- 6/21/2025
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00:00:00So hello friends we are starting a very very important topic medical jurisprudence. Now my
00:00:05dear friend what is medical jurisprudence? It is application of law. It is application of law for
00:00:14medicine. It is application of law for medicine. Now what is forensic medicine application of
00:00:22medicine for law? Now what is the meaning of this? It deals with legal responsibility of a doctor.
00:00:31It deals with legal responsibility of a doctor. Legal responsibility of a doctor arising during
00:00:42practice. Arising during practice of medicine means whenever you are practicing for medicine
00:00:51what are the legal responsibility of a doctor? All the legal responsibility like whether you
00:00:57should take consent or not, infamous conduct, negligence. So all the things which I am talking
00:01:05about consent, negligence, infamous conduct, wrong practice, malpractice everything comes under a
00:01:14very important topic which is medical jurisprudence. It is application of law
00:01:21during practice of medicine. Okay now Indian Medical Council Act was implemented in 1956. Now sir
00:01:30Medical Council of India has been converted in NMC. National Medical Commission NMC. It has been
00:01:39converted in NMC and there are four schedule. What are these four schedule? Actually first schedule,
00:01:44second schedule, schedule and then third schedule has two part. First schedule, second schedule. Now
00:01:50recognized medical qualification granted in medical universities of India or universities of
00:02:02India. It means university inside the India. It means it is for Indian medical graduate. It is for Indian
00:02:13medical graduate. All the recognized medical qualification. All the recognized medical qualification which is
00:02:18granted in the medical university inside the India. Now all recognized medical qualification that is granted
00:02:24that is granted outside India or I would use a word FMG foreign medical graduate. FMG foreign medical graduate.
00:02:37Now sir, so we have discussed two part. Very, very important one. Number one, first schedule by universities of India and second schedule outside the India. That's a foreign medical graduate. Now part one of the third schedule and part two of the third schedule.
00:02:52Now there are some medical education. Now there are some medical education granted in India which doesn't come under type one. It means sir, there are certain things which doesn't come under type one. Those Indian medical graduate, those Indian medical graduate which doesn't come in type one. That will be schedule three. That is part one. Same thing.
00:03:16There are few. There are few granted medical education outside the India which doesn't come under which which doesn't come under schedule two. So there are few foreign medical graduate which doesn't come under which doesn't come under schedule two. It means sir, listen very very carefully. Indian medical graduate comes under type one inside the India. Foreign medical graduate comes under type two. Very simple.
00:03:44Those who do not come under type one. Those who do not come under type one of Indian medical graduate. It's a part one schedule three. And those foreign medical graduate which is not a part of schedule two that come in part two schedule three. These are some very important. Now sir, what is medical etiquettes? It's a cursi observed between member of medical profession. Members of medical professions.
00:04:11It means sir, it means sir. It means sir, what is the helping nature? Helping nature between the members of medical profession. Helping each other, doctors helping each other, doctors helping other medical professionals. This cursi is known as medical etiquettes. It's a members cursi between members of medical profession. Very, very important.
00:04:33Now sir, I am coming to medical ethics. Medical etiquette is done. Etiquette is all about cursi. Okay. Now come to ethics. What is ethics? Ethics is a moral principle. Moral principle which should guide the member of medical profession while dealing with.
00:04:54Now sir, ethics has three important relations. Now sir, ethics has three important things. This is a moral principle. And there are three important relations.
00:05:03It is dealing with doctor with a doctor. That's very first important thing. Doctor with a patient means moral principle while dealing doctor with a patient.
00:05:17And doctor with a patient. Doctor with a patient. Doctor with a patient or society. It means that these are three relations of moral principle. Doctor dealing with another doctor. Doctor dealing with patient. And doctor dealing with society or state.
00:05:35This moral principle is coming under a very important definition. Medical ethics.
00:05:40Now, doctor, what is infamous conduct? I am telling you, my dear friend. If doctor is involved in infamous conduct, infamous conduct is also known as, infamous conduct is also known as serious professional misconduct. See, during profession, you are doing some wrong conduct.
00:05:59And doctor, any conduct, any conduct, which might be, which might be disgraceful, which might be disgraceful, which might be disgraceful during practice or dishonorable during practice.
00:06:17Disgraceful during practice, which is not graceful, which is not honorable. This conduct is known as infamous conduct. And my dear friend, infamous conduct is serious professional misconduct.
00:06:28Okay, during practice. Now, sir, if you are involved in infamous conduct, you can be given warning notice. And of, sir, warning notice is given for infamous conduct during practice.
00:06:45Infamous conduct during practice. And my dear friend, warning notice, warning notice, it is, it is very, very important. My dear friend, it is very, very important.
00:06:58Warning notice is given for infamous conduct. And just remember, it is not a complete list.
00:07:08It is not a complete list. It is incomplete. Means there are many things which are not given in warning notice. Now, sir, what are the warning notice given for infamous conduct? What are these infamous conduct?
00:07:18Number one, alcoholism. Number one, alcoholism. Number one, alcoholism. If during practice, if you are involved in alcoholism, you are alcoholic, you are consuming alcohol during practice, it is first warning notice can be given.
00:07:33And of course, I am giving a trick, 6A. 6A. Sir, second, addiction. If you are drug addicted, warning notice can be given. Very, very important. Third, my dear friend, very, very important. Third, my dear friend, wrong advertisement or advertisement, extra advertisement.
00:07:52Means if you are involved in many advertisement of your degree, many advertisement of your post, many advertisement of your practice, this is an infamous conduct. Warning notice can be given.
00:08:02Association with unqualified person. Association with unqualified person. Means if the person is not qualified as far as medical practice is concerned, and you are associated with that person, this is an infamous conduct.
00:08:19Sir, sir, adultery, extramarital affair, I already told you. And the last but not the least, my dear friend, it is abortion. I am not talking about the medical abortion. Friends, if you are involved in criminal abortion.
00:08:34And I told you all the important IPC for criminal abortion. These are 6A. Alcoholism, addiction, advertisement and association. What is the meaning of association, my dear friend? Listen very, very carefully.
00:08:46It is association with unqualified person. Then adultery. Then it is abortion. If you are involved. Now, sir, B, it is bribe. Yes, my dear friend, 6A are done. If you are taking bribe.
00:08:59Now, C, what is C? C is covering. My dear friend, as I told you, association is association with unqualified person. What is covering? If you are assisting any unqualified person.
00:09:16If you are assisting any unqualified person. Or if you are taking any kind of assistance from unqualified person. Taking help from unqualified person. This is an honest covering.
00:09:29Now, sir, I am coming to very, very important word. D. D is dichotomy. What is dichotomy, sir? Actually, in simple word, dichotomy is fee splitting.
00:09:40In simple word, dichotomy is fee splitting of patient. It means you have taken the fee from the patient. And now, sir, what you are doing? You are dividing this fee in commission.
00:09:56Either you are giving commission or you are taking commission. Either you are giving commission to medical representative, pharmacist, other doctor. This is an honest dichotomy.
00:10:08Taking fee from the patient, getting commission or giving commission. This is an honest dichotomy.
00:10:13E, my dear friend, this question can come in an exam. E is euthanasia.
00:10:19E is euthanasia. Euthanasia is painless killing. And sometimes it becomes illegal.
00:10:26So, be careful. It's a euthanasia. Making false certificate, my dear friend.
00:10:31Making false document. And this question comes in exam. This question is a very important question.
00:10:37If doctor is making false document, false certificate, which IPC would be applicable?
00:10:41This, I already told you in the IPC section. It is 197 IPC. Making false document or false certificate.
00:10:49And last is, my dear friend, taking gift. There are many doctors who are taking gift.
00:10:56This is also infamous conduct. These are the condition where you can get warning notice.
00:11:01That is 6A, B, bribe. C, covering. D, dichotomy. E, euthanasia.
00:11:06F, false certificate. And G, for gift. These are some very, very important.
00:11:10Now, sir, like you are involved in infamous conduct. If you are involved in infamous conduct, the act will be unethical.
00:11:19And, sir, this disciplinary control is done by SMC. What is SMC? It is State Medical Council.
00:11:31SMC is State Medical Council. You have to take care of the State Medical Council because State Medical Council can give you punishment.
00:11:39Now, sir, first, very, very important, sir, this State Medical Council make a committee of a doctor.
00:11:49This make a committee of a doctor.
00:11:53This committee of a doctor, this committee of a doctor decides whether your act is ethical or unethical.
00:12:05Then they take a decision.
00:12:08Now, doctor, warning notice is different. They can give you the warning.
00:12:13If the act is unethical, if the act is unethical, they can give you warning.
00:12:20What is warning? Not to repeat the offense.
00:12:25Not to repeat the offense.
00:12:28They can give you warning.
00:12:30Yes, my dear friend.
00:12:31Don't repeat the offense.
00:12:33They can give you warning.
00:12:34They can go for temporary suspension.
00:12:39They can go for temporary suspension.
00:12:42Warning, temporary suspension.
00:12:43So, this is the first thing they can go for.
00:12:45Second is temporary.
00:12:46You are suspended.
00:12:48Now, the third, which is very, very important.
00:12:50Penal eraser.
00:12:51My dear friend, penal eraser is also known as professional death sentence.
00:12:58Penal eraser is also known as professional death sentence.
00:13:08It means you and your profession has been died.
00:13:13You are not able to go for your practice.
00:13:16It may be few months.
00:13:18It may be few years.
00:13:19Your practice is died.
00:13:21Professional death sentence.
00:13:23Penal eraser.
00:13:24What is a penal eraser?
00:13:25Eraser of name of a doctor.
00:13:30Eraser of name of a doctor from medical register.
00:13:36From medical register.
00:13:40All you know that after MBBS, you are registered in state medical council and MCI.
00:13:45But sir, here the name of a doctor is erased.
00:13:51It means now you are not able to practice.
00:13:52Name of a doctor is erased from medical register.
00:13:56This is known as penal eraser.
00:13:58And this is also known as professional death sentence.
00:14:02Very, very potential MCI.
00:14:03And doc, sir.
00:14:04After penal eraser, you have told someone that you are permanently erased.
00:14:08Your name is erased.
00:14:09Now you are not able to practice.
00:14:10What you will do?
00:14:10You can go and appeal at health ministry.
00:14:15That is central health ministry.
00:14:21Central health ministry.
00:14:23And even if it is appealed at central health ministry.
00:14:26And even central health ministry says now it is okay, sir.
00:14:28You will be erased.
00:14:29Your name will be erased.
00:14:30You are not able to practice.
00:14:31Then it can be confirmed by MCI.
00:14:34It can be confirmed by MCI Medical Council of India.
00:14:38But you can appeal at central health ministry.
00:14:40So this is, these are the disciplinary control.
00:14:43And you can get a question.
00:14:43These are the disciplinary control of which body they are?
00:14:46State Medical Council.
00:14:48Very, very important.
00:14:49Medical committee.
00:14:50They take the decision.
00:14:52And then it will process the warning.
00:14:53Temporary suspension or penal eraser.
00:14:56Penal eraser is also known as professional death sentence.
00:14:59Now, sir, I told you euthanasia.
00:15:04Euthanasia is also known as mercy killing or causing painless death.
00:15:19For disease, which is very, very important.
00:15:21For which disease?
00:15:22Disease, which is terminal illness.
00:15:25Yes, my dear friend.
00:15:26First component is a terminal illness or the disease, which is incurable.
00:15:31Or the disease, which is incurable.
00:15:35The person or doctor can go for euthanasia.
00:15:37And actually, there is an article of Indian constitution number 21.
00:15:44What is this?
00:15:45This is right to live or right to live, not die.
00:15:51And of some, it means euthanasia breaches this article, right to live.
00:15:57Euthanasia breaches this article.
00:16:00We don't have right to die.
00:16:02Euthanasia is a right to die.
00:16:04So, if you got a question, which article is breached by euthanasia?
00:16:08The answer will be Indian constitution article 21.
00:16:11Now, sir, euthanasia can be two type active.
00:16:15Active means you are giving drug.
00:16:17You are giving drug.
00:16:19What are the name of the drug?
00:16:20Yes, phenobarbitone, thiopentone sodium, phenobarbitone, thiopentone sodium, insulin, and potassium.
00:16:36These are the drug, potassium chloride.
00:16:38These are the drug.
00:16:39And we can cause the painless death, cardiac arrhythmia.
00:16:41And there are many electrolytic imbalance can be caused.
00:16:44So, this is now passive euthanasia.
00:16:47My dear friend, in India, which euthanasia is legalized?
00:16:52The answer is passive euthanasia.
00:16:54In India, passive euthanasia is legalized.
00:16:57And my dear friend, it is removal of the, removal of the lifeline procedure.
00:17:06Or removal of the resucitative procedure.
00:17:11If you are, if you are on ventilator, if that is removed, if you are in ICU, if that is ICU service is removed, that is removal of the lifeline procedure.
00:17:21This is known as passive euthanasia.
00:17:24In India, passive euthanasia is legalized.
00:17:26Now, sir, remember, Netherlands was the first country.
00:17:30This question comes in exam.
00:17:31Now, Netherlands was the first country where passive euthanasia was legalized.
00:17:39Other countries are Belgium, Sweden, Thailand, and many other countries like Luxembourg.
00:17:51But, sir, you can get a question.
00:17:53Netherlands was the first country where passive euthanasia was legalized.
00:17:57It's a mercy killing.
