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Medico Macha
  • 6/21/2025
Transcript
00:00Hello, friends. So, we are starting a very, very important topic, forensic psychiatry.
00:05Now, you must be thinking, sir, why do we discuss this topic here? It's a part of psychiatry.
00:12The reason is forensic plus psychiatry. Forensic plus psychiatry, it's application of forensic
00:21medicine in psychiatry. So, we are using forensic psychiatry for law and justice. We are using
00:28forensic psychiatry for law and justice. Application of medicine or application of forensic medicine
00:37in psychiatry. Friends, insane. Insane. In the world, there are two types of people. Insane
00:47and insane. Insane is a person who is mentally ill. So, for mentally ill person, we use the word
00:55insane. Friends, now, any person who commits the crime, I'm giving a very, very simple word.
01:05If any person who commits a crime, there should be two things. First is mensaria and the second
01:13is actosreus. So, these are the two components which are required for crime. The number one
01:19is mensaria. Then, number two is actosreus. What is the meaning of mensaria? See, the meaning of
01:27mensaria. What is the meaning of mensaria? It's a mens, is a mind. Ria is criminal. Criminal mind
01:34is known as mensaria. When you have the criminal mind, it is known as mensaria. Criminal mind,
01:41guilt or criminal intent, it is known as mensaria. And what is actosreus? Actosreus? It is a forbidden
01:49act. It's a forbidden act. Any criminal act, I would say. Like you committed murder, it's
01:55a forbidden act. So, for crime, we require two things. Number one, mensaria, a criminal
02:01mind, criminal intent. The second is a forbidden act. Now, what happens in the insane? In insane,
02:10in insane, if insane commits the crime, if insane commits the crime, there will be forbidden
02:15actosreus is there. But sir, there is no mensaria. There is no criminal mind, no guilt, no criminal
02:24intent. That is the reason, that is the reason, if insane commits the crime, insane is not responsible
02:32for crime. Insane is not responsible for crime. Now, for criminal responsibility of insane, we use
02:40few important law or I would say few rule. Criminal responsibility of insane. The first one is
02:48McNaughton's rule. McNaughton rule was implemented in 1843. 1843. And McNaughton rule is also known as
02:57right or wrong test or the legal test. Sometimes you can get a question. McNaughton rule, other names
03:04are right or wrong test or legal test. Now, this is a very, very important rule. It is implemented
03:10in 1843. Actually, McNaughton committed a crime and McNaughton was insane. He committed murder
03:18and he was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. He was suffering from a mental disease that was
03:27paranoid schizophrenia. And he committed murder. But he was insane. That's why he escaped.
03:35So, very, very important one is McNaughton rule, 1843. What was McNaughton rule? An accused person
03:43is not legally responsible if it is clearly proved. If it is clearly proved that at the time of committing
03:49the crime, at the time of committing the crime, he was suffering from, I am highlighting this point
03:55again and again, my dear friend. At the time of committing the crime, he was suffering from
04:00defect of the reason due to abnormality of the mind. Defect of the reason. You all know what is
04:07the reasoning power? We give reason for everything. But if there is a defect of the reason due to disease
04:13of mind, disease of mind is a mental disease. If it is there, that was a McNaughton rule. He didn't
04:20know the nature and the quality of the act he was doing or that what he was doing was wrong. As I told
04:26you, it's a right or wrong test. He was not aware whether it's right or wrong because of defect of the
04:33reason due to disease of the mind. You have, I highlighted this word, defect of the reason due to
04:39disease of the mind. This was a McNaughton rule, 1843, right or wrong test or legal test.
04:45And this is image of McNaughton. Now, sir, as I told you, McNaughton rule was implemented in 1843.
04:55Now, the trick comes in action. 1843, in India, we apply 84 IPC for insane. It's a modification of
05:06the McNaughton rule. In India, we apply 84 IPC. As I told you, if you commit the crime, you require
05:12two things. Manceria actus reus. Manceria actus reus. Criminal mind intent or forbidden act. Now,
05:22what is 84 IPC? Nothing is an offense. Now, in McNaughton rule, it was defect of reason due to
05:28disease of mind. Okay. But what is a modification in 84 IPC? Nothing an offense which is done by a
05:35person who, at the time of doing it, my dear friend, I'm highlighting this point.
