:39of flame in her face,

31:40kind of describes

31:41blue-white flame

31:42and then he lurches

31:44after he starts

31:44to attack her.

31:45This man began

31:48to claw at her face,

31:50her neck,

31:50her arms

31:51and her dress.

31:52She was screaming

31:53and struggling

31:54and luckily

31:54her sister heard her.

31:56Jane was actually

31:57being dragged

31:58out of the home.

32:00Her sister fortunately

32:01was able

32:01to get her back

32:02inside

32:03but not before

32:04Jane's dress

32:05was almost

32:05completely torn off.

32:08Who or what

32:10attacked Jane Alsop?

32:13Her attack made headlines

32:14all over London

32:14and a wave of terror

32:16flooded the city

32:17because this was not

32:19the first woman

32:19said to have been

32:20attacked by a shadowy figure

32:22that is known

32:24in urban legend

32:25as Spring-Heeled Jack.

32:28In the 1830s

32:30this curious story

32:32emerges in the newspapers

32:34that there is

32:36an attacker

32:38on the dark,

32:39foggy streets

32:40of London

32:40called Spring-Heeled Jack.

32:43who has eyes

32:45that are like

32:45balls of fire,

32:47who has claw-like hands,

32:50who wears a skin-tight

32:52black costume

32:53and who can jump

32:56enormous heights.

32:59So Spring-Heeled Jack

33:00is a type of urban legend

33:02that's sometimes called

33:03a phantom attacker.

33:04So in phantom attacker stories

33:06there is someone

33:08who is attacking people

33:09but it's not

33:10killing someone.

33:12About 50 years

33:13after Spring-Heeled Jack

33:14we have

33:15the Jack the Ripper murders.

33:18Jack the Ripper

33:19is not a phantom attacker.

33:20He's an unidentified

33:22serial killer.

33:24But there are similarities

33:26with the panic

33:27over Spring-Heeled Jack

33:28in that we have someone

33:29who is

33:30stalking the streets

33:31at night,

33:32attacking women

33:33who nobody seems

33:35able to identify

33:36or catch.

33:38While Jack the Ripper

33:39was a very real killer

33:41in 1888,

33:42the urban legend

33:43of a phantom attacker

33:44with superhuman abilities

33:46does sound

33:47a bit hard to believe.

33:50But incredibly,

33:52after reports

33:53of Spring-Heeled Jack

33:54started appearing

33:55in the 1830s,

33:57they continued

33:59for decades.

34:03Spring-Heeled Jack's

34:03sightings lasted

34:04a very long time.

34:05They dip

34:06in the late 50s

34:08into the early 1860s.

34:10He then gets reimagined

34:11as this Penny Dreadful character.

34:14Penny Dreadfuls

34:15were cheap publications

34:16in serialized form

34:18and this seems

34:20to reignite

34:20a lot of the

34:21folkloric tales again.

34:23And then he's seen

34:24in Wales,

34:25he's seen up in Scotland.

34:27There's a sighting

34:28in Liverpool in 1904.

34:30In Sheffield,

34:32he was known

34:33to be around the region

34:34until the First World War.

34:35So you've got a character

34:36that if it is

34:37the same individual,

34:39he's coming up

34:39for at least 100 years

34:41since he first appeared.

34:42Wasn't it really

34:43a fire-breathing

34:44superhuman with claws,

34:46preying on women

34:47for 100 years?

34:49Well, some experts

34:50believe that details

34:51of this mysterious attacker

34:53were embellished

34:54like many good

34:55urban legends.

34:58And some suggest

35:00this monster served

35:02as a cautionary tale

35:03for Victorian women

35:05living in 19th century London.

35:09The time period

35:11in which Spring-Heeled Jack

35:13emerged

35:14was the 1830s.

35:16So we're pretty much

35:17smack in the middle

35:18of the Industrial Revolution

35:20at this point.

35:22Industrialization changed a lot.

35:23It moved people out

35:24from pastoral spaces

35:26into urban spaces.

35:27It created a lot

35:28of congestion,

35:30people living on top

35:31of each other

35:31in sometimes rough conditions.

35:33And the story

35:34that we see

35:35is of this bizarre criminal

35:38targeting women

35:40specifically

35:41in this urban setting.

35:42And in so many ways,

35:44this is just really

35:46quintessentially

35:47the fear

35:49of the unknown stranger.

35:50So this is clearly

35:53a concept

35:54that women are often

35:55in danger

35:56of predatory creatures,

35:58whether they be

35:58human beings or not.

36:01Spring-Heeled Jack

36:02does speak to some

36:02of that violence

36:03towards women

36:04in the Victorian period.

36:06It's almost kind of

36:06reinforcing the notion

36:07that women should just be

36:09sitting at home

36:10and the public sphere

36:11is kind of the masculine sphere.

36:13But it's something

36:13that was often spoken about

36:14in this time period.

36:16And so there is

36:17a sort of a controlling

36:18element to this.

36:20Was Spring-Heeled Jack

36:21invented to keep

36:2219th century women

36:23at home?

36:25It's certainly possible.

36:26But if that's true,

36:27then why is this story

36:29re-emerged

36:30in the modern age?

36:34Epson, England.

36:36February 14th, 2012.

36:39A family is taking

36:40a taxi ride through town

36:41and suddenly

36:42they witness something

36:44that's impossible

36:45to explain.

36:46They see a figure

36:49jump over a highway divider,

36:51run across two lanes

36:53of traffic,

36:54and then somehow

36:55leap up a 15-foot

36:56embankment,

36:58all within the span

36:59of about two seconds.