00:17:57Now, sir, I told you, in India, it is which euthanasia is legalized?
00:18:04As I told you, it's very, very simple.
00:18:06It is passive euthanasia.
00:18:07And which was the first country?
00:18:09In India, it is passive euthanasia.
00:18:10And which was the first country?
00:18:12That was Netherlands.
00:18:14Now, sir, on the basis of will of the patient, on the basis of will of the patient, now, sir, voluntary, with will of the patient,
00:18:24if patient is willing to die, with will of patient, if patient is willing to die, it's a voluntary euthanasia.
00:18:32Now, non-voluntary, what is the meaning of non-voluntary?
00:18:36Patient is not able to give will, not able to express the will, not able to give or express the will.
00:18:44Now, I'm giving you an example.
00:18:47The patient is in coma.
00:18:50This will be non-voluntary.
00:18:53With will, voluntarily.
00:18:55Non-voluntary, not able to give will.
00:18:57Involuntary, my dear friend.
00:18:58Very, very important, sir.
00:19:00Involuntary is without will of the patient.
00:19:05Without will of the patient.
00:19:07And, sir, it can be considered as a murder without will of the patient.
00:19:12So, doctor, sir, there are three types, with will, not expressed to will, and without will.
00:19:17These are the three types of death or three types of euthanasia we can see.
00:19:22Now, sir, very, very important, sir.
00:19:24What is living will?
00:19:25This is my favorite MCQ, sir.
00:19:27Living will, if you speak in Hindi, it is one of the two.
00:19:32Doctor, what is living will?
00:19:34Living will is a document.
00:19:36You are making a document.
00:19:38And this document is actually a treatment option.
00:19:45This document is made for treatment option during, during, I am saying like you are in coma.
00:19:54Raksha, during coma, like you are giving a document that during coma, what will happen to me?
00:20:01What would happen to me?
00:20:02That is during coma, or during terminal illness, or during incurable diseases.
00:20:09In these cases, if you are giving a document for treatment option, it is like, see, if I am making a living will, that means I am making a document, like when I face any condition like coma, incurable disease, or terminal illness, what are the treatment of option available for me?
00:20:27What, what, what you will do with my body?
00:20:30That is known as living will.
00:20:32Now, sir, who can write living will?
00:20:34Any person age more than 18 years with sound mind.
00:20:42With sound mind.
00:20:43That's a composed mantis.
00:20:45And, Oksav, it is signed by at least two witnesses.
00:20:48It is signed by at least two witnesses.
00:20:54And, my dear friend, there is a word which is a very, very important, nominated representative.
00:21:00Doksav, in this, the nominated representative, who will decide everything, this nominated representative could be a doctor, could be your relative, because you already decided that what are the nominated representatives, that will decide what will happen to you.
00:21:22Means, aapke saath kya kia jayega.
00:21:24No, nominated representative.
00:21:26Doksav, it is attested by first class J.M.
00:21:33What is J.M.?
00:21:34Judicial magistrate.
00:21:36And, Oksav, if you have two living will, if you have made two living will, agar aapne do living will banna di, the last will be valid.
00:21:44If you have made two living will, the last will be valid.
00:21:48And, Oksav, after making living will, after it is attested by first class judicial magistrate, multiple steps will be taken.
00:21:55Multiple steps will be taken, whether you are eligible for euthanasia or not.
00:22:01Multiple steps are taken.
00:22:03Okay.
00:22:04So, after this, you can write down multiple steps are taken to decide whether you are eligible for euthanasia or not.
00:22:12So, these are some questions.
00:22:14Signs should be by witness.
00:22:15What are the nominated representative?
00:22:16It could be doctor or relatives and it is attested by first class judicial magistrate.
00:22:23Now, sir, first euthanasia will be decided by treating doctor.
00:22:27First, the treating doctor will decide whether the person is eligible for this painless killing.
00:22:34It's a painless killing.
00:22:35The person is eligible.
00:22:37So, as I told you, it is painless death.
00:22:40So, whether a person is eligible for painless killing, then they will make a medical board.
00:22:45And, Oksav, in medical board, at least there are three doctors.
00:22:49Three doctors.
00:22:51That doctor can be neurologist, like anesthesia.
00:22:54There can be the critical care doctor.
00:22:55There can be like the cardiologist.
00:22:58These are three doctors.
00:22:59Then, they sent the requisition to collector.
00:23:03Then, they sent the requisition to first class judicial magistrate because the copy is already given to first class judicial magistrate.
00:23:15These are the steps which has to be taken.
00:23:17And then, we have to get the notification that we can go for euthanasia.
00:23:22So, these are the steps which has to be taken.
00:23:24Very, very important, sir.
00:23:25Now, sir, who, like I told you, advertisement is not legalized.
00:23:30But, which doctor can advertise my dear friend?
00:23:32This question comes in the exam.
00:23:34Now, doctor starting the practice.
00:23:40If you have started the practice, you can advertise.
00:23:45And, if you temporary, if you temporary suggestion of the practice, you temporarily stop the practice.
00:23:59So, you can advertise during starting the practice and temporary suggestion of the practice.
00:24:03Second, doksav, any public health awareness notice or program.
00:24:10Public health awareness notice and program you can advertise.
00:24:13And, doksav, change in the address and change in the type of practice.
00:24:21Both questions come in the exam.
00:24:23Change in the address and change in the type of practice.
00:24:28These are the cases where you can advertise.
00:24:30Otherwise, advertisement is an illegal or infamous conduct.
00:24:36Very, very important.
00:24:37Starting the practice.
00:24:38Temporary suggestion of the practice.
00:24:40Yes, this question.
00:24:41If you are giving a public health awareness notice or information, you can give advertisement.
00:24:49And, address change and type of practice change.
00:24:52If you are changing the type of practice.
00:24:54Now, you are changing the type of practice as a surgery.
00:24:58You can advertise.
00:24:59These are the cases.
00:25:00Otherwise, not.
00:25:01Professional secrecy, my dear friend.
00:25:02Doksav, doctor is obliged to maintain the secret of the patient.
00:25:12To maintain the secret of the patient.
00:25:16Secret of the patient means disease of the patient.
00:25:21Means the professional secrecy means you should not reveal anything about the patient to anyone.
00:25:26This is professional secrecy.
00:25:27And, my dear friend.
00:25:28If doctor is disclosing the patient information, patient disease to anyone, it is a punishable offense.
00:25:37Be for punishable offense.
00:25:38Doksav, this is known as professional secrecy.
00:25:42This is known as professional secrecy.
00:25:44Most of the cases you should maintain the secret of patient.
00:25:47And, there is professional secrecy.
00:25:50That has to be maintained.
00:25:52Now, sir, privileged communication.
00:25:54Doctor, sir, privileged communication.
00:25:56What is privileged communication?
00:25:57I told you professional secrecy.
00:25:59Doctor should maintain the secret of the patient.
00:26:02Privileged communication is an exception of professional secrecy.
00:26:07It is an exception of professional secrecy.
00:26:09Here, doctor is obliged to communicate.
00:26:14Doctor is obliged to communicate about the patient or about the disease of patient to some concerned authority.
00:26:30To some concerned authority.
00:26:33It means, sir, in some cases, doctor is obliged to communicate.
00:26:39In these cases, doctor need not to maintain the secrecy.
00:26:42Doctor ko communicate karna hai.
00:26:45This is known as privileged communication.
00:26:47To exception of the professional secrecy.
00:26:50Exception of the professional secrecy is privileged communication.
00:26:54And, I am coming to the example of privileged communication.
00:26:58In which case, in which cases, doctor communicates.
00:27:01Doctor ko batana padega.
00:27:03Number one.
00:27:04Civic sin.
00:27:05I had given a trick.
00:27:06Civic sin.
00:27:07See for crime.
00:27:08Any criminal case.
00:27:09Any suspected criminal case comes to a doctor.
00:27:15And, doctor, this is a very important word.
00:27:18According to 39 CRPC, doctor should inform either to police or to magistrate.
00:27:26Any suspected criminal case comes.
00:27:28Information should be done.
00:27:30According to police.
00:27:31According to 39 CRPC to police or magistrate.
00:27:34First is criminal case.
00:27:34Infectious disease.
00:27:37My dear friend.
00:27:38Any member is having infectious disease.
00:27:40You should communicate this to the relative or other family member.
00:27:46Other family member.
00:27:47Veneral disease.
00:27:48Very, very important, sir.
00:27:49Like HIV.
00:27:52Hepatitis.
00:27:53Or syphilis.
00:27:55You should communicate to the partner or spouse.
00:28:01Partner or spouse.
00:28:03This is very important.
00:28:05Okay.
00:28:05So, you should communicate to the partner or your spouse.
00:28:09Interest of self.
00:28:11And, doctor, one thing I will tell you.
00:28:13Interest of patient.
00:28:14What is interest of self?
00:28:16Now, doctor, it's very simple.
00:28:19If doctor wants to.
00:28:20Like doctor went for surgery.
00:28:22Surgery.
00:28:23And doctor wants to put your name in newspaper.
00:28:30That, I perform this surgery of this person.
00:28:36Sir, before putting your name, doctor should take consent from the patient or relative.
00:28:44This is interest of patient.
00:28:46Now, court of law.
00:28:47I am giving you a very simple example.
00:28:48If court asks.
00:28:50If court asks.
00:28:52If court asks.
00:28:54Anything from a doctor.
00:28:56Like a medical negligence case.
00:28:59Like a medical negligence case.
00:29:02Court asks.
00:29:04Like, sir, what happened?
00:29:05What are the things which happened to this patient?
00:29:08What things you did?
00:29:10Because of court is asking you.
00:29:11You have to inform.
00:29:12So, these are the five examples of privileged communication.
00:29:15So, my dear friend.
00:29:16Criminal case should be informed to the police or magistrate.
00:29:19Infectious disease should be informed to the relative.
00:29:22Then, venereal disease should be informed to the partner or spouse.
00:29:26Then, interest of the self.
00:29:28If you are taking your advantage.
00:29:30You should inform to the patient or relative.
00:29:32And the last is court of law.
00:29:33If court asks you something.
00:29:35You have to inform the court.
00:29:37Now, sir.
00:29:38Servant and employer relationship.
00:29:40Now, sir.
00:29:41Any disease.
00:29:42Very important one.
00:29:43Any disease of a servant.
00:29:48Which is life endangering for other.
00:29:54Which is life endangering for other.
00:30:00Should be informed to the employer.
00:30:03Should be informed to the employer.
00:30:05I am giving example.
00:30:06Now, you are a train or bus driver.
00:30:10And my dear friend.
00:30:15You are having color blindness.
00:30:20You are a pilot of a aircraft.
00:30:24And you are having epilepsy.
00:30:28These are life endangering for other people.
00:30:32So, these are the cases.
00:30:34If the doctor gets.
00:30:35It should be informed to the employer.
00:30:38Employer means.
00:30:39Railway department.
00:30:40Air department.
00:30:42You should inform.
00:30:42Because.
00:30:43These are life endangering for other people.
00:30:45Train driver is color blind.
00:30:46Pilot is having epilepsy.
00:30:48These are life endangering for other people.
00:30:50Now, interest of patient.
00:30:51I am telling you.
00:30:52Interest of patient.
00:30:53Now.
00:30:53A patient is psychiatric patient.
00:30:55Or psychotic patient.
00:30:58Having suicidal tendency.
00:31:01Having.
00:31:03Suicidal tendency.
00:31:04It should be informed to either.
00:31:08Relative.
00:31:10Or.
00:31:11Guardian.
00:31:12It should be informed to the either relative or guardian.
00:31:15Because it is interest of patient.
00:31:17Now.
00:31:17The last comes my dear friend.
00:31:19Two important examples.
00:31:20One is negligence suit.
00:31:22Another is notifiable disease.
00:31:23Now, sir.
00:31:24If doctor knows.
00:31:26If doctor knows.
00:31:28My dear friend.
00:31:28That negligence has taken place.
00:31:31If doctor knows.
00:31:32That I.
00:31:33My mistake has been there.
00:31:34During treatment.
00:31:35Doctor should inform.
00:31:37To the patient.
00:31:39Or relative.
00:31:40This is.
00:31:41You should inform.
00:31:42Notifiable disease.
00:31:43My dear friend.
00:31:44There are few notifiable disease.
00:31:45Like cholera.
00:31:47Like plague.
00:31:49Like polio.
00:31:51Or like.
00:31:51Few more.
00:31:53Notifiable diseases.
00:31:53Like coronavirus.
00:31:54What is your duty.
00:31:56To inform.
00:31:57If you see any kind of these patient.
00:31:59To inform.
00:32:00These two.
00:32:01The health department.
00:32:04Because sir.
00:32:04These are.
00:32:05Risk for community.
00:32:07You should inform.
00:32:08To the health department.
00:32:09Sir.
00:32:09We got.
00:32:10These patient.
00:32:10Of cholera.
00:32:11Plague.
00:32:11Polio.
00:32:12So these are notifiable diseases.
00:32:14Very very important.
00:32:15So these are the example.
00:32:16Where you should not.
00:32:17Maintain the professional secrecy.
00:32:19These are the example.
00:32:20Of privileged communication.
00:32:21Privileged communication.
00:32:22Ka matlab kya hai.
00:32:23Aap ko communicate karna hai.
00:32:24For patient ki bhalai ke lii.
00:32:26Privilege.
00:32:27Patient ki bhalai ke lii.
