Μοράβας: Ο Ποταμός των Αρχαίων Χρόνων (Morava: River of Ancient Times)

bgrego

2023 | HD  Ένα από τα τελευταία και πιο εξαιρετικά εναπομείναντα άγρια οικοσυστήματα δίπλα σε ποτάμια: ελάτε να εξερευνήσουμε τον ποταμό Μοράβα στην καρδιά της Ευρώπης. Ιδιαίτερα στα τελευταία 60 χιλιόμετρα, κατά μήκος των συνόρων μεταξύ Αυστρίας και Σλοβακίας, ο ποταμός αναπτύσσει μια ξεχωριστή προσωπικότητα και αποκτά διεθνή σημασία, σχηματίζοντας εκτενής υδροβιότοπους που περιλαμβάνουν λιβάδια, δάση και ένα άγριο δίκτυο παραποτάμων και παρακλαδιών. Μόλις λίγα βήματα από αυτούς τους υδροβιότοπους, υπάρχουν αρχαίοι αμμόλοφοι και στις δύο πλευρές των συνόρων. Εδώ, τα ζώα και τα φυτά ευδοκιμούν σε ξηρό, ζεστό, και αμμώδες περιβάλλον, όπου ο ουρανός φαίνεται να συναντά τη γη και ο ήλιος και τα σύννεφα δημιουργούν γραφικά τοπία που θυμίζουν τη Δύση των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών.

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09:03και με την Ευρωπαϊκή φεδάρνηση, που βρίσκονται στην καθυσμό, καθυσμό και καθυσμό.

09:16Σερκή πριν από την πάντα της Μουράβα.

09:21Σνοδροψη δείχνει όσο διαφορετικά περισσότερα είναι αρκετά από εδώ.

09:26Μουστά, φέρτα και στρατωμένο μορφαλό.

09:33Σλόγη, ευρύντας το σχεδόν της κρυπης.

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09:46Ακούσαν οι δυνατόν αρχίζονται να βρεθούν την πρώτη αρχή.

09:57Άνιουσαν σφίγματος πιο ειδόντου πριν από πριν από 50 χρόνια.

10:03...κονφounding nature lovers ever since.

10:14This may look like a beaver, but it isn't.

10:18It's a neutra.

10:20The species, smaller than the beaver, comes from South America.

10:24It has white whiskers and a round tail,

10:28compared to the beaver's broad, flat tail.

10:33Adding to the confusion, muskrats from North America also live here.

10:39They're half as large as neutras, one-third the size of beavers,

10:43and have vertically flattened tails.

10:51All three semi-aquatic rodents enjoy vegetarian diets.

10:56They don't eat fish, and they spend a lot of time grooming.

11:03And all three are found along the Marava River.

11:15The beaver is the only one to have a permanent impact here.

11:19By cutting down trees, digging channels, and altering the form of the riverbanks,

11:27it helps restore the once heavily regulated river to its natural state,

11:33and creates more reservoirs for dry periods.

11:41Recently, experts from the waterways management company, conservationists,

11:47and soil bioengineers from Vienna's University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

11:53have joined the beaver's efforts.

11:59Everyone wants to see the river wild again.

12:07Until recently, the banks here were fortified with heavy rocks.

12:11The stones have been removed, but measures are required to prevent the earth being washed away.

12:23They hoped that the saplings' new roots and branches would bind the soil.

12:33A few months later, their plan worked.

12:49Modern hydraulic engineering gives rivers more space to expand

12:53and to store more water in branches and on floodplains.

12:57Branches of the river, choked off from the main current for decades, are reopened.

13:09Banks, once straightened to make way for human settlements,

13:13can now follow their natural course and create new habitats.

13:17Many species of herons, which flock along the Merava, reap the benefits.

13:33Grey herons are the most common.

13:40At the end of March, mating season, they dress to impress.

13:44It's the only time of year that the herons show more interest in twigs than fish.

14:05Now is the time to build the perfect nursery, high in a poplar tree.

14:14in a poplar tree.

14:17Grey herons fill the trees with nests.

14:23When preparations are complete, it's time to start a family,

14:27with a balancing act.

14:37Herons prefer a watery habitat with rich, moist soil.

14:40Not far away, high above the Merava River, on the Slovak side,

14:46conditions are very different.

14:54The top of the Sandburg Sandstone Hill resembles a hot, windy desert,

15:00its steep slopes carved by erosion.

15:02Europe's most colourful birds live here, the European bee-eaters.

15:11They're one of the few bird species that have experienced a population boom in recent years,

15:19expanding their range.

