Qu'est-il Arrivé à Cette Civilisation Perdue Dont les Vestiges Sont Enfouis en Illinois

Sympa

Il y a longtemps, il existait une vaste civilisation en Illinois, bien avant l'arrivée des Européens. Elle s'appelait Cahokia, et à son apogée, environ 20 000 personnes y vivaient—ce qui en faisait une ville plus grande que Londres à l'époque ! Ils ont construit d'immenses monticules, certains aussi hauts qu'un bâtiment de dix étages, et possédaient une société complexe avec du commerce, de la religion, et même des sports. Mais ensuite, quelque chose de mystérieux s'est produit, et vers les années 1400, la ville a été abandonnée. Certains disent que c'était dû au changement climatique, d'autres pensent que la guerre ou la maladie a joué un rôle, mais personne ne le sait avec certitude. Aujourd'hui, les monticules sont toujours là, gardant les secrets de cette civilisation perdue enfouis sous eux. 🏺🌿  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

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00:00There is a remarkable archaeological site near Saint Louis, in Missouri, which few people have heard of.

00:08Named Cahokia, it was once a flourishing metropolis housing up to 2,000 inhabitants during the 11th century.

00:15This place is littered with imposing earthenware, hand-shaped,

00:20the most monumental of which still exists today at the Cahokia Mount State Historic Site.

00:27Although many aspects of this civilization remain mysterious,

00:31researchers have been able to reconstruct certain elements thanks to the remains discovered.

00:37Among these discoveries were particularly ancient teeth.

00:41Their detailed analysis revealed that Cahokia welcomed a great diversity of indigenous peoples.

00:48About a third of the inhabitants came from other regions of the center of the continent,

00:54which scientists determined by studying the chemical composition of the found teeth.

01:00Remarkable facts, the arrangement of the mounds indicates that Cahokia was a city designed with a precise organization

01:07and not a simple juxtaposition of villages.

01:10The elites resided at the top of these structures, while the rest of the population occupied other dwellings.

01:16It is fascinating to imagine that this city housed varied activities,

01:20such as agriculture, hunting, woodworking, pottery and weaving.

01:27At the very heart of Cahokia stood a colossal mound of about 30 meters high,

01:34surrounded by a vast wooden palisade.

01:36Inside this enclosure was the city's nerve center, including a large open space.

01:44Archaeologists estimate that the latter had been designed to symbolize the four cardinal points.

01:50It could be believed that those who built it sought to create a place in perfect harmony with the universe.

01:56The center of Cahokia was the heart of major ceremonies and gatherings,

02:00and its importance was such that foreign visitors came especially to attend it.

02:07The fate of this city remains uncertain.

02:09Some advance that its collapse would be due to excessive deforestation, which disrupted the natural balance.

02:17Others, specialists, dispute this hypothesis,

02:20emphasizing that the quality of the soil was still preserved after the city's abandonment.

02:25The first settlers had not yet arrived at the time, thus removing all influence from them.

02:32Another theory evokes conflicts with neighboring communities, which would have precipitated its decline.

02:39Today, more than 65 tertres are still visible,

02:43and it is even possible to climb the most important of them.

02:47This exceptional site could soon obtain the status of a national park,

02:52another reason to discover it before it becomes too popular a destination.

02:58Mohenjo-daro is another disappeared ancient city that remains surrounded by mystery.

03:04Located in present-day Pakistan, it experienced its peak during the Bronze Age

03:08and was distinguished by its remarkable level of advancement.

03:13Its water supply network and sophisticated architecture surpassed those of other cities of the time.

03:20However, it remains much less famous than the great ancient cities of Egypt or Mesopotamia.

03:27Even more enigmatic is its sudden abandonment, whose cause remains still unknown.

03:35Although the city was established in 1911, archaeologists took their time to understand its importance.

03:42The excavations revealed an advanced sanitation system,

03:47including more than 700 wells, private baths and large public baths.

03:55Impressively, even the individual dwellings had toilets

04:00connected to a network of functional sewers that extended throughout the city.

04:05Mohenjo-daro was also a dynamic shopping centre,

04:09producing refined pottery, jewellery and figurines,

04:12which were exported throughout the region.