00:32:28Civic sin.
00:32:29Crime.
00:32:29Infectious disease.
00:32:30Veneral disease.
00:32:32Interest of self.
00:32:34Court of law.
00:32:35Sin.
00:32:35Servant and employer relationship.
00:32:37Then.
00:32:37Interest of patient.
00:32:38And the last is 2N.
00:32:41Negligence cases.
00:32:42And notifiable disease.
00:32:43Now sir.
00:32:44Consent.
00:32:45I am telling you my dear friend.
00:32:46Consent is a relation between doctor and patient.
00:32:50This is a doctor.
00:32:51Doctor takes consent.
00:32:53Patient.
00:32:55Gives consent.
00:32:56And of sub.
00:32:56It is a relation between doctor and patient.
00:32:59It is a part of Indian contract act.
00:33:02It is a part of Indian contract act.
00:33:08And it is given in 13 clause.
00:33:11Clause number 13.
00:33:12Indian contract act.
00:33:13Consent is given.
00:33:14Very very important sir.
00:33:15Sir.
00:33:16During medical examination.
00:33:17You should take a consent.
00:33:20You should take a consent.
00:33:21Otherwise.
00:33:21It will come under assault.
00:33:24My dear friend.
00:33:26If you are not taking consent.
00:33:27It will come under assault.
00:33:29It will be punishable under 351 IPC.
00:33:32So please do take the consent.
00:33:34Any procedure.
00:33:35Like blood transfusion.
00:33:37You should take the consent.
00:33:39Any procedure.
00:33:41Victim examination.
00:33:42And accused examination.
00:33:44Victim examination.
00:33:45Consent is must.
00:33:46But in acute examination.
00:33:48Consent is not required.
00:33:50Victim examination.
00:33:50Consent is must.
00:33:52And I discussed both in.
00:33:54I discussed both in.
00:33:5653 CRPC.
00:33:5953 CRPC.
00:34:00A.
00:34:00A for accused.
00:34:01Victim is B.
00:34:022.
00:34:03Prisoner examination.
00:34:05Examination of prisoner.
00:34:06Consent is not required.
00:34:08Examination of the prisoner.
00:34:09Consent is not required.
00:34:12Any arrested person.
00:34:14Can give requisition.
00:34:17For medical examination.
00:34:19Any arrested person.
00:34:20Can give requisition.
00:34:22Can give requisition.
00:34:22For medical examination.
00:34:23My dear friend.
00:34:25It is 54 CRPC.
00:34:27It is 54 CRPC.
00:34:29Very very important.
00:34:30Arrested person.
00:34:31Can give requisition.
00:34:31Dehisata ki.
00:34:32I will do medical examination.
00:34:33Mass immunization.
00:34:34Mass immunization consent.
00:34:35Consent is not required.
00:34:37And sir.
00:34:38Contraceptive sterilization.
00:34:40And artificial insemination.
00:34:41In three conditions.
00:34:43Consent is required.
00:34:44From both partner.
00:34:47It means.
00:34:48Consent is required.
00:34:49From husband.
00:34:50As well as wife.
00:34:52In these cases.
00:34:54Husband and wife.
00:34:55In these three cases.
00:34:56Contraceptive.
00:34:57Sterilization.
00:34:58And artificial insemination.
00:34:59Consent is required.
00:35:00From both partners.
00:35:01Very very potential MC.
00:35:02Now sir.
00:35:03What are the type of consent?
00:35:05Express consent.
00:35:07When you express.
00:35:08Sir.
00:35:08I am ready for this procedure.
00:35:10So.
00:35:11If you say.
00:35:12This is verbal.
00:35:13Or if you write.
00:35:16This would be written.
00:35:18If you write.
00:35:19Sir.
00:35:19I am ready for this procedure.
00:35:20If you say.
00:35:21Yes.
00:35:21I am ready for this procedure.
00:35:22This is.
00:35:23Express consent.
00:35:24But sir.
00:35:25What is implied.
00:35:26My dear friend.
00:35:27In implied.
00:35:28There is no verbal expression.
00:35:30And there is no written consent.
00:35:32You have not.
00:35:33Said anything.
00:35:34You have not written anything.
00:35:36But still.
00:35:37By your gesture.
00:35:38Or by your act.
00:35:43You are ready.
00:35:46By gesture.
00:35:47Or act.
00:35:48You are ready.
00:35:49That means.
00:35:49You have given.
00:35:50Implied consent.
00:35:50I am giving a very simple example.
00:35:52I am giving a very simple example.
00:35:55Doctor.
00:35:56Check your blood pressure.
00:35:58Doctor.
00:35:58When you go to the hospital.
00:36:00Doctor takes the BP instrument.
00:36:02And you are giving your hand.
00:36:04It means.
00:36:04By your act.
00:36:05You are saying that.
00:36:06I am ready.
00:36:06If doctor is saying.
00:36:09I am going to examine you.
00:36:10Examination.
00:36:11If doctor is saying.
00:36:12Like.
00:36:12I am going to examine you.
00:36:14Physical examine you.
00:36:15You remove your clothes.
00:36:16It is implied consent.
00:36:18So.
00:36:19By your gesture.
00:36:20Or act.
00:36:20What does it say.
00:36:21That you are ready.
00:36:22This is known as.
00:36:23Implied consent.
00:36:24Now.
00:36:25Informed consent.
00:36:27What is informed sir?
00:36:28If doctor informs.
00:36:31Everything to the patient.
00:36:32My dear friend.
00:36:33If doctor informs.
00:36:34Everything to the patient.
00:36:35This is the diagnosis.
00:36:37This is the treatment.
00:36:37This is the procedure.
00:36:39This is known as.
00:36:39Informed consent.
00:36:41And of course.
00:36:42The best.
00:36:43Informed consent.
00:36:44Is the best.
00:36:46Written informed consent.
00:36:48Written informed consent.
00:36:49Is the best informed consent.
00:36:51But yeah.
00:36:51Procedure.
00:36:52Yeah.
00:36:52Surgery.
00:36:52We are going for this procedure.
00:36:54This is informed consent.
00:36:55But sir.
00:36:56There are some exceptions.
00:36:57Where we don't take the informed consent.
00:36:59Number one.
00:37:00So.
00:37:01So.
00:37:01You can get a question.
00:37:02We have gone through.
00:37:04These three consent.
00:37:05Express.
00:37:06Implied.
00:37:06Informed.
00:37:07Okay.
00:37:08Best consent.
00:37:09Is this one.
00:37:10Blanket consent.
00:37:11Sir.
00:37:12Blanket consent.
00:37:12Is what?
00:37:13Blanket.
00:37:14Is also known as.
00:37:15Open consent.
00:37:17Or blind consent.
00:37:19Open consent.
00:37:20Or blind consent.
00:37:21Sir.
00:37:21Here.
00:37:22In single consent.
00:37:25You are covering.
00:37:26Multiple procedure.
00:37:27In single consent.
00:37:31You are covering.
00:37:32Multiple procedure.
00:37:34I am giving example.
00:37:35Once you are admitted.
00:37:37In the hospital.
00:37:38You are having admission.
00:37:41In hospital.
00:37:45And.
00:37:46All the treatment.
00:37:47And all the procedure.
00:37:49All the treatment.
00:37:51All the procedure.
00:37:53Consent is taken.
00:37:55At the same time.
00:37:56If you have taken.
00:37:59All the treatment.
00:38:00And all the procedure.
00:38:01Consent.
00:38:02This is known as.
00:38:03Blanket.
00:38:04Open.
00:38:04Or blind consent.
00:38:06It means.
00:38:06It means.
00:38:07Sir.
00:38:07They are not taking.
00:38:08The separate consent.
00:38:09They are taking consent.
00:38:10For all the procedure.
00:38:11And treatment.
00:38:11Going to be done.
00:38:12In your hospital.
00:38:14Whatever comes.
00:38:16In the way.
00:38:16Will operate.
00:38:17Will do.
00:38:18This is an open.
00:38:19Or blind consent.
00:38:20My dear friend.
00:38:21It is not valid.
00:38:24In India.
00:38:25It is valid.
00:38:25In USA.
00:38:26And UK.
00:38:28It is not valid.
00:38:29In India.
00:38:30Very important.
00:38:31Substituted consent.
00:38:32Look sir.
00:38:32What is the meaning.
00:38:33Of substituted.
00:38:34You are not able.
00:38:35To give consent.
00:38:39You are.
00:38:40Not able.
00:38:41To.
00:38:41Give consent.
00:38:43Consent.
00:38:44The next two.
00:38:45Kin.
00:38:46Your father.
00:38:47Guardian.
00:38:48Relative.
00:38:49Relative.
00:38:51Guardian.
00:38:52Friends.
00:38:53These.
00:38:53Will give the consent.
00:38:54This is known as.
00:38:55Substituted consent.
00:38:56Very.
00:38:57Very potential.
00:38:58But.
00:38:59Now sir.
00:39:00What is the best consent?
00:39:01I already told you.
00:39:02The best consent is.
00:39:04Return.
00:39:04Informed consent.
00:39:07Return.
00:39:10Informed consent.
00:39:11Is the best consent.
00:39:12Just remember this one.
00:39:13The next one is.
00:39:19Full disclosure sir.
00:39:22Look sir.
00:39:23Name.
00:39:23Say.
00:39:23What is the meaning.
00:39:25Of full disclosure.
00:39:26See.
00:39:27Full disclosure means.
00:39:29Doctor discloses.
00:39:31Everything.
00:39:31To the patient.
00:39:34Discloses.
00:39:37Everything.
00:39:39To the patient.
00:39:40Patient.
00:39:41Example.
00:39:42What is the diagnosis.
00:39:45What is the treatment.
00:39:47What are the complications.
00:39:49What is the follow up.
00:39:51Everything.
00:39:52Is disclosed.
00:39:53This is known as.
00:39:54Full disclosure.
00:39:55And my dear friend.
00:39:57After fully disclosure.
00:39:59Patient has a right.
00:40:02Patient has a right.
00:40:05For informed refusal.
00:40:07Patient can refuse.
00:40:08That I.
00:40:09Don't want to get.
00:40:10Treated by you.
00:40:11This is known as.
00:40:12Informed refusal.
00:40:13Doctor sir.
00:40:14There are two doctrines.
00:40:15Number one.
00:40:16Doctrine.
00:40:17Of full disclosure.
00:40:19Doctor.
00:40:20Discloses.
00:40:20Everything.
00:40:21To the patient.
00:40:22This is full disclosure.
00:40:23And the patient.
00:40:24Has the right.
00:40:25To.
00:40:26Refuse.
00:40:27This is known as.
00:40:28Doctrine.
00:40:29Of.
00:40:29Informed refusal.
00:40:31But.
00:40:31Doctor sir.
00:40:31But.
00:40:32There is an exception.
00:40:33Of.
00:40:33Full disclosure.
00:40:34I am coming to this one.
00:40:36There is an exception.
00:40:37Of.
00:40:38Full disclosure.
00:40:40What is the meaning.
00:40:41Of exception.
00:40:42Of full disclosure.
00:40:43Sir.
00:40:44This exception.
00:40:45Is known as.
00:40:45Therapeutic privilege.
00:40:48Sometime.
00:40:49Doctor.
00:40:50Doesn't inform.
00:40:51Fully.
00:40:51To the patient.
00:40:54Doesn't inform.
00:40:55Fully.
00:40:55To the patient.
00:40:56I am giving example.
00:40:57Like.
00:40:58See.
00:40:58The patient.
00:40:59Is psychotic.
00:41:02The patient.
00:41:03Is psychotic.
00:41:04And having.
00:41:06Suicidal tendency.
00:41:08Now.
00:41:09My question is.
00:41:11These.
00:41:11Suicidal tendency.
00:41:12Should be disclosed.
00:41:13To the patient.
00:41:14Or relative.
00:41:15My dear friend.
00:41:16For the benefit.
00:41:17Of this.
00:41:18This should be.
00:41:19Informed.
00:41:20To the relative.
00:41:22Or guardian.
00:41:23Sometime.
00:41:24We do not disclose.
00:41:25Everything to the patient.
00:41:26We disclose.
00:41:27This to the relative.
00:41:28This is known as.
00:41:29Therapeutic privilege.
00:41:30So.
00:41:30Doctor sir.
00:41:31Full disclosure.
00:41:32Disclosing everything.
00:41:33To the patient.
00:41:34And therapeutic.
00:41:35Therapeutic privilege.
00:41:36Is exception.
00:41:37Of full disclosure.
00:41:38For the well being.
00:41:39Of the patient.
00:41:41Rokhsab.
00:41:41This is known as.
00:41:42Therapeutic privilege.
00:41:43And I have given the example.
00:41:45Like.
00:41:45In a psychotic patient.
00:41:47If you have the.
00:41:48Suicidal tendency.
00:41:49You should not disclose.
00:41:50Everything to the.
00:41:51Patient.
00:41:52This is known as.
00:41:52Therapeutic privilege.
00:41:53It is an exception.
00:41:55Of full disclosure.
00:41:56Now.
00:41:57Exception of the.
00:41:57Informed consent.
00:41:58In emergency sir.
00:42:01No need to take.
00:42:02The consent.
00:42:03Yes.
00:42:05Yes.
00:42:05In therapeutic privilege.
00:42:07I already told you.
00:42:08No need to disclose.
00:42:09Everything to the patient.
00:42:11Because it is.