05:40By reason of unsoundness of mind. Here, the highlighted point is unsoundness of the mind
05:46is incapable of knowing the nature of the act or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary
05:54to the law. So, here, the word which is very important, unsoundness of the mind. We have two
06:02mind, sound mind and unsound mind. Because of the unsoundness of mind, he is not aware about the
06:06nature and quality of the act. He is not aware whether it's a right or wrong. Unsoundness of
06:10the mind, which is a very, very important terminology for 84 IPC. So, we have discussed
06:16McNaughton rule, 1843, 84, 84 IPC in India. That's very simple. Now, 84 IPC, I have discussed,
06:24we are talking about the insanity. But in a simple way, we can remember the sequence also. We have
06:31discussed the 84 IPC is related with insane. Now, in the sequence, 85 IPC and 86 IPC. These are not
06:41related with insane, but these are related with, these are related with intoxication. And we can
06:48use a word drunkenness. Then you commit the crime. What will be there? Okay. So, we have discussed
06:56McNaughton rule, not responsible. We have discussed the 84 IPC, not responsible. McNaughton rule,
07:01defect of the reason due to disease of mind. And 84 IPC, unsoundness of the mind. Main highlighted
07:05point. What is 85 IPC and 86? As I told you, these are not related with, these are not related with
07:13insanity. These are related with intoxication. Friends, I am highlighting, this is involuntary
07:20intoxication. You are not aware. And this is a voluntary drunkenness. This is voluntarily
07:33drunkenness. Now, if, what is this? 85 IPC. If an act done by a person who is incapable of knowing
07:42the nature of the act due to intoxication is not an offense. It is not an offense. Why
07:49after intoxication, you committed the crime and it is not an offense? You are not responsible
07:54and are is not responsible because I am coming to a very, very important point. The thing which
08:00is intoxicated to you, that you are without the knowledge or against your will. You don't
08:10have the knowledge that some intoxicated substance was given to you. And it was against your will.
08:16So you are not responsible because this is involuntary intoxication. Now I am coming to the,
08:22so you are not responsible for crime. You are not responsible for crime. Okay. Now I am coming
08:30to 86 IPC. A voluntarily intoxicated person, I am highlighting it again and again, my dear
08:36friend, voluntarily intoxicated person, I would say voluntary intoxication, voluntary drug taken,
08:43voluntarily drunkenness is criminally responsible. So here the main word is CR, criminally responsible
08:50because it is a voluntary intoxication, voluntary drunkenness. You consumed alcohol, you consumed
08:55drugs, you consumed beer, then you committed the crime. If you committed the crime, you are
09:00responsible for crime. You are responsible for crime. This is 86 IPC because you had an intention
09:11and you had a knowledge of committing the crime. This is 86 IPC. So according to 85 IPC, you are not
09:18responsible because of voluntary intoxication, involuntary. 85 IPC is involuntary intoxication, but 86 IPC is
09:25voluntary drunkenness. You will be responsible for crime. Very, very important. Now, sir, I told you
09:32the McNaughton rule and 84 IPC already discussed for insanity. Now, I just made a trick for you. What
09:38are the other important law for insanity? A. American Law Institute test.
09:46American Law Institute test or American Law Institute. Very, very important test. It was implemented in 1972. B. Browner's
10:00rule not used nowadays or Browner's law. C. Curran's rule or Curran's law. D. Durham
10:16rule. And E, there is no test for E, but you can remember E for irresistible impulse test.
10:27Irresistible impulse test. My dear friend, irresistible impulse test is also known as New Hampshire
10:40Doctrine. New Hampshire Doctrine. New Hampshire Doctrine. So you have to remember, sir, these are the
10:51law for insanity. A. American Law Institute test. B. Browner's rule. C. Curran's rule. D. Durham's rule.
10:59E is a sound irresistible impulse test, which is also known as New Hampshire Doctrine rule.
11:07Now, I told you 1843. Now, this is the law. American Law Institute test. 1972, it was implemented.
11:16So here, the mean is, it is 70s. It is current 60s. And in Durham's, it is 50s. 1972, 1961 and 1952. If you
11:26want to remember the year, you can remember. These are some very, very important law for insanity.
11:32Now, how would you remember, sir? American Law Institute test. I am telling you, my dear friend,
11:38the simplest trick, A for American, A, A, A. Same thing almost. A person is not responsible
11:46for the crime. The person is not responsible for crime. If at the time of committing the crime
11:52or time of committing the conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacks, as I told
12:00you, you have to remember what he is lacking. I told you in McNaughton rule, defect of the
12:04reason due to disease of mind. In 84, IPC, unsoundness of the mind. You have to pick
12:07those two words. Here, what you are lacking, A, first A, adequate capacity. Adequate capacity
12:16either to appreciate the criminality of the conduct or adjust his conduct. Again, I am telling
12:25you, A, American Law Institute test. What he is lacking? He is lacking adequate capacity
12:30to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or adjust his conduct to the requirement of
12:35the law. So, it is A, appreciate, A, adequate, A, adjust. You have to keep this in mind.