37:01On top of this,

37:02they said whoever this was

37:04had no facial features.

37:06So this is a really

37:07strange encounter

37:08and it sounds a lot like

37:10the original

37:10Spring-Heeled Jack sightings

37:11from the 1800s.

37:13Has Spring-Heeled Jack

37:15returned to begin

37:16a new reign of terror?

37:18Only time will tell.

37:21But there's another

37:22urban legend

37:23of a different kind

37:24that started

37:25in American arcades

37:27about a game

37:28said to possess

37:30mind-altering powers.

37:33The video game revolution

37:50takes over America

37:51and gamers flock

37:55to arcades

37:55throughout the city.

37:57And it's said

37:58that there is one

37:59legendary game

38:00that people are

38:00lining up to play.

38:01The only problem is

38:03it might cost you

38:05your life.

38:06It's called

38:07Polybius.

38:10So the Polybius

38:11urban legend

38:11is that there was

38:13this game console

38:14that was placed

38:15in certain arcades.

38:17People would play it

38:18and it was supposedly

38:20either controlling

38:21their mind

38:21or in some cases

38:23we also hear

38:23that people were

38:24having headaches

38:25or seizures.

38:26It was causing them

38:27to have some sort

38:29of medical condition

38:30because of the game itself.

38:32Kids are getting

38:33into fights

38:33and becoming aggressive.

38:35Some of them

38:35are dying

38:36and where these games

38:38were installed

38:38men in black suits

38:40would come

38:40and tinker

38:41with these games

38:42and it's believed

38:43that these were

38:43some type of

38:44government agents

38:45that were altering

38:46the equipment

38:46in order to see

38:47what effects

38:48that Polybius

38:48would have

38:49on the people

38:49playing it.

38:50But the thing is

38:51there's no actual

38:52evidence that it existed.

38:53If there's no proof

38:56of Polybius

38:56then where did

38:57this urban legend

38:58come from?

39:00The only known

39:01evidence of its existence

39:02can be found

39:03where many modern

39:04urban legends

39:04are born.

39:06The internet.

39:08Polybius really

39:09comes down

39:10to a single website

39:12in 1998.

39:14The coin-op website

39:15that discussed

39:17different arcade games

39:18from the 1980s

39:19that has an entry

39:21for this game,

39:23Polybius.

39:24So whether that website

39:25grew out

39:26of people's memories

39:27of the game

39:28or whether that website

39:29created people's memories

39:31of the game

39:32that was really

39:34the linchpin

39:35that leads

39:36to the entire legend

39:38catching on

39:39as it did.

39:40Is the story

39:41of Polybius

39:42a complete fabrication

39:43or could there be

39:44some truth

39:45to a dangerous

39:46video game?

39:47Well, perhaps

39:48the newfound form

39:49of entertainment

39:50in the 1980s

39:51really did warrant

39:53some caution

39:54and even fear.

39:58The arcade phenomenon

39:59was a new one

40:00and in the early 80s

40:02that's what kids did.

40:04There was one kid

40:04who played

40:0528 straight hours

40:06and ended up

40:07making himself

40:07sick over it.

40:08Kids were playing

40:09this Tempest game

40:10and they were

40:10having seizures.

40:12Another game

40:13called Berserk

40:14a kid has a heart attack

40:15and then a couple

40:16of weeks later

40:16another kid has a heart attack

40:17on the same machine.

40:18This was a lot

40:20of concern

40:20for parents

40:21who didn't really

40:21understand

40:22what video games were.

40:24Did fears

40:25of video games

40:26warping the minds

40:27of America's youth

40:28create the urban legend

40:30of Polybius?

40:32Perhaps.

40:33But the bigger question

40:35is not how urban legends

40:36begin

40:37but why

40:38they continue

40:39to endure

40:40from one generation

40:41to the next.

40:42It's often hard

40:46to find the origin

40:47of an urban legend

40:48but it spreads

40:50because it's a good story.

40:52Something about it

40:52appeals to people's experience

40:54and that's why

40:55they tell it.

40:56There's something about it

40:57that's articulating

40:58something important.

41:00There's a well-known

41:01saying about urban legends

41:02among folklorists

41:03which is that

41:04legends might not

41:05always be true

41:06but they're always

41:08getting something right.

41:09The world is full

41:11of experiences

41:12real things

41:13that people

41:15see

41:16witness

41:16experience

41:17for themselves

41:18that they

41:19can't explain

41:20and those are the things

41:21where we fill in

41:22those answers

41:23with urban legends.

41:27So

41:28what's the verdict?

41:30Can people

41:30spontaneously combust?

41:33Are mysterious

41:34men in black

41:34hiding among us

41:35concealing the truth

41:36about UFOs?

41:38And

41:38what about

41:39Spring-Heeled Jack?

41:41Was he real?

41:43You know

41:44it's easy to be skeptical

41:45but the truth is

41:46not a single one

41:47of these modern myths

41:48have been

41:48definitively debunked.

41:51So

41:51if you happen

41:52to catch a glimpse

41:52of some creepy clowns

41:55prowling around

41:56your neighborhood

41:57perhaps it's

41:58better to

41:59close the blinds

42:01lock the door

42:02and let them

42:04and

42:04all

42:05other

42:06urban legends

42:07remain.

42:08unexplained.

42:11Unexplained.

42:12Unexplained.

42:13Unexplained.

42:14Unexplained.

42:15Unexplained.

42:16Unexplained.

42:17Unexplained.

42:18Unexplained.

42:19Unexplained.

42:20Unexplained.

42:21Unexplained.

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