00:42:11Exception of full disclosure.
00:42:12No need to inform.
00:42:13Everything to the patient.
00:42:14When a patient.
00:42:15Verve.
00:42:16His right.
00:42:17Of informed consent.
00:42:18Now.
00:42:18Sometimes.
00:42:19Patient gives.
00:42:20Right to informed consent.
00:42:22This patient.
00:42:23Can give the right.
00:42:24To the doctors.
00:42:25Or.
00:42:26The patient.
00:42:26Can give the right.
00:42:27To the relative.
00:42:28Means.
00:42:29On behalf of me.
00:42:30Doctor can give the consent.
00:42:31On behalf of me.
00:42:32The relative.
00:42:33Can give me the consent.
00:42:34It is a waiver.
00:42:35Waiver's choice.
00:42:36Patient.
00:42:36Waiver's.
00:42:38Mass immunization.
00:42:39No need to take the consent.
00:42:42Mass immunization.
00:42:43Like corona.
00:42:44Mass immunization.
00:42:45No need to take the consent.
00:42:46Medical.
00:42:47Legal.
00:42:48Autopsy.
00:42:48My dear friend.
00:42:49So.
00:42:50Mass immunization.
00:42:51No need to take the consent.
00:42:52Medical legal autopsy.
00:42:54No need to take the consent.
00:42:55From relative.
00:42:56No need to take the consent.
00:42:57Consent from the relative.
00:42:58Convicted prisoner.
00:43:00An examination of accused.
00:43:01I already told you.
00:43:02No need to take the consent.
00:43:04And doctrine of extended consent.
00:43:06Sometimes sir.
00:43:07I am giving example.
00:43:09A doctor is going for some surgery.
00:43:11And.
00:43:12Some.
00:43:13Unanticipated.
00:43:15Some.
00:43:19Unanticipated situation came.
00:43:22And doctor has to treat it.
00:43:24Without consent.
00:43:25Doctor has to treat this.
00:43:28Without consent.
00:43:28Means.
00:43:29Some.
00:43:30Emergency complication came.
00:43:31And doctor has to treat.
00:43:32There is no time.
00:43:33Left.
00:43:34Doctor has to treat.
00:43:35This is known as.
00:43:36Doctrine of extended consent.
00:43:38Here.
00:43:39Doctor can go without consent.
00:43:41In unanticipated situation.
00:43:43These are the example.
00:43:45Where.
00:43:46Informed consent.
00:43:47Is.
00:43:48Not required.
00:43:49Now.
00:43:49Consent law sir.
00:43:50Which I already discussed.
00:43:51Many times sir.
00:43:53My dear friend.
00:43:54If your age.
00:43:55Is above 18.
00:43:58If your age.
00:43:59Is above 18.
00:44:00Like.
00:44:00You are going for.
00:44:01The.
00:44:02Paragliding.
00:44:03I am giving example.
00:44:04You are going for.
00:44:05Paragliding.
00:44:06You are going for.
00:44:08A major surgery.
00:44:10Sir.
00:44:11You.
00:44:12Act.
00:44:12Not intended.
00:44:13Or not.
00:44:14Likely to cause death.
00:44:16You can give consent.
00:44:17And this is.
00:44:18What age is required for this.
00:44:19It means.
00:44:19Above 18.
00:44:20You can give consent.
00:44:21For the act.
00:44:23Which is not likely.
00:44:23To cause the death.
00:44:25Like surgery.
00:44:25For paragliding.
00:44:26You can give your consent.
00:44:27But age should be.
00:44:2818.
00:44:29This is.
00:44:3087.
00:44:30IPC.
00:44:32Okay.
00:44:33Now sir.
00:44:33What.
00:44:3488.
00:44:34IPC says.
00:44:35My dear friend.
00:44:36First.
00:44:36I will give you the example.
00:44:38Doctor.
00:44:39Performs the surgery.
00:44:41For X.
00:44:42X.
00:44:42Surgery.
00:44:42Doctor.
00:44:43And doctor.
00:44:43There is no.
00:44:44Age limit.
00:44:45For this.
00:44:47Doctor.
00:44:47Knows.
00:44:47That this surgery.
00:44:49My dear friend.
00:44:50Doctor.
00:44:50Knows.
00:44:51That this surgery.
00:44:52Is not intended.
00:44:53To cause the death.
00:44:55And it is.
00:44:55In good faith.
00:44:56My dear friend.
00:44:57This is.
00:44:5888.
00:44:58IPC.
00:45:00We know.
00:45:00That it is a complicated surgery.
00:45:02But we have to do.
00:45:03It is done.
00:45:03In the good faith of the patient.
00:45:04It is.
00:45:0588.
00:45:05IPC.
00:45:06Dhyan Akhna.
00:45:07Good faith of the patient.
00:45:0788.
00:45:08Or for giving.
00:45:09Consent.
00:45:10For major surgery.
00:45:11Or paragliding.
00:45:1287.
00:45:12IPC.
00:45:13I am giving.
00:45:13I am giving example.
00:45:14You can give surgery.
00:45:15Even it is dangerous.
00:45:16To your life.
00:45:17After 18 years of age.
00:45:18That is 87.
00:45:19IPC.
00:45:20Now sir.
00:45:22Consent is not valid.
00:45:24For 3 person.
00:45:25Number 1.
00:45:26Child below 12 years of age.
00:45:27Cannot give consent.
00:45:28For anything.
00:45:30Second.
00:45:30Insane person.
00:45:31Cannot give consent.
00:45:32For anything.
00:45:33Third.
00:45:34Intoxicated.
00:45:35And fourth.
00:45:36Under the influence.
00:45:37Of threat.
00:45:38Or fear.
00:45:40Threatening.
00:45:40Under fear is not valid.
00:45:43Intoxication.
00:45:43Not valid.
00:45:44But 2 important ones.
00:45:45Child below 12 years of age.
00:45:47Consent is never valid.
00:45:48Fear.
00:45:49Consent is not valid.
00:45:50It is 90 IPC.
00:45:51So dog sir.
00:45:51Question comes.
00:45:52Inki consent kon dega.
00:45:54My dear friend.
00:45:55For all these.
00:45:56Consent will be given by.
00:45:58Guardian.
00:45:58Father.
00:45:59Parents.
00:46:00Relatives.
00:46:00These will give the consent.
00:46:01This is 89 IPC.
00:46:03Kiski valid nahi hoti.
00:46:05That's a 90.
00:46:05Who will give the consent?
00:46:07That is 89.
00:46:08Very very important sir.
00:46:09But dog sir.
00:46:09In life threatening condition.
00:46:11Or in emergency situation.
00:46:13Consent is not required.
00:46:15It is 92 IPC.
00:46:16I am giving example like.
00:46:17You have a major road traffic accident.
00:46:20You are not able to give consent.
00:46:21Consent is not required.
00:46:22This is 92 IPC.
00:46:24So sir.
00:46:24You can see 87.
00:46:2588.
00:46:2689.
00:46:2790.
00:46:27And 92 IPC.
00:46:28Are very important.
00:46:29For your point of view.
00:46:31For consent.
00:46:31Now sir.
00:46:32Consent.
00:46:33Age limit.
00:46:33For physical examination.
00:46:35Sir.
00:46:35You can give consent.
00:46:36For physical examination.
00:46:3812 or above 12.
00:46:40It means below 12.
00:46:41I already told you.
00:46:42No consent is valid.
00:46:43And you can give.
00:46:44Consent for surgery.
00:46:45I already discussed.
00:46:47Above 18.
00:46:47You can give.
00:46:48Anything consent.
00:46:49For surgery.
00:46:50Or any life risky procedure.
00:46:52Above 18.
00:46:53So for surgery.
00:46:54You can give.
00:46:54Above 18.
00:46:56Okay.
00:46:56So these are some.
00:46:57Very very important.
00:46:58Age limit.
00:47:00Now sir.
00:47:01Medical negligence.
00:47:02My dear friend.
00:47:03Medical negligence.
00:47:04Is also known as.
00:47:06Malpraxis.
00:47:08It is known as.
00:47:09Malpraxis.
00:47:10And of course.
00:47:10As I told you.
00:47:12Medical negligence.
00:47:13Is known as.
00:47:13Malpraxis.
00:47:14It is absence of.
00:47:17Skill.
00:47:19Or absence of.
00:47:21Care.
00:47:21Absence of skill.
00:47:23Or absence of care.
00:47:24Or sometime.
00:47:25It's a very.
00:47:26Very gross.
00:47:27Negligence.
00:47:29And sometime.
00:47:30It could be.
00:47:31Willful negligence.
00:47:34These all come under.
00:47:35Medical negligence.
00:47:36And it says by.
00:47:37Either doctor.
00:47:38Or.
00:47:39Any other.
00:47:40Medical staff.
00:47:42Doctor.
00:47:42Or by any other.
00:47:43Medical staff.
00:47:44Now sir.
00:47:45If you want to.
00:47:46Prove negligence.
00:47:47You require.
00:47:484D.
00:47:48This question comes in exam.
00:47:514D.
00:47:52First.
00:47:52Doctor should be.
00:47:54On duty.
00:47:54Very very important sir.
00:47:57Doctor should be.
00:47:58On audio duty.
00:47:59Second is dereliction.
00:48:02Dereliction is.
00:48:04Absence of duty.
00:48:06It means sir.
00:48:06You can say.
00:48:07Absence of.
00:48:09Standard of care.
00:48:12Omission.
00:48:13You are not doing something.
00:48:14Which is required.
00:48:15I am giving example.
00:48:16See.
00:48:17Doctor was present.
00:48:18On duty.
00:48:19But.
00:48:20Doctor prescribed.
00:48:24Wrong drugs.
00:48:26In prescription.
00:48:31This is absence of duty.
00:48:33Absence of standard of care.
00:48:37Absence of.
00:48:39Standard of care.
00:48:40And treatment.
00:48:41If there is absence of standard.
00:48:44Or care of treatment.
00:48:45This is known as dereliction.
00:48:47Now sir.
00:48:47Because of the wrong drugs.
00:48:50This was the direct cause.
00:48:53Wrong antibiotic.
00:48:54This was the direct cause.
00:48:56Of.
00:48:56Damage.
00:48:57It means sir.
00:48:58Because of the wrong antibiotics.
00:49:00Wrong drugs.
00:49:01There was damage to your body.
00:49:03This is.
00:49:04Direct causation.
00:49:05And this should lead damage.
00:49:06It means.
00:49:06Four things should be present.
00:49:08If the doctor should be present.
00:49:09On the duty.
00:49:10Second.
00:49:11Dereliction.
00:49:12Absence of the duty.
00:49:13Means.
00:49:14What a doctor should do.
00:49:16Is not doing.
00:49:17Absence of the standard of care.
00:49:20No standard of the care and treatment was taken.
00:49:24That is absent.
00:49:26Means.
00:49:27A wrong antibiotics were given.
00:49:29Now third.
00:49:30This will directly cause the damage.
00:49:33And fourth.
00:49:34Direct causation.
00:49:35There should be damage also.
00:49:36Damage bhi toh hona chahi na.
00:49:38Tabi toh ye negligence na.
00:49:39Isse aapko side effect ho ga.
00:49:41Isse aapko problem ho ga.
00:49:42These are the four D.
00:49:44Which are required for.
00:49:45Proving medical negligence.
00:49:47Now sir.
00:49:48There can be.
00:49:48Two type of negligence.
00:49:50Civil and.
00:49:51Civil and criminal.
00:49:53I'll discuss.
00:49:54Doc sir.
00:49:54It is.
00:49:55Negligence.
00:49:56Is either.
00:49:57Absence of care.
00:49:59Or absence of skill.
00:50:02It means.
00:50:03Either doctor was not taking care of the patient.
00:50:04Or doctor was not skillful.
00:50:06This is number one.
00:50:07But sir.
00:50:07If it is.
00:50:10Gross negligence.
00:50:15Willful.
00:50:16Negligence.
00:50:17Gross negligence.
00:50:18Willful negligence.
00:50:20Or.
00:50:21Gross.
00:50:22Lack of competence.
00:50:24Gross.
00:50:24Lack of competence.
00:50:25This will cause criminal negligence.
00:50:27Sir.
00:50:28Here.
00:50:28Burden of proof lies to the patient.
00:50:31It means that sometime the word is given.
00:50:34Onus of proving.
00:50:35Means patient needs to prove.
00:50:36There was a negligence.
00:50:38Here.
00:50:40Burden of proof lies on the doctor.
00:50:42Doctor needs to prove.
00:50:43There was no negligence from my side.
00:50:45Doctor needs to prove.
00:50:47Sir.
00:50:47Here.
00:50:48Punishment is given.
00:50:50On monetary basis.
00:50:51Compensation is given.
00:50:53But sir.
00:50:54Here.
00:50:56304A IPC comes in action.
00:50:59Punishment is given in 304A IPC.
00:51:01It is trial by.
00:51:02Either civil court.
00:51:05Or.
00:51:06Consumer court.
00:51:10And.
00:51:11It is by.
00:51:13Criminal court.
00:51:14It is by criminal court.
00:51:16Now sir.
00:51:16I will give the example.
00:51:18I will give the example.
00:51:20Very very important.
00:51:21Now example.
00:51:25Wrong antibiotics.
00:51:28Wrong drugs.
00:51:29Overdose.
00:51:34These are leading side effect.
00:51:37Look sir.
00:51:38These are leading side effect.