15:20expanding their range.

15:33Digging the burrows is tedious work.

15:36The steeper the slope, the more protection it offers from predators.

15:40The birds make it look easy.

15:52But this kind of construction is challenging.

15:57The bee-eaters frequently slip, and must circle around to land again.

16:11to land again.

16:20Evolution may eventually make this easier.

16:24In a thousand years, the claws of the birds could grow stronger and more effective.

16:30This sun-baked, sandy hill lies just a few hundred metres above a flat, lush landscape.

16:53The Merava feeds countless branches and calm backwaters.

16:56While the main course is cloudy with sediment,

17:01many of the waters along its edge are surprisingly clear.

17:18Around 50 fish species live in the catchment area,

17:22along the Merava's lower reaches.

17:24Although they look serene and peaceful,

17:30these habitats are subject to often devastating changes in water levels.

17:43The next time the water rises, this pike could find itself washed away.

17:47The next time the water recedes, it could find itself targeted by herons,

17:51or left high and dry.

17:56The fish are happiest in spring, when the Merava provides them with a gentle flow of temperate water during spawning season.

18:11When water temperatures rise between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius on the flooded meadows, the carp get frisky.

18:27The males energetically pursue the females, whipping the shallow waters into a frenzy.

18:40At this time of year, it is possible to see just how many fish, and above all carp, live here.

18:58In the weeks when seemingly every pond and pool teams with fish, the floodplain forests along the Merava come to life.

19:12Before long, the red deer will bear their calves.

19:21The stags begin to develop new antlers.

19:27The forest floor is covered in wild garlic blossoms,

19:42which catch the soft downy seeds of willows and poplars carried by the wind.

19:48The rain dissolves the soft pappus that allows the seeds to drift through the air, releasing the seeds.

20:08The flooded meadows still brim with fish breeding in the warm, shallow waters.

20:14Herons come for the abundance of food.

20:30Catching a fish is child's play at this time of year.

20:38Actually, eating it is another matter.

20:41The white bream is just a little too large to swallow.

20:47Before long, the heron launches a new attempt.

20:53But once again, the bird's eyes are bigger than its gullet.

20:57Fortunately, there is no shortage of food, and the heron tries again.

21:20Third time lucky.

21:22But it takes some effort.

21:23For a moment, it looks like the heron has bitten off more than it can chew.

21:36One final gulp and it's all over.

21:39The bones and scales will eventually be regurgitated.

21:43As the population grows, the Slovakian bee-eaters run out of space.

22:00Some have crossed the river and settled in a small sandbank in an old quarry surrounded by meadows.

22:05The hare is fascinated by the new arrivals.

22:06The hare is fascinated by the new arrivals.

22:18Not long ago, this was such a quiet neighborhood.

22:23And now...

22:24When a flock of excited starlings appears, the hare has had enough.

22:40When a flock of excited starlings appears, the hare has had enough.

22:47The dry sandy soils near the Merava attract other wild animals.

22:52They appear when evening falls.

22:53The soft surface is ideal for burrowing.

23:06And the surrounding meadow makes the perfect playground for red fox cubs.

23:11Not far away, a family of badgers find some prime real estate of their own.

23:28In mid-June, the floodplain forest is fresh and magical.

23:37The animals explore their surroundings in the early morning calm.

23:40Suddenly, their tranquillity is shattered.

24:00Is it a snake?

24:02Or perhaps several snakes?

24:05The onlookers sense danger.

24:07No.

24:21It's just a neutra gathering the roots of aquatic plants.

24:24When night falls after a long summer's day, the region's most fearsome and terrifying threat emerges.

24:39Or at least its most annoying.

24:41Mosquitoes.

24:42Some years, they become a plague of almost biblical proportions.

24:51But they have a place here too.

24:54Mosquitoes and their larvae help nourish other insects, birds, amphibians and fish.

25:00At twilight, clouds of insects swarm in the warm summer rain.

25:14Barn swallows gather for the easy feast.

25:17The mosquitoes, gnats and flies just drift into the birds' open beaks.

25:21In wet years, the shallow depressions in the meadows sometimes form ponds.

25:40Tiny crustaceans, called branchiopods, emerge from eggs that survive in the dry soil.

25:56Several species of the miniscule creatures grow here.

26:08Female fairy shrimp carry eggs in a brood pouch.

26:18Unlike the fairy shrimp, tadpole shrimp have a carapace that shields their head.

26:23These shrimp can grow up to eight centimeters long and are among the oldest animals in existence.

26:30Virtually unchanged for more than 60 million years.