12:42So, adequate capacity to appreciate the criminality of the conduct or adjust the conduct. This is
12:48lacking due to mental disease. This is American Law Institute test. A, A, A. Now, B, Browner's
12:54I did not discuss. Browner's is not used nowadays. But currents, how would you remember currents?
12:59C for currents, C, C, C, C, C, C, C. So, that is a trick to remember. An accused person
13:07is not criminally responsible if at the time of committing the act, he did not have the first
13:11C, capacity to regulate his conduct, capacity to regulate his conduct to the requirement of
13:20the law as a result of mental disease. It means that there was A, A, A in American, there is a C,
13:26C, C, C, capacity to regulate the conduct. Now, if you want to go in detail, almost same rule is
13:31Browner's. In Browner's, they use also the capacity, but the word given is substantial capacity.
13:40The word given in Browner's rule is substantial capacity. Just keep in mind. So, A, A, A, C, C, C.
13:51Capacity to regulate its conduct is lacking. Now, my dear friend, Durham's rule is actually also known
13:56as product test. Durham's rule is also known as product test. Now, the word is main is product.
14:03An accused person is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act is a product of mental disease or
14:10mental defect. If unlawful act is a product of mental disease or mental. So, A, A, A, C, C, C and
14:18Durham's, Durham's is product. Okay. Irregistible impulse test, the very important New Hampshire
14:26doctrine, the last one, it states that an accused person is not criminally responsible even if he
14:33knows the nature and quality of his act and knows that it is wrong, knows that it is wrong. If he is
14:40incapable of restraining himself from committing the act, he is not able to restrain, not able to
14:47resist of doing this act. Why, why, why, why? Why, why, why? Because my dear friend, the free agency of
14:56his will has been destroyed by mental disease. Free agency of his will has been destroyed by mental
15:05disease. Means the free will power has been destroyed. Free agency of the will has been
15:10destroyed. It is a irregistible impulse test or it is New Hampshire rule doctrine. Very, very
15:17important. Free agency of the will has been destroyed by the mental disease. Now, my dear
15:22friends, civil response, we have discussed the criminal responsibility, civil responsibility
15:26of insane. Yes, my topic is this. Civil responsibility of insane. Now, what is the civil responsibility
15:38of insane? A very important word comes testamentary capacity. Testamentary. What is the meaning of
15:44testament? Testament meaning is will. What is the meaning of testament? Testament means will.
15:50So, what is the testamentary capacity? The mental capacity to make valid will. The mental capacity to make
16:01valid will. To make valid will. So, if you want to make a will, you want to write down your property and
16:10transfer it to someone, you require the mental capacity. This mental capacity is known as testamentary
16:16testamentary capacity. Now, what do you require for making a valid will? The first and foremost is
16:23sound mind. Sound mind, not unsound mind. Insane person cannot write down the will or cannot make a
16:32valid will. Sound mind, this sound mind is known as compose mantis. Second thing you require, your age should be
16:43above 18 or 18. And of course, this, your will has to be certified by a doctor. That you have a sound mind. So,
16:55the sound mind has to be certified by a doctor. Sound mind. And you are a testator. Whoever write down the
17:03will or make a valid will, that is if you are making a valid will, you are a testator. Sound mind. Doctor will
17:11certify that you have a sound mind. Unsound mind people cannot write down the will. If you want to
17:16go in detail, T3E8, it's a 31 IPC is related with testamentary capacity. Now, H for holographic
17:30will. Holograph will. If you write down the will in your handwriting, if you write down the will
17:39in your own handwriting, your handwriting, own handwriting, your handwriting, this is known as
17:44holographic will. So, it's a very simple trick. H for holographic will, H for written in your
17:51handwriting. This is known as holographic. So, this is the first very, very important part that if you
17:57are making the will, you should have sound mind and your age should be above 18. Doctor has to
18:03certify this that you have a sound mind which is known as composed mantis. This is the first important
18:07part. Now, civil responsibility of insane. Other point. Now, if you are insane, a manager is appointed
18:16if the insane person is incapable of managing his property. This is appointed by court. This is
18:25appointed by court. Manager is appointed. So, this is another very, very important part.