00:51:39This is.
00:51:40Civil negligence.
00:51:42Example of criminal.
00:51:43Very simple sir.
00:51:45During surgery.
00:51:47You left.
00:51:50Swab in the body.
00:51:52During surgery.
00:51:53You left swab in the body.
00:51:54Aapne body mein.
00:51:56Instrument or swab.
00:51:56Chhod liya.
00:51:58There was a.
00:52:00Right leg gangrene.
00:52:02There was a.
00:52:03Right.
00:52:04Leg gangrene.
00:52:07But.
00:52:08You amputated.
00:52:10You amputated.
00:52:11That is left leg.
00:52:12After drinking alcohol.
00:52:14After drinking alcohol.
00:52:18You are performing surgery.
00:52:19This is a gross negligence.
00:52:20My dear friend.
00:52:21That will come under criminal.
00:52:22This is a willful negligence.
00:52:24I would say.
00:52:25So these are the example.
00:52:26Of civil.
00:52:27And.
00:52:27Wrong antibiotic.
00:52:28Wrong drugs.
00:52:29Overdose.
00:52:30Leading side effect.
00:52:31Are civil.
00:52:32And.
00:52:33Yeah.
00:52:33You left instrument.
00:52:34During surgery.
00:52:35And right leg gangrene.
00:52:36You remove the left leg.
00:52:37These are criminal negligence.
00:52:39This is a very very important table.
00:52:41You can get a question.
00:52:42One question.
00:52:43Many time in exams.
00:52:44For the civil.
00:52:45And criminal.
00:52:46A very very potential.
00:52:47MCQ.
00:52:48Okay.
00:52:48Now sir.
00:52:49Medical negligence.
00:52:51I already told you.
00:52:51In the 312.
00:52:52I told you.
00:52:52A for accident.
00:52:56Accident.
00:52:57So.
00:52:58Medical negligence.
00:52:59Any accident.
00:53:00Leading negligence.
00:53:01This is punishable.
00:53:01Under 304.
00:53:02AIPC.
00:53:04304.
00:53:06AIPC.
00:53:07The punishment.
00:53:07Is.
00:53:08Two year.
00:53:09Plus minus five.
00:53:11Two year.
00:53:12Plus minus five.
00:53:13Now.
00:53:13Due to negligence.
00:53:15These are a few more.
00:53:16AIPC.
00:53:18Due to negligence.
00:53:19If your life.
00:53:21Is in danger.
00:53:23The negligence.
00:53:26Life.
00:53:27Is in danger.
00:53:28Endangering the life.
00:53:29This is.
00:53:29336.
00:53:30AIPC.
00:53:30If due to negligence.
00:53:32You get hurt.
00:53:34This is.
00:53:35337.
00:53:35AIPC.
00:53:36And if due to negligence.
00:53:37You got.
00:53:38Grievous hurt.
00:53:39It's a 338.
00:53:40AIPC.
00:53:41These are some.
00:53:41AIPC.
00:53:42Related with.
00:53:43Medical negligence.
00:53:44Now sir.
00:53:45Contributory negligence.
00:53:47Contributory negligence.
00:53:48Means.
00:53:49Negligence.
00:53:50Contributed by.
00:53:51Doctor and patient.
00:53:54Now.
00:53:55Example.
00:53:56If the patient.
00:53:56Is not taking.
00:53:58Treatment.
00:53:58Properly.
00:53:59After.
00:54:00Prescription.
00:54:00Patient is not.
00:54:03Coming for.
00:54:04Follow up.
00:54:06Not taken.
00:54:07Treatment.
00:54:08Not.
00:54:09Gone for the.
00:54:10Follow up.
00:54:11Patient has not.
00:54:12Given the.
00:54:12Proper history.
00:54:14It means sir.
00:54:15The contribution.
00:54:16Of the patient.
00:54:17Is also there.
00:54:18And my dear friend.
00:54:20Contributory.
00:54:21Negligence.
00:54:22Is a defense.
00:54:23In civil case.
00:54:25Not a criminal case.
00:54:28So doctor can say.
00:54:29Sir.
00:54:29There was a contribution.
00:54:30From patient.
00:54:31Sir.
00:54:31Here.
00:54:32Burden of proof.
00:54:34Lies on a doctor.
00:54:35Sir.
00:54:35I told you.
00:54:37In civil case.
00:54:39The patient.
00:54:39Needs to prove.
00:54:40In civil case.
00:54:42Civil negligence.
00:54:42The patient.
00:54:43Needs to prove.
00:54:44Civil negligence.
00:54:45But sir.
00:54:46This is exception.
00:54:47Contributory negligence.
00:54:48Doctor needs to prove.
00:54:49That there was a contribution.
00:54:50From patient.
00:54:50Okay.
00:54:51Patient.
00:54:51Neglect.
00:54:52And doctor.
00:54:53It is a.
00:54:57Partial defense.
00:54:58It is a partial defense.
00:55:00Not a complete defense.
00:55:01My dear friend.
00:55:02Contributory negligence.
00:55:03Is not a.
00:55:04Complete defense.
00:55:06Okay.
00:55:07Now.
00:55:07Limitation of the contributory negligence.
00:55:09I am giving example.
00:55:10Sir.
00:55:10First is.
00:55:11Last.
00:55:12Clear.
00:55:13Chance.
00:55:13Doctrine.
00:55:14And here.
00:55:16The responsible one.
00:55:17Is doctor.
00:55:18Because.
00:55:19Doctor.
00:55:20Was having the last chance.
00:55:22That doctor missed.
00:55:25Doctor.
00:55:26Was having.
00:55:27The last chance.
00:55:28That doctor.
00:55:29Had missed.
00:55:31Example.
00:55:32Example.
00:55:34Now.
00:55:35Like.
00:55:35Doctor.
00:55:36Asked.
00:55:36Patient.
00:55:37To come for.
00:55:39Frequent dressing.
00:55:41Frequent dressing.
00:55:42After surgery.
00:55:44See.
00:55:44Doctor.
00:55:44Asked.
00:55:45The patient.
00:55:47For.
00:55:48Dressing.
00:55:49Okay.
00:55:51Now.
00:55:51My dear friend.
00:55:52What happened?
00:55:52Patient came.
00:55:55After seven days.
00:55:58Patient came.
00:55:59After seven days.
00:56:01Doctor.
00:56:01Now.
00:56:02Doctor should inform.
00:56:03You will get an infection.
00:56:04If you are not going for the dressing.
00:56:06Wound dressing.
00:56:06If you are not going.
00:56:08Means.
00:56:08Doctor has to inform.
00:56:10If doctor doesn't inform.
00:56:12If doctor.
00:56:14Doesn't inform.
00:56:15No information.
00:56:16By a doctor.
00:56:18For infection.
00:56:19Septicemia.
00:56:20It means doctor.
00:56:21Is missing a last chance.
00:56:23If doctor.
00:56:23Is not informing.
00:56:25About the consequences.
00:56:26That means.
00:56:27The doctor.
00:56:28Will be responsible.
00:56:29This is a limitation.
00:56:31Of.
00:56:32This is very important.
00:56:33Contributing.
00:56:33A.
00:56:34An example.
00:56:34Another example.
00:56:35After snack bite.
00:56:39A tight ligature.
00:56:41Is applied.
00:56:45A tight ligature.
00:56:46Is applied.
00:56:47To the limb.
00:56:49And.
00:56:50It can cause gangrene.
00:56:51If doctor.
00:56:52Doesn't remove.
00:56:55If doctor.
00:56:56Doesn't remove.
00:56:57And the patient.
00:56:58Gets gangrene.
00:56:59This is.
00:56:59Doctor is responsible.
00:57:02So.
00:57:03What I am telling you.
00:57:03My dear friend.
00:57:04In last clear chance.
00:57:05Doctrine.
00:57:06Who is missing.
00:57:07The last chance.
00:57:08The very potential word.
00:57:09Who is missing.
00:57:10The last chance.
00:57:11Doctor is missing.
00:57:12The last chance.
00:57:13To prevent the complication.
00:57:14Doctor will be responsible.
00:57:15I had given.
00:57:16Two very very important.
00:57:17Examples.
00:57:18Number one.
00:57:19And number two.
00:57:21Now.
00:57:23Limitation of the.
00:57:24Contributing negligence.
00:57:24Number two.
00:57:25Avoidable consequence.
00:57:27Rule.
00:57:28Sir.
00:57:29Here.
00:57:29The responsible.
00:57:31The responsible.
00:57:31Is patient.
00:57:34Like.
00:57:35I told you.
00:57:35Doctor.
00:57:36Told the patient.
00:57:36To come for the wound dressing.
00:57:38Okay.
00:57:39But.
00:57:40Even after informing.
00:57:41Patient.
00:57:42Doesn't follow the wound dressing.
00:57:44Even after information.
00:57:46The patient.
00:57:47Doesn't follow.
00:57:50Patient.
00:57:51Is not following.
00:57:52And.
00:57:53Patient.
00:57:54Patient gets infection.
00:57:57Doctor.
00:57:57This is.
00:57:58This was avoidable.
00:57:59Here.
00:58:00Patient.
00:58:01Was responsible.
00:58:02Or patient is responsible.
00:58:03It is.
00:58:04Avoidable.
00:58:05Consequence doctrine.
00:58:06Now.
00:58:06I am giving example.
00:58:07One more.
00:58:07If the negligence.
00:58:08Of patient.
00:58:09Which aggravated.
00:58:10The damage.
00:58:11Already caused.
00:58:12By the negligence.
00:58:12Of a doctor.
00:58:13Now.
00:58:14Now.
00:58:15Damage.
00:58:15Which is already.
00:58:16Caused by a doctor.
00:58:17So my dear friend.
00:58:19What is avoidable.
00:58:20Consequence doctrine.
00:58:22Avoidable.
00:58:22Consequence doctrine.
00:58:24If.
00:58:25Even after information.
00:58:26Patient doesn't follow.
00:58:27The patient.
00:58:28Will be responsible.
00:58:29Now.
00:58:30If negligence.
00:58:31Of the patient.
00:58:32Aggravated.
00:58:33The doctor.
00:58:33Already caused.
00:58:34Means.
00:58:34Doctor already caused.
00:58:35The negligence.
00:58:35I am giving example.
00:58:37Doctor.
00:58:38Went for surgery.
00:58:40But.
00:58:41Doctor.
00:58:42Did not prescribe.
00:58:43Antibiotic.
00:58:45Doctor.
00:58:46Did not.
00:58:46Go for.
00:58:47Wound dressing.
00:58:48This is the negligence.
00:58:50Already.
00:58:51Caused by doctor.
00:58:53Didn't go for.
00:58:53Wound dressing.
00:58:54Yes.
00:58:54This could be.
00:58:55Many cross.
00:58:56Now.
00:58:56After this.
00:58:57If the patient.
00:58:59Applied.
00:59:00Cow dung.
00:59:02Cow dung.
00:59:03On the wound.
00:59:04Patient.
00:59:05Applied.
00:59:06Cow dung.
00:59:07On the wound.
00:59:08Remember.
00:59:09This is.
00:59:10Avoidable.
00:59:10Consequence.
00:59:11Rule.
00:59:12Patient.
00:59:12Should have.
00:59:14Ask.
00:59:15But sir.
00:59:17Here.
00:59:18Because.
00:59:19Doctor.
00:59:20Ne.
00:59:20Already.
00:59:21Negligence.
00:59:21Kiya.
00:59:22And the patient.
00:59:23Aggravated.
00:59:23The negligence.
00:59:25Doctor.
00:59:25Cannot.
00:59:26Plead for.
00:59:27Doctor.
00:59:29Cannot.
00:59:30Plead for.
00:59:32Contributory.
00:59:33Negligence.
00:59:34Doctor.
00:59:35Cannot.
00:59:36Plead for.
00:59:36Contributory.
00:59:37Negligence.
00:59:37That's a different thing.
00:59:38But my different.
00:59:39Avoidable.
00:59:40Consequence.
00:59:41Rule.
00:59:41Patient.
00:59:42Is responsible.
00:59:43Avoidable.
00:59:43Consequence.
00:59:44Rule.
00:59:44Patient.
00:59:45Is responsible.
00:59:46So these are two.
00:59:47Ekba.
00:59:47Dhyanakna.
00:59:47If doctor.
00:59:48Missed the last chance.
00:59:49To inform.
00:59:50Doctor.
00:59:50Is responsible.
00:59:51Or the things.
00:59:52Which could have been.
00:59:53Avoided.
00:59:53But not avoided.
00:59:54By patient.
00:59:55Patient.
00:59:55Would be responsible.
00:59:57This is.
00:59:57Limitation.
00:59:58Of the discipline.
00:59:59Now.
00:59:59Defense.
01:00:00Against.
01:00:00Negligence.
01:00:01Very very simple sir.
01:00:03If doctor.
01:00:03Proves that.
01:00:04I was not on duty.
01:00:05I was not on duty.
01:00:07If doctor.
01:00:08Was not on duty.
01:00:09How you would.
01:00:10Prove the negligence.
01:00:11Duty discharge.
01:00:12Means.
01:00:13You filed a case.
01:00:14Against a doctor.
01:00:15And the duty of that doctor.
01:00:16Is discharge.
01:00:17Not.
01:00:19A.
01:00:20Very very important.
01:00:21It's a defense.
01:00:21Against an negligence.
01:00:22For a doctor.
01:00:24For a doctor.
