Cette Ville Médiévale Était Remplie de Gratte-Ciel

Sympa

Saviez-vous qu'au Moyen Âge, Bologne en Italie, était autrefois remplie de gratte-ciels imposants ? Au cours des XIIe et XIIIe siècles, la ville comptait près de 100 tours hautes et étroites construites par des familles riches à la fois comme symboles de statut et structures défensives. Ces tours dominaient l'horizon, la plus haute atteignant plus de 300 pieds de haut ! Aujourd'hui, il ne reste qu'une vingtaine de tours, les emblématiques tours Asinelli et Garisenda se dressant comme des symboles de la riche histoire de Bologne. Et ce n'est loin d'être le seul endroit du passé avec des secrets incroyables qui feront bouillir votre cerveau même aujourd'hui. Plongeons dans un voyage à travers le temps - êtes-vous prêt ?  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00In the 12th and 13th centuries, Bologna had an evocative aspect, that of contemporary Manhattan.

00:06Although the exact number of towers, comparable to skyscrapers, remains unknown,

00:11it is estimated that it probably exceeded a hundred.

00:14The highest reached a height similar to that of Big Ben, i.e. 97 meters.

00:21At that time, Bologna was one of the largest European metropolises,

00:26with impressive construction projects and notable ambition.

00:31In addition to the cathedrals and city hotels, the wealthiest families built towers,

00:37probably to affirm their status and opulence.

00:40The space limited to the center of the city, not allowing the construction of vast castles,

00:45these buildings were designed in height.

00:48However, their owners did not live there,

00:51preferring to reside in more modest buildings located nearby.

00:55These towers played a defensive role above all.

00:59The construction of a tower required 3 to 10 years of labor,

01:03a process both long and demanding.

01:07Each structure rested on solid foundations, deeply buried,

01:12surmounted by a base made up of heavy blocks of Selenite stone.

01:17The higher the tower, the more its walls were refined and lightened.

01:21In the 13th century, many of these towers were demolished,

01:24while others collapsed naturally.

01:27Some were then converted into watchtowers, shops or residential buildings.

01:33Today, only 22 of these towers remain in the heart of Bologna.

01:37Among them, two have become emblematic symbols of the city,

01:40mentioned in all tourist guides.

01:43Another astonishing historical revelation from Italy concerns the gladiators.

01:48They were not exclusively male.

01:51Although rare, gladiators did exist,

01:54and evidence attests that several women took part in the circus.

01:59In ancient texts, these fighters were called ludiae or mulieres,

02:05but certainly not ladies.

02:07Some researchers deduce that they mostly belonged to the plebeian class.

02:12The term gladiatrix did not exist in Antiquity.

02:15It was invented in the 19th century.

02:18The women who chose to become gladiators

02:21seemed to be motivated by an aspiration for independence and recognition,

02:25for the pace of gain, or even for the repayment of their debts.

02:29It is likely that they received honors comparable to those of male gladiators.

02:34But such a situation defied the norms of Roman society,

02:38as well as the conception of roles assigned to women.

02:42In the 1st century, the Roman Senate adopted a law

02:45prohibiting women under the age of 20 from taking part in the game.

02:48And in the year 200, Emperor Septim Severus

02:51forbade all women to take part in the arena,

02:54fearing that they would not want to compete in the Olympic Games.

02:58Such a possibility would have profoundly disrupted the established social order.

03:02The ananas were once considered in Great Britain

03:05as the equivalent of bags and luxury watches,

03:08a symbol of wealth and prestige.

03:11We can still admire sculpted representations of them,

03:14notably at the top of the Western towers of the St Paul's Cathedral,

03:17one of the most emblematic monuments in London.

03:20The explorers returning from the Americas

03:23praised the ananas with such enthusiasm

03:26that everyone dreamed of tasting this fruit king.

03:29However, these require very high temperatures

03:32and years to mature.

03:35Yet, despite the cold and humid climate of England and Scotland,

03:38ananas were found in the gardens of the Cossus residence

03:41at the end of the 18th century.

03:44Thanks to the installation of specialized greenhouses,

03:47called pineries, and equipped with heating systems,

03:50an ananas could be worth up to 80 pounds,

03:53or the equivalent of $15,000 today.

03:56Naturally, one almost never consumed a fruit of such a price.

03:59It was rather used as a gift or as a piece of equipment,

04:02hanging on a table until it decomposed.

04:05People, unable to afford one,

04:08even went so far as to rent it to display their wealth at receptions.

04:11The ananas became a source of inspiration for the decorative arts

04:14and the dishes of the wealthy classes.