26:42At the end of July, the Merava floods, washing out the pools of ancient crustaceans

26:49and upsetting the lives of the larger animals.

26:51White storks welcome the higher water levels.

27:02Frogs get washed into the fields where they can't dive to safety,

27:07while rodents and moles find themselves trapped or drowned.

27:18The animals retreat to higher ground.

27:19Many roe deer must swim for the first time in their lives.

27:25Dry land is in high demand.

27:30Sometimes, the distances seem insurmountable.

27:33The next refuge appears.

27:44Others have already sought safety here.

27:46Finally, a place to rest.

27:48Not so fast.

27:49This island is claimed.

28:01The situation challenges both the residents and the newcomers.

28:03But there's nowhere to go.

28:04The situation challenges both the residents and the newcomers.

28:09But there's nowhere to go.

28:15They will have to reach some arrangement.

28:17The two does seem hospitable.

28:35The buck?

28:36Not so much.

28:37He is eventually won over by a sign of submission.

28:50Two calves live on this island.

28:53One is quite inquisitive.

28:55Just to play it safe, the new arrival makes another effort to mollify the buck.

29:08They establish a lasting peace.

29:16All is well on the island refuge.

29:22Flooding isn't an annual event.

29:25Just one year earlier, the situation here was very different.

29:28An extended hot spell dried some river branches.

29:38Algae bloomed in the few remaining pools, sucking up the oxygen.

29:49Droves of fish smothered under a toxic blanket of green floating algae.

29:58Just five kilometers from the Morava River, hot, dry summers are the rule rather than the exception.

30:10Every year, Austria's Markfeldt plain bakes in the warm Pannonian climate.

30:19The sandy soils retain very little water and pose no danger of flooding.

30:24The dry, steplight landscape provides a refuge for insects and plants that enjoy semi-arid conditions.

30:39On some days, the surface soils can reach 60 degrees Celsius.

30:43Habitats like these are now so rare that revitalizing them has become a priority.

30:58Vegetation conceals a sandy ridge in Austria's Ringelsdorf region along the Morava River.

31:04A regional conservation society has purchased the land.

31:07Once a year, volunteers from all over the world come to clear bushes, shrubs and trees from the sandy ground.

31:20In spring, the ridge is covered in plants that flourish in sparse, dry and sandy soils.

31:21In spring, the ridge is covered in plants that flourish in sparse, dry and sandy soils, including upright bugles,

31:35hop trefoils, stars of Bethlehem, and European field pansies.

31:44Right next to plants like the marsh burge, the ragged robin, or the viola elatior, which thrive in moist conditions.

31:57The proximity of habitats sparks incredible diversity.

32:04The summer floodwaters have now reached the bee-eaters' new Austrian home.

32:11The flooded quarry upsets the birds.

32:17There's no point in establishing new burrows.

32:26Who knows how long the floods will last?

32:32If they're lucky, the waters may recede within a week.

32:42In some years, the water levels barely change.

32:45In others, the river constantly rises and falls.

32:52The storks, with their nests high in the trees, are safe from the changeable landscape below.

33:01They will always find something to eat, regardless of the river level.

33:05Day by day, temperatures rise.

33:19Animals roam leisurely through the lush vegetation.

33:22Then once again, the water vanishes.

33:40The branches dry out, and pools evaporate.

33:44Those that are left are shallow and warm.

33:47The backwater becomes a muddy channel.

34:03The fish are the first to suffer.

34:05Some animals refuse to face reality.

34:18The nutra tries to swim, but simply crawls through the mud,

34:23pushing the watery mess ahead of itself.

34:25The rodent's fur gets matted and hard to clean.

34:43Water caltrops cover some branches of the marava.

34:45These plants initially benefit from the mud, but eventually require water.

34:52The easily accessible ones get eaten.

34:56Water caltrops are common around the world, but in some parts of Central Europe,

35:03they are now considered endangered.

35:04If the water level sinks dramatically, they'll attract flocks of birds.

35:17Leeches gather below the rosette leaves, as do the larvae of fish, dragonflies, and beetles.

35:24Floods and dry spells bring advantages and disadvantages,

35:33and invariably, winners and losers.

35:36On some summer evenings, the river landscape looks deceivingly calm.

35:51Deep in the Slovakian forests, where the moonlight can barely penetrate, magic happens.

36:10The intricate, glittering flight of fireflies.

36:28The glow emanates from the males of the species.

36:31They perform this mystical dance only in June and July.

36:46By midnight, the lights are faded, and darkness returns.

36:56When the morning mist rises from the surface of the marava,

36:59autumn is on its way.