01:00:25Now.
01:00:26Therapeutic misadventure.
01:00:27My dear friend.
01:00:29What is therapeutic misadventure?
01:00:31During treatment.
01:00:34During diagnosis.
01:00:36Or.
01:00:37During experiment.
01:00:38Of some drugs.
01:00:39I am talking about.
01:00:40During treatment.
01:00:41During treatment.
01:00:44Any.
01:00:45Unintentional.
01:00:46Accidental.
01:00:47Complication.
01:00:49Any.
01:00:50Unintentional.
01:00:51Accidental.
01:00:53Complication.
01:00:53Which took place.
01:00:56Any.
01:00:58Unintentional.
01:00:59Accidental.
01:00:59Complication.
01:01:00Which took place.
01:01:01Now.
01:01:02I am giving example.
01:01:03Like you are going for surgery.
01:01:05And during surgery.
01:01:06Of like some.
01:01:07GI tract.
01:01:08Something is perforated.
01:01:10Unintentionally.
01:01:11Or there is a peritonoitis.
01:01:13Unintentionally.
01:01:13But sir.
01:01:14It should be unintentional.
01:01:16And here.
01:01:17Who needs to prove?
01:01:18Doctor needs to prove.
01:01:20This is known as.
01:01:21Therapeutic misadventure.
01:01:22And my dear friend.
01:01:24This.
01:01:24If you prove.
01:01:25It can be a defense.
01:01:26In civil.
01:01:27And.
01:01:29Criminal.
01:01:30Negligence.
01:01:30So.
01:01:31It can be.
01:01:33Defense.
01:01:35In civil.
01:01:36And criminal.
01:01:37Like this.
01:01:37So.
01:01:37Doctor.
01:01:37This.
01:01:38During treatment.
01:01:40Unintentional.
01:01:41Accidental.
01:01:42Complication.
01:01:42Take place.
01:01:43This is known as.
01:01:44Therapeutic misadventure.
01:01:45But doctor has to prove.
01:01:46Sir.
01:01:46It was unintentional.
01:01:47This is therapeutic.
01:01:50Or it can be.
01:01:51Diagnostic misadventure.
01:01:52Or it can be.
01:01:53Experimental.
01:01:53It's a.
01:01:54Miss chance.
01:01:55It's a miss chance.
01:01:56Or disaster.
01:01:58Okay.
01:01:58Error of judgment.
01:01:59My dear friend.
01:02:01Error of judgment.
01:02:02Is a.
01:02:03Very important defense.
01:02:04For a doctor.
01:02:05Contributory negligence.
01:02:06I already told you.
01:02:07Contributory negligence.
01:02:09Is negligence.
01:02:09Contributed by doctor.
01:02:10And patient.
01:02:11It is a defense.
01:02:12In civil case.
01:02:13Yes.
01:02:14Now my dear friend.
01:02:15Res indicata.
01:02:17And res judicata.
01:02:18What is res judicata?
01:02:20Toksa.
01:02:21Judicata.
01:02:21Related with judiciary.
01:02:23Related with court.
01:02:25Yes my dear.
01:02:27If the question.
01:02:28Of negligence.
01:02:29Has already been decided.
01:02:32If the.
01:02:33Question.
01:02:34Of the.
01:02:36Negligence.
01:02:37Has already been decided.
01:02:40This question.
01:02:41It means.
01:02:43Negligence is there.
01:02:44Or not.
01:02:45It has already been decided.
01:02:46In court.
01:02:49This question.
01:02:51Cannot be raised.
01:02:53Again.
01:02:55This question.
01:02:57Cannot be.
01:02:59Raised.
01:03:02Again.
01:03:04In the same court.
01:03:06Because that question.
01:03:07Has already been decided.
01:03:08Hi.
01:03:09You can appeal.
01:03:10Again I am telling you.
01:03:11You can appeal.
01:03:12But.
01:03:13In the same hearing.
01:03:14In the same court.
01:03:15You cannot raise the same question.
01:03:17This is.
01:03:18The judiciary respect.
01:03:20This is known as.
01:03:21Res judicata.
01:03:22Cannot be raised.
01:03:23Again.
01:03:25In that court.
01:03:26You can appeal.
01:03:27At different court.
01:03:28You can appeal.
01:03:29At higher court.
01:03:30That's a different thing.
01:03:30It is res judicata.
01:03:32Now what is res indicator.
01:03:33Time limitation.
01:03:38Time limitation.
01:03:39If patient wants to file a case.
01:03:42Against a doctor.
01:03:43It should be filed.
01:03:47Within two years of the damage.
01:03:49Within two years of the damage.
01:03:50This is known as.
01:03:51Time limitation.
01:03:52Res indicator.
01:03:53So my dear friend.
01:03:54These are.
01:03:55No duty.
01:03:56Duty discharge.
01:03:57Therapeutic misadventure.
01:03:59Error of judgment.
01:04:00Contribute negligence.
01:04:01Res judicata.
01:04:03And res indicator.
01:04:04Indicata is indicator of time.
01:04:06It should be filed within two years.
01:04:07My dear friend.
01:04:09Doctrine of the.
01:04:11Res ipsa loquita.
01:04:13What is res ipsa loquita?
01:04:17Things.
01:04:19Or facts.
01:04:22Which.
01:04:24Speaks for.
01:04:28Itself.
01:04:30Things or facts.
01:04:32Which speaks for itself.
01:04:34And my dear friend.
01:04:35I am giving example.
01:04:36Anything or any fact.
01:04:39Which speaks for itself.
01:04:40It means.
01:04:41Example.
01:04:43You left a.
01:04:46Swab in the body.
01:04:48During surgery.
01:04:50Look sir.
01:04:51This swab is a fact.
01:04:54This swab is a fact.
01:04:56Which is speaking whole story.
01:04:59Swab in the body.
01:05:00There was a right leg gangrene.
01:05:02And you amputated left leg.
01:05:04This is speaking everything.
01:05:05And aksag.
01:05:07That means.
01:05:09Res ipsa loquita says.
01:05:11Two things.
01:05:13There was a.
01:05:15Act of omission.
01:05:19Act of omission means.
01:05:21You should not do something.
01:05:22Act of omission.
01:05:23That you do.
01:05:24Aap ko jo chuj karni chahiye thi.
01:05:27You should do something.
01:05:28But you didn't do.
01:05:30You should do something.
01:05:31But you didn't do.
01:05:31Act of omission was there.
01:05:33And.
01:05:34There was a lack of.
01:05:37Standard of care.
01:05:41And treatment.
01:05:43Lack of standard of care and treatment.
01:05:45If both are present.
01:05:46It means.
01:05:47It 100% prove.
01:05:49Negligence.
01:05:51Res ipsa loquita prove.
01:05:53Negligence.
01:05:54If res ipsa loquita is there.
01:05:56That means.
01:05:56Negligence had taken place.
01:05:59Act of omission was there.
01:06:01And lack of standard of.
01:06:02Care and treatment was there.
01:06:04This is res ipsa loquita.
01:06:06Res ipsa loquita is there.
01:06:07That means.
01:06:08Your negligence is proved.
01:06:09Because this is the thing.
01:06:11Or fact which speaks for itself.
01:06:13It proves.
01:06:13It proves both civil.
01:06:17And criminal negligence.
01:06:20It proves.
01:06:23Both civil.
01:06:24And criminal negligence.
01:06:25So.
01:06:25Res ipsa loquita.
01:06:28Proves civil.
01:06:29As well as criminal negligence.
01:06:31Because.
01:06:32The fact and things.
01:06:34Are speaking everything.
01:06:35And there is an act of omission.
01:06:37And there is a lack of.
01:06:38Standard of care and treatment.
01:06:40You left the swab.
01:06:41That means.
01:06:42There is a problem.
01:06:42It is sufficient to prove.
01:06:44That negligence has taken place.
01:06:45Now sir.
01:06:46These are three criteria.
01:06:48In absence of negligence.
01:06:50Injury wouldn't have occurred.
01:06:53In absence of.
01:06:55Negligence.
01:06:57Injury or damage.
01:06:59Wouldn't have occurred.
01:07:01First.
01:07:02Doctor had exclusive control.
01:07:04On the case.
01:07:06Doctor had exclusive control.
01:07:07On the injury and negligence.
01:07:09On the case.
01:07:10And third.
01:07:10There was no.
01:07:12Contributory.
01:07:13Negigence.
01:07:14Means.
01:07:14It was not contributed.
01:07:15By patient.
01:07:16These three components.
01:07:17Suggest.
01:07:18That it is.
01:07:19A res ipsa loquita.
01:07:20Doctor.
01:07:20If you say.
01:07:21That res ipsa loquita.
01:07:22Is there.
01:07:23You have.
01:07:24You have.
01:07:24You have.
01:07:24You have.
01:07:24You have.
01:07:24You have.
01:07:24You have.
01:07:24You have.
01:07:25You have.
01:07:25You have.
01:07:26You have.
01:07:26You have.
01:07:26You have.
01:07:26You have.
01:07:27You have.
01:07:27Things or fact.
01:07:28We speak.
01:07:28For itself.
01:07:29This particular.
01:07:30Finding.
01:07:31This particular.
01:07:32Finding.
01:07:32Is known.
01:07:33As res.
01:07:34Ipsa loquita.
01:07:35Very.
01:07:35Very potential.
01:07:37Now.
01:07:37Sir.
01:07:37Doctrine.
01:07:38Of.
01:07:39Common.
01:07:39Knowledge.
01:07:40Doctor.
01:07:41Every doctor.
01:07:42Should have.
01:07:42Common.
01:07:43Knowledge.
01:07:43Doctrine.
01:07:44Of.
01:07:44Res ipsa loquita.
01:07:44The.
01:07:45Samaj.
01:07:45Liya.
01:07:45Ami.
01:07:46Every doctor.
01:07:47Should have.
01:07:48Common.
01:07:48Knowledge.
01:07:49Doctor.
01:07:50If you have.
01:07:50Any injury.
01:07:52You should.
01:07:53Give.
01:07:54TT.
01:07:55If you have.
01:07:56Dehydration.
01:07:59You should.
01:08:00Give.
01:08:01IV fluid.
01:08:03Or.
01:08:03Other fluid.
01:08:04Which is.
01:08:04Required.
01:08:05But sir.
01:08:07Whatever is.
01:08:08Required.
01:08:09You are not.
01:08:10Giving.
01:08:11That is.
01:08:12A common.
01:08:12Knowledge.
01:08:13Whatever is.
01:08:14Required.
01:08:15If you are not.
01:08:16Giving.
01:08:16Doctor.
01:08:16If you are not.
01:08:18Giving.
01:08:21If you are not.
01:08:22Giving.
01:08:23It is.
01:08:24Known.
01:08:24As.
01:08:25Act.
01:08:25Of.
01:08:26Omission.
01:08:28I told you.
01:08:30In res.
01:08:30Ipsa loquita.
01:08:31There is.
01:08:31Act.
01:08:31Of.
01:08:31Omission.
01:08:32Which is.
01:08:32Required.
01:08:33And you are.
01:08:33Not.
01:08:33Doing.
01:08:34As.
01:08:34Well.
01:08:34As.
01:08:34Absence.
01:08:35Of.
01:08:35Standard.
01:08:35And care.
01:08:36But sir.
01:08:37In doctrine.
01:08:38Of.
01:08:38Common.
01:08:39Knowledge.
01:08:39My.
01:08:39Dear friend.
01:08:40There is.
01:08:41Act.
01:08:41Of.
01:08:42Omission.
01:08:42Whatever is.
01:08:43Required.
01:08:43And you are.
01:08:44Not.
01:08:44Doing.
01:08:44That is.
01:08:45Known.
01:08:45As.
01:08:45Doctrine.
01:08:46Of.
01:08:46Common.
01:08:46Knowledge.
01:08:48Doctrine.
01:08:48Of.
01:08:49Common.
01:08:49Knowledge.
01:08:50And.
01:08:51Doctrine.
01:08:51It is.
01:08:52It is.
01:08:52A.
01:08:52Variant.
01:08:53Of.
01:08:53It is.
01:08:54A.
01:08:54Variant.
01:08:55Of.
01:08:55Res.
01:08:55Ipsa.
01:08:56Loquita.
01:08:56Res.
01:08:57Ipsa.
01:08:57Loquita.
01:08:57Has.
01:08:57Two.
01:08:58Problem.
01:08:58Act.
01:08:58Of.
01:08:59Omission.
01:09:00And.
01:09:00Absence.
01:09:00Of.
01:09:01Standard.
01:09:01And.
01:09:02Care.
01:09:02Of.
01:09:03Treatment.
01:09:03But.
01:09:04Here.
01:09:05Only.
01:09:05What.
01:09:05Is.
01:09:05The.
01:09:05Act.
01:09:05Of.
01:09:06Omission.
01:09:06Jo.
01:09:06Aapko.
01:09:07Karna.
01:09:07Cheehyye.
01:09:07Ta.
01:09:07Woh.
01:09:08Aap.
01:09:08Ne.
01:09:08Kareyo.
01:09:08And.
01:09:08Doctor.
01:09:08Saad.
01:09:09As.
01:09:09I told.
01:09:10You.
01:09:10It is.
01:09:10A.
01:09:11Act.
01:09:11Of.
01:09:11Omission.
01:09:13Common.
01:09:13Knowledge.
01:09:13Like.
01:09:14This.
01:09:14Is.