04:17The sculptures in the shape of ananas decorating the pillars of portals

04:20or the top of the Wimbledon trophy are vestiges of this era.

04:23However, as early as the 1820s,

04:26massive imports of ananas from abroad

04:30gradually led to the loss of its superb fruit.

04:33100 million years ago, giant crocodiles

04:36populated the Sahara Desert.

04:39In the 1990s, paleontologists

04:42discovered fossilized skeletons of primitive crocodiles,

04:45including the famous Supercroc or Sarcosuchus Imperator.

04:50Among their discoveries were several partial skeletons,

04:53dating back 110 million years.

04:56This prehistoric colossus,

04:59with a head as large as an adult man,

05:02was about 12 meters long,

05:05twice the height of a giraffe.

05:08This giant crocodile thrived both in water and on land,

05:11integrating into the diversified ecosystem of ancient North Africa.

05:14The expeditions carried out in the Sahara

05:17revealed a lost world full of ancient crocodiles,

05:20some of which resembled modern animals.

05:23The Supercroc, or Araripesuchus vegeneri,

05:26had a developed odour and long legs

05:29that allowed it to move like a dog.

05:32Among the remarkable discoveries was also the Duck Croc,

05:35or Anatosuchus, a 1 meter long crocodile

05:38with features reminiscent of those of an ornithorhynchus.

05:41It was better adapted to terrestrial life than aquatic.

05:44Another species, the Rat Croc, or Araripesuchus ratuade,

05:47was barely 60 cm long

05:50and had the perfect teeth to dig the ground

05:53in search of insects.

05:56Compared to current crocodiles,

05:59these creatures were more agile, dynamic

06:02and probably smarter,

06:05contrasting with the passive nature of modern hunters.

06:08If noise-canceling helmets had existed in the 19th century,

06:11they would have been very useful.

06:14On August 27, 1883,

06:17there was a cataclysmic eruption.

06:20This event produced what is considered

06:23the most powerful sound ever recorded.

06:26When the Krakatoa collapsed,

06:29it triggered tsunamis whose waves reached 50 meters

06:32and traveled to South Africa.

06:35This uninhabited volcanic island had not experienced an eruption

06:38for two centuries before this tragic day.

06:41The explosion caused the death of more than 30,000 people

06:44due to atmospheric pollution perceived by sound.

06:47A barometer located in a gas plant

06:50160 km away measured a level of 172 decibels.

06:53An average human being can tolerate

06:56up to 130 decibels without suffering serious damage.

06:59The acoustic pressure generated by the eruption

07:02therefore perforated the tips of the sailors

07:05aboard the Noram Castle, a British ship

07:08located 60 km from the Krakatoa.

07:11The world has traveled around the planet several times

07:14and the noise, comparable to that of cannon fire,

07:17was still audible 5,000 km away.

07:20The end of the 19th century was marked

07:23by a plethora of imposing mustaches.

07:26But there was a problem.

07:29It was very difficult to enjoy a cup of tea

07:32with this type of pilosity.

07:35The heat of the tea melted the wax,

07:38resulting in an ingenious solution.

07:41The moustache cup.

07:44Harvey Adams, a British potter,

07:47is probably at the origin of the invention of the moustache cup

07:50in the 1870s.

07:53He patented a butterfly-shaped inner rim

07:56with a hole to drink without soaking his moustache.

07:59This innovation quickly seduced the United Kingdom

08:02before conquering the rest of Europe.

08:05The moustache cups were sold in shops like Sears

08:08and Marshall Fields, now part of the Macy's line.

08:11They were available in various formats and styles.

08:14Some, called farmer's cups,

08:17could hold up to a pint of tea.

08:20Others were small delicate porcelain pieces,

08:23sometimes in the form of shells

08:26or struck on the name of their owner.

08:29They were often accompanied by cutouts.

08:32Byron, one of the greatest British poets,

08:35owned a real personal zoo

08:38made up of many dogs, cats and a collection of exotic animals.

08:41Among them were a monkey, a crocodile,

08:44a fox, a sloth, a bear and several boars.

08:47When Byron studied at the Trinity College of Cambridge,

08:50a rule forbade the presence of dogs on campus.

08:53This prohibition deeply irritated him

08:56and he decided to be wary of them.

08:59Byron saw an unusual animal,

09:02a tame bear.

09:05The Trinity College authorities tried to dissuade him

09:08but as no rule explicitly mentioned bears,

09:11they could not stop him.

09:14Byron walked his bear in the woods,

09:17talked to him and even considered registering him as a student.

09:20The exact origin of this bear remains unknown

09:23but what is certain is that at his departure from Cambridge,

09:26Byron decided to integrate his domain.

Category

Transcript

Recommended