37:05The landscape reveals all of its beautiful, colorful majesty.

37:19Red deer rotting season is about to begin.

37:29The herons spend all their time fishing.

37:47The unfortunate Prussian carp doesn't go down easy.

37:50Even if the birds catch the wrong end of the fish,

38:01a little advanced beak technique sets things right.

38:04autumn near the marava river is just as captivating as spring.

38:21Now crocuses carpet the forest floor, replacing the snowdrops and wild garlic.

38:27and wild garlic.

38:33In spring, the spawning fish announce the season's arrival.

38:38In autumn, it's the rutting of the red deer.

38:41Deer on the floodplain forests grow larger and stronger than their mountain relatives.

38:58The lush, varied vegetation provides them with abundant nutrients and energy.

39:04The stags weigh up to 250 kilograms and grow strong, impressive antlers.

39:22In the mountains, the red deer sometimes struggle in the snow.

39:36Here, the challenge is mud.

39:38The deer's range includes bodies of water that they, and other animals, must try to navigate.

39:56must try to navigate.

40:05Without getting stuck.

40:07It's hard work.

40:25With just a few meters to go.

40:28It's hard work.

40:30With just a few meters to go.

40:31Mud baths, voluntary or not, are simply a part of life on the floodplains.

40:58The wild boars enjoy the sludge.

41:10They lack sweat glands, so the damp earth helps to cool them.

41:17It also protects them from ticks, fleas and mosquitoes.

41:28Aggressive rutting stags use the mud to cool their tempers rather than their bodies.

41:39Deer and wild boars are the only native wild animals that intentionally and regularly wallow in mud.

41:47During rutting season, stags even lay claim to their own personal births, marking them with urine.

41:58The bellowing keeps other stags away and defines the boundaries of the rutting grounds.

42:10Scents and hormones determine the stags behavior.

42:11The inexperienced younger males have little chance of drawing close to the females.

42:16Which can lead to some experimentation.

42:17Before long, it's back to business as usual.

42:18Before long, it's back to business as usual.

42:19As usual.

42:20As usual.

42:21As usual.

42:22As usual.

42:23As usual.

42:24As usual.

42:25Now, the last remaining pools have Niners is

42:55Οι ζώσες αυτούς ζώσες, οι εγκρυσσίες έχουν μέρες από την αντραφή.

43:03Αυτό που είναι αυτούς οι νεκρυσσίες είναι η μάμμμρή και οι νεκρύνες των εγκρυσσίες.

43:14Ας το νεκρύνωσης, το νεκρυσσίες αυτούς του αντραφήνες.

43:19Ωραία.

43:25Αφού τα καλύτερα αλλασία, θα είναι μία αρκετική πάντα.

43:34Σε αυτοβερ, οι φίχοι ζωτές της μυραύτησης της μυραύτησης της μυραύτησης φτυξά.

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47:27Ο θέλεσμα είναι μοτολή.

47:35Ήρφερνή αρμούν να δημιουργήσουν το στήνδοφ και να συμβάσουν στην αρρήγμα.

47:48Ήρφερνή αρμούν να σημανούν να μεταφέρουν την αρμούν σκέρα.

47:57Ο πρόσφα και μάγπες δηλαδή δεν είχα ταινίδι.

48:05Μποντώ τα πρώσια σκάτια εγκλή φαίνλευση και μονάζει το φαίνλευση,

48:12Τα μήνυση μήνυση.

48:17Τα μάγκριά σκάτια, το μαγκάτια σκάτια σκάτια.

48:21Τερ σκοβούλοι.

48:27Ριδιούς και μυρές περισσότερο στους αρκετές.

48:32Με το φωτές και οι αρκετές εμπλώνουν.

48:35Με αρκετήριασή εμπλώνουν.

48:44Ιδιούς φυσκοβούλοι να επηρεάξουν.

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49:22Occasionally, the combination of a winter flood and low temperatures

49:26turns the landscape into a vast icy plain.

49:37The Marava weathers the cold and ice,

49:40just as it weathers the summer floods and droughts.

49:43The river endures these conditions because it runs free,

49:54thanks to a stroke of good fortune in recent European history.

50:03An untamed river puts the water it carries to good use,

50:07creating an environment of incredible diversity

50:12resilience and beauty.

50:42Of course it can be enjoyed in this community,

50:46there you would be these days before it pulls your stress.

50:50I was so 담아 to as a fellow you can possibly see.

50:52No.

50:56Do not think of you.

50:58In blackaccord issues of marine,

51:00we also ride the détectarea of

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