01:09:14A.
01:09:14Common.
01:09:14Knowledge.
01:09:15If.
01:09:15You.
01:09:15Are.
01:09:15Not.
01:09:15Doing.
01:09:15This.
01:09:16Will.
01:09:16Be.
01:09:16Doctrine.
01:09:17Of.
01:09:17Common.
01:09:18Knowledge.
01:09:18Very.
01:09:19Very.
01:09:19Calculated.
01:09:20Risk.
01:09:20Doctrine.
01:09:21My.
01:09:21Dear.
01:09:21Friend.
01:09:23It.
01:09:23Is.
01:09:23A.
01:09:23Defense.
01:09:24It.
01:09:25Is.
01:09:25A.
01:09:25Defense.
01:09:25In.
01:09:26Civil.
01:09:26Case.
01:09:27Every.
01:09:27Method.
01:09:27Of.
01:09:28Treatment.
01:09:29You.
01:09:29Employed.
01:09:30Has.
01:09:30A.
01:09:30Unavidable.
01:09:30Risk.
01:09:31Whatever.
01:09:31Treatment.
01:09:32You.
01:09:32Are.
01:09:32Going.
01:09:32You.
01:09:33Have.
01:09:33Taken.
01:09:33All.
01:09:34The.
01:09:34Reasonable.
01:09:34Care.
01:09:35Aapne.
01:09:35Sara.
01:09:36Care.
01:09:36Liyya.
01:09:36But.
01:09:37That.
01:09:37Has.
01:09:37Some.
01:09:37Unavidable.
01:09:38Risk.
01:09:39If.
01:09:39This.
01:09:49This.
01:09:49Is.
01:09:50A.
01:09:50Calculated.
01:09:51Risk.
01:09:51Doctrine.
01:09:52And.
01:09:52You.
01:09:52Can.
01:09:52Prove.
01:09:53In.
01:09:53Court.
01:09:53It.
01:09:53Is.
01:09:53A.
01:09:53Defense.
01:09:54In.
01:09:54Civil.
01:09:54Cases.
01:09:55But.
01:09:55Again.
01:09:55I.
01:09:55Am.
01:09:56Telling.
01:09:56You.
01:09:56My.
01:09:56Dear.
01:09:56Friend.
01:09:57Again.
01:09:57I.
01:09:57Am.
01:09:58Telling.
01:09:58You.
01:09:58This.
01:09:59Is.
01:09:59Calculated.
01:10:00Risk.
01:10:00Doctrine.
01:10:01Because.
01:10:01Every.
01:10:02Procedure.
01:10:02And.
01:10:02Every.
01:10:03Treatment.
01:10:03Has.
01:10:03Some.
01:10:04Unavidable.
01:10:05Risk.
01:10:05Even.
01:10:06If.
01:10:06You.
01:10:06Have.
01:10:06Taken.
01:10:06The.
01:10:07Even.
01:10:07If.
01:10:07You.
01:10:07Have.
01:10:08Taken.
01:10:08The.
01:10:08Reasonable.
01:10:10KR.
01:10:10This.
01:10:10Is.
01:10:11Known.
01:10:11As.
01:10:11Calculated.
01:10:12Risk.
01:10:12Doctrine.
01:10:14Novus.
01:10:14Actors.
01:10:15Intervenience.
01:10:15My.
01:10:15Dear.
01:10:16Friend.
01:10:16What.
01:10:17Is.
01:10:17Novus.
01:10:17Actors.
01:10:17Intervenience.
01:10:18Chalo.
01:10:18Is.
01:10:18Ke.
01:10:18Naam.
01:10:19Se.
01:10:19Start.
01:10:19Karate.
01:10:20Novus.
01:10:20Means.
01:10:21New.
01:10:23Actors.
01:10:23Means.
01:10:24Action.
01:10:27Intervening.
01:10:28Means.
01:10:29Intervenience.
01:10:30New.
01:10:31Action.
01:10:32Intervening.
01:10:32And.
01:10:33Break.
01:10:34The.
01:10:34Chain.
01:10:34Of.
01:10:35Events.
01:10:36And.
01:10:36Consequences.
01:10:38It.
01:10:38Breaks.
01:10:38The.
01:10:39Chain.
01:10:40Of.
01:10:40Events.
01:10:40And.
01:10:41Consequences.
01:10:43Very.
01:10:43Very.
01:10:43Important.
01:10:45Narukhsha.
01:10:47A.
01:10:47Very.
01:10:48Simple.
01:10:48Example.
01:10:49Like.
01:10:50Someone.
01:10:51Stabbed.
01:10:51You.
01:10:55Someone.
01:10:56Stabbed.
01:10:56X.
01:10:57So.
01:10:58Y.
01:10:59Stab.
01:10:59X.
01:11:01Y.
01:11:02Stab.
01:11:02X.
01:11:02But.
01:11:03Sir.
01:11:03The.
01:11:04Stab.
01:11:05Person.
01:11:05Was.
01:11:06Admitted.
01:11:06This.
01:11:07Person.
01:11:07Was.
01:11:08Admitted.
01:11:09In.
01:11:09Hospital.
01:11:12Now.
01:11:13Due.
01:11:13To.
01:11:14Doctor.
01:11:14Mistake.
01:11:15My.
01:11:15Dear.
01:11:15Friend.
01:11:16You.
01:11:17Can.
01:11:17See.
01:11:18The.
01:11:18Doctor.
01:11:18Has.
01:11:18Prescribed.
01:11:19The.
01:11:19Wrong.
01:11:19Fluid.
01:11:20Because.
01:11:21Of.
01:11:21The.
01:11:21Doctor.
01:11:22There.
01:11:22Is.
01:11:22A.
01:11:23Fluid.
01:11:24Problem.
01:11:24Electrolytic.
01:11:25Problem.
01:11:26Because.
01:11:27Of.
01:11:27A.
01:11:27Doctor.
01:11:27There.
01:11:27Is.
01:11:27A.
01:11:27Septicemia.
01:11:29Problem.
01:11:29Of.
01:11:29The.
01:11:29Doctor.
01:11:30Leading.
01:11:31The.
01:11:31The.
01:11:32The.
01:11:32The.
01:11:32The.
01:11:32The.
01:11:32The.
01:11:32The.
01:11:32The.
01:11:32Problem.
01:11:32Is.
01:11:33Prescription.
01:11:34Leading.
01:11:34Septicemia.
01:11:35And.
01:11:36The.
01:11:36Patient.
01:11:36Dies.
01:11:38What.
01:11:38I.
01:11:38Want.
01:11:39To.
01:11:39Tell.
01:11:39You.
01:11:47My.
01:11:48Doctor.
01:11:48It.
01:11:48It.
01:11:49Means.
01:11:49Sir.
01:11:50New.
01:11:50Action.
01:11:51Was.
01:11:51Created.
01:11:52By.
01:11:52Doctor.
01:11:52Here.
01:11:53Doctor.
01:11:54Is.
01:11:54Also.
01:11:55Responsible.
01:11:55Very.
01:11:56Very.
01:11:56Potential.
01:11:56New.
01:11:57Action.
01:11:58Interving.
01:11:58The.
01:11:58Case.
01:11:58Accident.
01:11:59Is.
01:11:59Responsible.
01:12:00But.
01:12:00Not.
01:12:03Only.
01:12:03That.
01:12:04Why.
01:12:04Along.
01:12:05With.
01:12:05That.
01:12:05Doctor.
01:12:05Is.
01:12:06Also.
01:12:06Responsible.
01:12:07This.
01:12:07Is.
01:12:07Known.
01:12:08As.
01:12:08New.
01:12:08Action.
01:12:09Intervening.
01:12:09The.
01:12:09Case.
01:12:10No.
01:12:10Actors.
01:12:11Intervenience.
01:12:12New.
01:12:13Action.
01:12:13Intervening.
01:12:13The.
01:12:13Case.
01:12:14No.
01:12:14Actors.
01:12:15Intervenience.
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01:12:31And.
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01:12:36Friend.
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01:12:39Responsible.
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01:13:28Causes.
01:13:28Negligence.
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01:13:30Doctor.
01:13:31Causes.
01:13:31Negligence.
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01:13:39Liability.
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01:14:03Another.
01:14:04Example.
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01:14:06Hospital.
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01:14:14Negligence.
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01:14:23Negligence.
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01:14:25Responsibility.
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01:14:28Is.
01:14:28Fortis.
01:14:28Hospital.
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01:14:30Fortis.
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01:15:26Answer.
01:15:26Year 40s.
01:15:29Hospital.
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01:15:30Surgeon.
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01:15:33Very.
01:15:33Important.
01:15:35Medical.
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01:15:46Example.
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01:16:37Negligence.
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01:16:39Involved.
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01:16:45Which.
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01:17:24Proof.
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01:17:34Servant.
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01:17:35Very.
01:17:35Important.
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01:18:09Dear.
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01:18:10Be.
01:18:10Responsible.
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01:18:26Temporary.
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01:18:28Temporary.
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01:18:29Temporary.
01:18:30Staff.
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01:18:58Consent.
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01:19:04Police.
01:19:07Other.
01:19:07Guardian.
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01:19:19Parentis.
01:19:19Maintenance.
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01:19:21Record.
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01:19:22Friend.
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01:19:23Question.
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01:19:27Year.
01:19:27At.
01:19:27Least.
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01:19:30Completion.
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01:19:32Year.
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01:19:34Death.
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01:19:37The.
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01:19:38Three.
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01:19:40Legal.
01:19:40Document.
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01:19:41Favorite.
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01:19:43Years.
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01:19:50Within.
01:19:5172.
01:19:52Hours.
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01:19:56Cases.
01:19:56Death.
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01:20:12Act.
01:20:12My.
01:20:13Dear.
01:20:13Friend.
01:20:13To.
01:20:14Assess.
01:20:17To.
01:20:18Assess.
01:20:18Medical.
01:20:19Negligence.
01:20:19First.
01:20:20Test.
01:20:20Is.
01:20:21Bolum.
01:20:21Test.
01:20:22Bolum.
01:20:22Test.
01:20:23My.
01:20:23Dear.
01:20:23Friend.
01:20:24What.
01:20:24Is.
01:20:24Bolum.
01:20:24Test.
01:20:26Bolum.
01:20:27Test.
01:20:27It.
01:20:27States.
01:20:28That.
01:20:28If.
01:20:29The.
01:20:29Doctor.
01:20:29Has.
01:20:30Acted.
01:20:30According.
01:20:30To.
01:20:31The.
01:20:31Proper.
01:20:31And.
01:20:32Accepted.
01:20:32Practice.
01:20:34If.
01:20:38Standard.
01:20:40Of.
01:20:40Care.
01:20:41Should.
01:20:41Be.
01:20:42Judged.
01:20:42By.
01:20:43Us.
01:20:43Ki.
01:20:43Standard.
01:20:43Of.
01:20:43Care.
01:20:44Us.
01:20:44Ko.
01:20:44Kitna.
01:20:45Care.
01:20:45Lena.
01:20:45Chaeyta.
01:20:45How.
01:20:45Much.
01:20:46Care.
01:20:46You.
01:20:46Should.
01:20:46Take.
01:20:46Care.
01:20:48It.
01:20:48Should.
01:20:48Be.
01:20:48Judged.
01:20:49By.
01:20:49Once.
01:20:51Own.
01:20:52Peer.
01:20:53It.
01:20:54Means.
01:20:54Once.
01:20:55Own.
01:20:55Colleague.
01:20:56If.
01:20:57I.
01:20:57Am.
01:20:57MBBS.
01:20:57MD.
01:20:58It.
01:20:58Should.
01:20:58Be.
01:20:58Judged.
01:20:59By.
01:20:59My.
01:20:59Colleague.
01:21:00By.
01:21:01Who.
01:21:01Are.
01:21:02Like.
01:21:02MBBS.
01:21:02MD.
01:21:03Not.
01:21:03By.
01:21:04Not.
01:21:04By.
01:21:05Senior.
01:21:05Consultant.
01:21:09Not.
01:21:10By.
01:21:12Senior.
01:21:13Consultant.
01:21:13A.
01:21:13Very.
01:21:14Superior.
01:21:14Authority.
01:21:15Means.
01:21:15Whatever.
01:21:16I.
01:21:16Did.
01:21:17It.
01:21:17Should.
01:21:17Be.
01:21:17Just.
01:21:17By.
01:21:18My.
01:21:19Calibre.
01:21:19Colleague.
01:21:20Ki.
01:21:20Us.
01:21:20Ne.
01:21:20Itna.
01:21:21Karna.
01:21:21Tha.
01:21:21Utna.
01:21:22Hi.
01:21:22Mine.
01:21:22Car.
01:21:22Diya.
01:21:22And.
01:21:22Car.
01:21:23Diya.
01:21:23That.
01:21:24Means.
01:21:24The.
01:21:24Practice.
01:21:25And.
01:21:25Treatment.
01:21:26Accepted.
01:21:26Should.
01:21:27Be.
01:21:27Judged.
01:21:28By.
01:21:28One's.
01:21:30Own.
01:21:30Peers.
01:21:32Own.
01:21:32Colleague.
01:21:32Own.
01:21:33Level.
01:21:34Aap.
01:21:34Ke.
01:21:34Level.
01:21:34Waale.
01:21:34Judge.
01:21:35Karenge.
01:21:35Ki.
01:21:35Woh.
01:21:36Kitna.