04:16Despite this sophistication, the reason for its abandonment remains unknown.

04:21Some suggest that changes in the Indus River could have been a decisive factor.

04:28As for the inscriptions left by its inhabitants,

04:31they remain indescribable, even for the most experienced experts,

04:35further complicating the reconstruction of its history.

04:40Have you ever heard of the lost village of Kolmanskop?

04:44In the past, it was a small colony located in the heart of the Namibian desert.

04:49According to legend, it would be named after a certain Kolman,

04:52who would have imprisoned himself in the dunes before disappearing forever.

04:56However, this is not the most curious aspect.

05:00In 1908, a chemist discovered a shiny stone and showed it to his team leader,

05:05who turned out to be an amateur mineralogist.

05:08After analysis, they realised that it was a diamond.

05:12Kolmanskop quickly became the most prosperous city in Africa

05:16and one of the richest places in the world.

05:19There were luxurious houses, a school, a hospital

05:22and even an ice factory to supply the food guards.

05:26The hospital was equipped with the very first X-ray machine in Australasia,

05:30supposedly used to ensure that the workers would not try to swallow sweet diamonds.

05:35But at the end of the 1920s,

05:38the discovery of another diamond deposit nearby led to the decline of Kolmanskop.

05:43Little by little, its inhabitants left in search of new opportunities,

05:47leaving behind them a deserted city.

05:49In 1938, all industrial equipment was moved southwards,

05:53condemning Kolmanskop to oblivion.

05:56Its last inhabitant left the place between 1956 and 1960.

06:01However, the arid climate allowed a remarkable preservation of the buildings,

06:06transforming this ghost city into a site popular with visitors.

06:10You have certainly heard of Machu Picchu,

06:13this fascinating ancient city located in Peru,

06:15Perched on the vertiginous heights of the Andes,

06:18it extends over a vast area and overlooks the surrounding valleys.

06:22Its historical importance and architecture

06:25deserve to be classified among the wonders of the modern world.

06:29However, its true use remains a mystery.

06:32Although it was able to house up to 750 people,

06:35human traces are limited there.

06:38Some say that it was above all a spiritual place

06:41while others see it as a luxurious village centre intended for the Inca elite.

06:46The presence of vast terraces suggests an experimental agricultural function

06:51or a commercial role.

06:54Another, more surprising hypothesis evokes the possibility of a prison

06:58due to the discovery of a space resembling a cell.

07:02It is intriguing to note that even today,

07:05the archives of Kolmanskop,

07:07It is intriguing to note that even today,

07:10archaeologists and historians struggle to understand

07:13how this city was built.

07:16Did you know that the Incas probably did not use wheels to transport materials?

07:21Yet, huge blocks of granite were hoisted to the top of the Andes,

07:26even though their weight was considerable.

07:29Some estimate that hundreds of workers

07:32joined forces to progress each rock to the top.

07:36The huge stones of Machu Picchu are so perfectly adjusted

07:40that no crack is visible between them.

07:43This remarkable detail gives the structure an incredible resistance to earthquakes,

07:47a major asset in a country like Peru, subject to earthquakes.

07:51But how do these blocks manage to stay in place despite the earthquakes?

07:55They actually undergo slight movements

07:58before spontaneously finding their original position,

08:01giving the impression of a natural dance.

08:03Some say that dampened wood wedges

08:06were used to stabilize the stones,

08:09but this hypothesis seems incompatible with the extent of the constructions.

08:13The builders of Machu Picchu also seem to have gone from beasts of stone to tools of iron.

08:19They had to shape and assemble each element with the sole force of their hands.

08:23In addition, the citadel rests on a tectonic fault,

08:27which required the displacement of vast amounts of rocks and earth

08:30in order to flatten the ground.

08:33It is even thought that the real feat would be hidden under the surface,

08:37where deep foundations and an ingenious drainage system ensure the stability of the site.

08:43Moreover, an underground hydraulic network, until now unknown,

08:47has recently been put to use thanks to 3D digitization.

08:50The Incas did not use mortars to assemble the granite blocks,

08:54but their work was so precise that it is impossible to slip a sheet of paper there.

08:57A hypothesis suggests that the artisans used stone tools

09:01made of materials harder than the blocks they shaped.

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