18:31Second one. A contract is invalid during the period of insanity. A contract is invalid. Like you make
18:40any contract during the period of insanity, it would be invalid because you are insane. The marriage and
18:46the consent are invalid. Doctor, what is 90 IPC? It is not related with marriage. It is consent.
18:52If you are insane. If you are insane, you cannot give consent because you do not understand anything.
19:00So, this question comes in exam. What is 90 IPC? If you do not understand anything, you are insane.
19:06You cannot give consent for anything. Consent is not valid for insane person. This is 90 IPC. Now,
19:13if you are married and you are insane. After insanity, you got married. This marriage will be null
19:21and void marriage. Courage. Zero marriage. Yes. But sir, if after marriage, you become insane.
19:31If you become insane. If you become insane after marriage, then what would happen, sir? Your marriage
19:40is valid. If you become insane after marriage, your marriage is valid. But you are insane, then you
19:47got married. It is a null and void. Two different things. After marriage, you are insane. It is valid.
19:55But sir, three years. If you are insane after marriage for three years, the party can file a divorce
20:06case. That's a different thing. So, again, I am telling you, my dear friend, if you are insane,
20:11then you got married. It is a null and void. It is a zero marriage. But after marriage, you become
20:17insane. This marriage is valid. But if you are insane for three years, then the party can get
20:22divorced. That's a different thing. Now, friends, in court of law, I told you one thing.
20:28There is no age limit for giving evidence. No age limit for testify. That was 118 Indian Evidence Act.
20:36But that is a one part of 118 Indian Evidence Act. If you see the second part of 118 Indian Evidence Act,
20:42an insane person, very, very important, is not competent to testify in the court.
20:47If he is unable to understand the question put to him, this is also a 118 Indian Evidence Act. It means
20:54118 Indian Evidence Act is related with insane because if insane is there, it cannot testify if
21:01he doesn't understand the question which has been put to him. And second part, there is no age limit
21:07of giving evidence in court. That is a different part which I discussed in this one. So, 90 IPC,
21:12insane cannot give consent. And in court, insane cannot testify according to 118 Indian Evidence Act.
21:20Another very, very important issue. Now, sir, you are insane, but you become sane. Again,
21:27you become insane. This period is known as lucid interval. Now, friends, lucid interval we'll discuss
21:33in the traumatology also, like it is seen in extradural hematoma, in some cases of subdural hematoma,
21:40lucid interval is seen. But, sir, this lucid interval is related with forensic psychiatry.
21:44Now, if in lucid interval, you commit the crime, because in lucid interval you are seen,
21:52you will be responsible for crime. R is a responsible.
21:54And my dear friend, in lucid interval, if you want to act as a witness,
22:04in lucid interval, if you want to act as a witness, yes, you can act. So, this is known
22:08as lucid interval. You will be responsible for crime. As a witness, in lucid interval,
22:15you can give evidence in court. Yes, your evidence will be valid. Very, very important.
22:21Now, I am coming to some, like, part of the psychiatry, some perception disorder.
22:28My dear friend, any false sense of perception, any false sense of perception,
22:41any false sense of perception, I am coming to the first one, if, if, if, this one.
22:48If, if external stimulus is absent, there is no external stimulus, my dear friend.
22:56There is nothing, but I can see something. There is nothing, but I can hear.
23:00I can feel, I can touch, I can smell. If external stimulus is absent, this is known as hallucination.
23:08So, first perception disorder is hallucination. But, sir, remember, here, external stimulus is absent.
23:15Now, different type of hallucination, my dear friend. Number one, visual, visual hallucination.
23:22Number two, auditory, sound hallucination. Number three, olfactory. You can smell something without
23:29anything. Gustatory test and tactile hallucination. And my dear friend, tactile hallucination, a very,
23:39very important example is Magnan syndrome. I'll discuss in the toxicology also, Magnan syndrome.
23:49Cocaine bugs. Magnan syndrome is also known as cocaine bugs.
23:56Like you feel some insects are creeping, rodents are creeping or crowling on your skin. You feel that
24:05is a tactile hallucination. It is seen in cocaine poisoning. It is also known as Magnan syndrome or
24:10cocaine bugs. So, as I told you, if external stimulus is absent, still you feel false perception.
24:18It is known as hallucination. Now, I am coming to illusion. Second one. Second, very, very important
24:26one is illusion. If external stimulus is present and you misinterpret. If external stimulus is present,
24:38but you misinterpret this. Example, there is a rope in front of you, but if you misinterpret it as a
24:47snake. So, both are the disorder of perception. One is hallucination and the second is illusion.