01:21:36Kaam.
01:21:36Karate.
01:21:36How.
01:21:37Much.
01:21:37Which.
01:21:37Is.
01:21:37Required.
01:21:38That.
01:21:38Is.
01:21:39Just.
01:21:39By.
01:21:39Own.
01:21:39Spear.
01:21:40Not.
01:21:40By.
01:21:40Senior.
01:21:41Consultant.
01:21:41Not.
01:21:42By.
01:21:42Consultant.
01:21:43Having.
01:21:4420.
01:21:44Year.
01:21:44Experience.
01:21:45That.
01:21:46Is.
01:21:46Not.
01:21:46That.
01:21:46Is.
01:21:46Different.
01:21:47Thing.
01:21:47You.
01:21:47Are.
01:21:47Different.
01:21:48One.
01:21:48This.
01:21:49Is.
01:21:49Known.
01:21:49As.
01:21:50Bolam.
01:21:50Test.
01:21:51Now.
01:21:52The.
01:21:52Modified.
01:21:53Bolam.
01:21:53Test.
01:21:54My.
01:21:54Dear.
01:21:54Friend.
01:21:57Modified.
01:21:58Bolam.
01:21:58Test.
01:22:00Is.
01:22:00Known.
01:22:01As.
01:22:01Bolito.
01:22:01Test.
01:22:02How.
01:22:02To.
01:22:03Remember.
01:22:03Bolito.
01:22:04It.
01:22:04Is.
01:22:04Legal.
01:22:05Assessment.
01:22:05Of.
01:22:06Medical.
01:22:06Negligence.
01:22:09Legal.
01:22:09Assessment.
01:22:10Of.
01:22:11Medical.
01:22:11Negligence.
01:22:12Now.
01:22:12Looks.
01:22:12Up.
01:22:13Defense.
01:22:13And.
01:22:13Its.
01:22:14Body.
01:22:14Of.
01:22:15Opinion.
01:22:15Means.
01:22:16Whatever.
01:22:17Body.
01:22:18Of.
01:22:18Opinion.
01:22:18Is.
01:22:18Defending.
01:22:19A.
01:22:19Doctor.
01:22:19I.
01:22:19Am.
01:22:20Defending.
01:22:21The.
01:22:21Doctor.
01:22:22The.
01:22:22Body.
01:22:23Of.
01:22:23Opinion.
01:22:24Should.
01:22:24Be.
01:22:24Reasonable.
01:22:25And.
01:22:25Responsible.
01:22:26As.
01:22:27Well.
01:22:27As.
01:22:27Logical.
01:22:29It.
01:22:29Means.
01:22:30Three.
01:22:30Things.
01:22:30Are.
01:22:30Required.
01:22:31The.
01:22:31Defending.
01:22:33Body.
01:22:33Of.
01:22:34Opinion.
01:22:34My.
01:22:34Dear.
01:22:35Friend.
01:22:35It.
01:22:35Should.
01:22:36Be.
01:22:36Reasonable.
01:22:37Number.
01:22:37One.
01:22:38Responsible.
01:22:39As.
01:22:39Well.
01:22:39As.
01:22:40Logical.
01:22:41Means.
01:22:41The.
01:22:41Body.
01:22:42Of.
01:22:42Opinion.
01:22:43Should.
01:22:43Be.
01:22:44Reasonable.
01:22:45Logical.
01:22:46And.
01:22:47Responsible.
01:22:48Defend.
01:22:48This.
01:22:49Is.
01:22:49Bolito.
01:22:49It.
01:22:50Is.
01:22:50A.
01:22:50Legal.
01:22:50Assessment.
01:22:50Of.
01:22:51The.
01:22:51Medical.
01:22:51Whatever.
01:22:52You.
01:22:52Treated.
01:22:52It.
01:22:52Would.
01:22:53Be.
01:22:53Judged.
01:22:53By.
01:22:53Your.
01:22:53Own.
01:22:54Peer.
01:22:54This.
01:22:54Is.
01:22:54A.
01:22:54Bolom.
01:22:55And.
01:22:56Opinion.
01:22:57Koon.
01:22:57Banayega.
01:22:57The.
01:22:57Opinion.
01:22:57Will.
01:22:58Be.
01:22:58Given.
01:22:58Which.
01:22:58Is.
01:22:59Which.
01:22:59Is.
01:22:59The.
01:22:59Body.
01:22:59Of.
01:22:59Opinion.
01:23:00Who.
01:23:00Are.
01:23:00Giving.
01:23:00Again.
01:23:01For.
01:23:01Your.
01:23:01Defend.
01:23:02For.
01:23:02Your.
01:23:02Defense.
01:23:02It.
01:23:03Should.
01:23:03Be.
01:23:03Reasonable.
01:23:04It.
01:23:04Should.
01:23:04Be.
01:23:04Responsible.
01:23:05And.
01:23:05It.
01:23:05Should.
01:23:05Be.
01:23:05Logical.
01:23:06This.
01:23:06Is.
01:23:06Bolito.
01:23:08Logical.
01:23:08Legal.
01:23:09Assessment.
01:23:09Of.
01:23:09Medical.
01:23:09Images.
01:23:10Okay.
01:23:11Now.
01:23:12Sir.
01:23:12Declaration.
01:23:12Of.
01:23:13Geneva.
01:23:14What.
01:23:14Are.
01:23:14The.
01:23:15Things.
01:23:16Which.
01:23:16Are.
01:23:16Given.
01:23:16In.
01:23:16Different.
01:23:17Very.
01:23:18Very.
01:23:18Important.
01:23:18Question.
01:23:19Comes.
01:23:19In.
01:23:19Exam.
01:23:20In.
01:23:20Which.
01:23:20Declaration.
01:23:21What.
01:23:21Is.
01:23:21Given.
01:23:21Declaration.
01:23:22Of.
01:23:22Geneva.
01:23:26Hippocratic.
01:23:28Oath.
01:23:29Was.
01:23:29Given.
01:23:29And.
01:23:30Sir.
01:23:30How.
01:23:30To.
01:23:30Remember.
01:23:31Oath.
01:23:31Should.
01:23:31Be.
01:23:32Genuine.
01:23:33Oath.
01:23:33Should.
01:23:33Be.
01:23:33Genuine.
01:23:34Genuine.
01:23:34Geneva.
01:23:35Tokyo.
01:23:37Tokyo.
01:23:37I.
01:23:38Already.
01:23:38Discussed.
01:23:38T.
01:23:39For.
01:23:39Tokyo.
01:23:39T.
01:23:40For.
01:23:40Torture.
01:23:42Physician.
01:23:43Duty.
01:23:43During.
01:23:43The.
01:23:43Torture.
01:23:45Declaration.
01:23:45Of.
01:23:45Tokyo.
01:23:46Torture.
01:23:47And.
01:23:47Oath.
01:23:47Apart.
01:23:48From.
01:23:48Tokyo.
01:23:49There.
01:23:49Was.
01:23:49I.
01:23:49Discussed.
01:23:50In.
01:23:50Torture.
01:23:50Chapter.
01:23:52The.
01:23:53Istanbul.
01:23:53Protocol.
01:23:54Is.
01:23:55Related.
01:23:55With.
01:23:58Istanbul.
01:23:59Protocol.
01:23:59Is.
01:23:59Also.
01:23:59Related.
01:24:00With.
01:24:00Torture.
01:24:00And.
01:24:00Oath.
01:24:01You.
01:24:01Can.
01:24:01Remember.
01:24:02Istanbul.
01:24:02Is.
01:24:02A.
01:24:02Capital.
01:24:03Of.
01:24:03Turkey.
01:24:04Turkey.
01:24:04T.
01:24:04Turkey.
01:24:04Torture.
01:24:05Sydney.
01:24:06Sydney.
01:24:07It.
01:24:08It's.
01:24:08A.
01:24:08Definition.
01:24:08Of.
01:24:09Death.
01:24:11DD.
01:24:11It's.
01:24:12A.
01:24:12Definition.
01:24:12Of.
01:24:13Death.
01:24:14Sydney.
01:24:14Death.
01:24:15Was.
01:24:15Defined.
01:24:15Death.
01:24:16Types.
01:24:16Were.
01:24:16Defined.
01:24:16That.
01:24:17Is.
01:24:17Sydney.
01:24:17Oslo.
01:24:18Double.
01:24:18O.
01:24:20O.
01:24:20O.
01:24:21So.
01:24:21Doc.
01:24:21It's.
01:24:21Very.
01:24:22Simple.
01:24:22O.
01:24:24Abortion.
01:24:272.
01:24:28O.
01:24:28Abortion.
01:24:29It.
01:24:29Is.
01:24:29Therapeutic.
01:24:30Abortion.
01:24:32It.
01:24:33Is.
01:24:33Therapeutic.
01:24:34Abortion.
01:24:34So.
01:24:34You.
01:24:34Can.
01:24:34See.
01:24:35A.
01:24:35Very.
01:24:35Simple.
01:24:35Trick.
01:24:36Here.
01:24:36You.
01:24:37Can.
01:24:37See.
01:24:37O.
01:24:38O.
01:24:382.
01:24:38O.
01:24:392.
01:24:39O.
01:24:39Are.
01:24:40In.
01:24:40This.
01:24:40Yes.
01:24:40O.
01:24:41O.
01:24:41And.
01:24:42This.
01:24:42Is.
01:24:42O.
01:24:42O.
01:24:43You.
01:24:43Can.
01:24:44See.
01:24:45This.
01:24:45Is.
01:24:46Therapeutic.
01:24:46Abortion.
01:24:48So.
01:24:49In.
01:24:49Abortion.
01:24:50A.
01:24:50B.
01:24:51O.
01:24:51R.
01:24:52T.
01:24:52I.
01:24:52O.
01:24:52An.
01:24:53Abortion.
01:24:53We.
01:24:53Have.
01:24:532.
01:24:54O.
01:24:54Therapeutic.
01:24:54Abortion.
01:24:55Was.
01:24:55Defined.
01:24:55In.
01:24:56Oslo.
01:24:58Helsinki.
01:24:59H.
01:25:00H.
01:25:00For.
01:25:00Helsinki.
01:25:01H.
01:25:01For.
01:25:01It.
01:25:02Is.
01:25:02Related.
01:25:02With.
01:25:02Human.
01:25:03Experimentation.
01:25:04H.
01:25:04H.
01:25:09Human.
01:25:10Experimentation.
01:25:12Venice.
01:25:12Venice.
01:25:13The same.
01:25:13Sound.
01:25:14Venice.
01:25:14Is.
01:25:16It.
01:25:16Is.
01:25:16Related.
01:25:17With.
01:25:17Terminal.
01:25:18Illness.
01:25:20Venice.
01:25:21Terminal.
01:25:22Illness.
01:25:22The.
01:25:22Terminal.
01:25:22Illness.
01:25:23Related.
01:25:23Query.
01:25:23Everything.
01:25:24Autonomy.
01:25:24It.
01:25:24Is.
01:25:24Given.
01:25:25In.
01:25:25Venice.
01:25:25Lisbon.
01:25:27Lisbon.
01:25:28It.
01:25:28Is.
01:25:29Rights.
01:25:29Of.
01:25:29Patient.
01:25:31These are given by Lisbon.
01:25:38Malta.
01:25:39Very very.
01:25:40Important.
01:25:41Role of a doctor in hunger strike.
01:25:47Hunger strike.
01:25:50The role of a doctor is Malta.
01:25:54Washington.
01:25:54Washington is in USA.
01:25:55They are believing in the warfare.
01:25:57So it is related with very simple trick.
01:25:59Biological warfare.
01:26:01Biological warfare.
01:26:09Warfare.
01:26:09Ottawa.
01:26:10You can remember by ORS.
01:26:12That's a trick.
01:26:12ORS is given to the children.
01:26:14It is related with child health.
01:26:17These are some trick that will make you very simple.
01:26:20Hong Kong.
01:26:21Hong Kong.
01:26:22It is related with old person abuse.
01:26:24Old abuse.
01:26:25Hong Kong.
01:26:28Old person abuse.
01:26:29So oath is Gen 1.
01:26:30Geneva.
01:26:31Tokyo.
01:26:32Toto.
01:26:32Torture.
01:26:33In Istanbul protocol also torture was given.
01:26:35That's related with this.
01:26:36I already discussed in tort.
01:26:38Sydney.
01:26:38Death.
01:26:39This one.
01:26:40Death.
01:26:41O.O.
01:26:41Oslo.
01:26:42Therapeutic abortion.
01:26:43H. Henselke.
01:26:44H. Human experimentation.
01:26:46Ottawa.
01:26:46O.Tawa.
01:26:47ORS.
01:26:47Child health.
01:26:48Hong Kong.
01:26:49Bada.
01:26:49Bada madav.
01:26:50Old abuse.
01:26:51Washingatan.
01:26:52Biological warfare.
01:26:54Biological warfare.
01:26:55Washingatan.
01:26:56And like Lisbon.
01:26:58Lisbon.
01:26:59It is rights of patient.
01:27:01What are the rights of patient?
01:27:02Venice.
01:27:03Same sound.
01:27:03Venice.
01:27:04Terminal illness.
01:27:06Venice.
01:27:07Terminal illness.
01:27:09This is all about a very very important chapter.
01:27:11We discuss medical jurisprudence.
01:27:14Every line is important my dear friend.
01:27:17Okay.
01:27:17Good luck.
Recommended
36:28
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