24:55In hallucination, external stimuli are absent. And in illusion, external stimulus is present and you
25:02misinterpret this. Very, very important. Now, sir, I just made a trick for you.
25:08Vofa. What is Vofa? Visual hallucination, V. It is common in organic diseases or organic disorder,
25:20O. And A, auditory hallucination. Yes, my dear friend. It is common in functional disorder,
25:35O. Again, I am revising my dear friend. So, what is the trick to remember? It is very simple. V.
25:42Visual hallucination, O. Organic disease. So, if you got a question, in organic disease,
25:47it can be visual hallucination. But if you got a question, in functional disorder or in psychiatric
25:52problem, which is the most common? In psychiatric problem and in functional disorder, the most common is
26:00auditory hallucination. So, you can remember by Vofa. Visual, organic, functional, auditory. That's a
26:07very simple trick I have made for you. Now, sir, I have discussed the disorder of perception. I am
26:14coming to thought disorder. Very, very potential. Thinking disorder. And my first thinking disorder
26:21is delusion. Now, you must be thinking, sir, what is this thinking disorder? It is the thinking
26:28disorder. Your content of the thought. It is a disorder of content of the thought. Your content
26:39of the thought has been changed. Aapki thinking ka saman change hogaya. Content of the thought
26:45has been changed. And, sir, it is false and firm. Very, very important, sir. This content
26:51of the thought has become false and firm. This is false. Not true. But this has become firm. And even
26:59you can use a word. It is fixed. It is fixed. False, firm, and fixed belief. Yes, fixed belief.
27:08In something which is not a fact, S.E. Koibici's firm, false, and fixed belief, which is not a fact
27:17that persists even after its falsicity has been demonstrated. Its falsicity has been demonstrated
27:25to you. Someone has given proof to you it is wrong. But still, that false, firm, and fixed
27:31belief in your mind. Content of the thought. This content of the thought disorder is delusion.
27:40Now, I am coming to few types of delusion. Number one is delusion of persecution. Most common type
27:48of delusion is delusion of persecution. It is a delusion of harm. It is a delusion of harm
27:58or delusion of killing. You are thinking like someone will kill me. Someone will harm me.
28:04This is known as delusion of persecution. The most common type of delusion. Second,
28:11grandiosity or exaltation. So, if you get a question, the most common is delusion of persecution.
28:17The second is grandiosity, grandeur, or exaltation. It is you are having the superiority image
28:23in yourself. You are feeling superiority image. Superior. You are feeling like, I am the big
28:33boss. I can earn. I have. I can destroy. I am the big boss. I have everything. Superiority
28:41image. It is delusion of grandiosity or delusion of exaltation. It is very, very common in mania.
28:49It is very, very common in mania. Now, delusion of nihilism. Nihilistic.
28:59Agar kohi kai meri paas thousand croda mein kisi ka kuch bhi kar sakta hon. This is delusion
29:02of grandiosity. Imagines he doesn't exist or there is a no word. This is known as delusion of nihilism.
29:12This is known as delusion of nihilism. He doesn't exist. If you see my existence is not there
29:17and there is no word. This is known as delusion of nihilism and it is common in depression.
29:25It is common in depression. Okay. Delusion of infidelity. Infidelity means bevafai ka delusion.
29:34Infidelity. Like you are thinking your partner is not loyal to you. Your partner is not loyal,
29:42unfaithful to you. This is delusion of infidelity. And my dear friend, it is also known as
29:50Othello syndrome. And how would you remember, sir? I am telling you. It's a very simple trick.
29:55If your partner is not loyal, what you will say? Please take an oath. Othello. Othello.
30:00So, the trick is very simple. You will take, you will say your partner, Othello. So, that's a trick
30:06to remember. Othello syndrome is a delusion of infidelity. It is also known as morbid jealousy.
30:14It can be seen in other also conditions like alcohol, cannabis, abuse, psychosis. Yes. These
30:23are the common causes of, these are alcohol, cannabis and psychosis. These are the common causes
30:30of morbid jealousy. And it's a delusion of infidelity. Erotomania. So, and remember my
30:37dear friend, this delusion of infidelity is more common in male if we compare with female. More
30:42common in male. Okay. Now, erotomania. Erotomania is delusion of love. Yes, my dear friend. It is
30:51delusion of love. And it is more common in female. Contrary. If you are thinking like someone of high
31:00status person loves you. And of course, this delusion of erotomania, it is also known
31:07as D. Klerenbolt syndrome. D. Klerenbolt syndrome. D. Klerenbolt syndrome. Now, how to remember?
31:16You just remember a trick. Bolt loves me. Female thinks like the Bolt loves me. That's a very,
31:24very simple trick. Delusion of love. It is very common in female. Like female thinks
31:31like the boy or the mane is thinking about him. About the mane and male is thinking about
31:37her. The female is thinking in that way. This is D. Klerenbolt syndrome. This is D. Klerenbolt
31:44syndrome. So, this is delusion of love. Common in female. Erotomania. It is erotomania. So,
31:50this is delusion of erotomania which is known as D. Klerenbolt syndrome. It is very common
31:55in female. So, I told you infidelity is common in male. Othello. And Bolt loves you. Female
32:02thinks like Bolt loves me. That's a D. Klerenbolt syndrome. Okay. Now, hypochondriacal. Hypochondriacal
32:09delusion is very simple. If you are thinking that something is wrong in your body. Something
32:14is wrong in your body. And you are believing that you are having a very serious disease. This
32:19is hypochondriacal delusion. You are going for the test. But the tests are negative.
32:25Old tests are negative. But you have the delusion. You have the problem that there is some problem
32:30in my body. Going for multiple investigation. This is hypochondriacal delusion. Delusion
32:35of influence, my dear friend. Very, very important. Very, very important. And see, sir, see the
32:40difference. As I told you. In delusion of love, you are thinking someone loves me of high status.
32:47Of high status. Okay. But delusion of influence, a person believe that is taught and emotion and
32:54action are influenced or controlled by some external urgency like telepathy, radio or external force.
33:02It means what is the delusion of influence? You think like you are being controlled by someone.
33:08You are being controlled by someone. This is known as delusion of influence or delusion of
33:13this control. You are being controlled by someone. Delusion of reference, sir. Little bit
33:18different, sir. Here, a person believes that he is being referred by all agencies. It is
33:24that I am referred by all agencies. Everyone is talking about me. That's a reference. Everyone
33:31is talking about me. Like media, persons around him. That is delusion of reference. Media and
33:39person around him. In any occurrence concerning him. This is known as delusion of reference.
33:44Everyone is talking about me. Media and reference. Cotard, sir. Cotard, you can remember. Cotard.
33:50Cotard. It's a kind of you are being tired. Tired. Cotard. Tard. Done. Tired. It is a delusional
33:57belief that he is dead, lost his blood or internal organs and the body is putrefying. Bodies decompose.
34:04My, my body is gone. My body is putrefied. I am dead. And if it is my, I lost my blood. This
34:13is known as Cotard. Cotard. So how would you remember? Delusion of this infidelity. Othlo,
34:19Othello. Declarem Bolt. Bolt loves me. Delusion of love. And Cotard, everything is tired. Everything
34:25is gone. Tard. It's Cotard. Okay. This is dead. Now, sir, I am coming to delusion of double.
34:33And how would you remember? I am telling you just simple trick to remember. One is Capgras.
34:36Second is Frigolin. So you just remember, I am writing Capgras as a Capgras. Capgras.
34:44So what is this? F. And what is this? S. What is the meaning of this? In Capgras syndrome,
34:51the familiar person is considered as a stranger. Familiar person is considered as a stranger. So
35:03the trick is very simple. Capgras. I am writing Capgras as a Capgras. Like, see,
35:09you have brother in front of you. But you are thinking, no, he is not my brother. He is saying
35:19that I am your brother. But you are thinking, no, he is not my brother. He is imposter or double of my
35:25brother. Imposter. He is an imposter of my brother. Double of my brother. He is not my brother. He is a
35:32duplicate of my brother. So that's a simple trick. If familiar person, familial person are
35:39considered as a stranger, it's a Capgras. So what will do? Capgras? No, Capgras. Automatically,
35:45the opposite will be Frigoli. It's a, it's a opposite will be Frigoli. What is this? It's simple,
35:51sir. Stranger are considered as a familiar person. Some stranger person came to you,
36:00but you are thinking, like a, a popper, a beggar came to you, but you are thinking,
36:04oh no, no, he is my boss. So stranger, you are considering it as a familiar. This is Frigoli.
36:10Capgras, familiar, it is strange. Both are delusion of double and misidentification,
36:15delusion. So it's very simple. This is known as delusion of doubles. So my dear friends,
36:21these are the examples of delusions, delusion of double, Capgras and delusion of Frigoli.
36:26That's very, very important.