How the Universe Works Season 10 (2022) by cosmos space science - Dailymotion

cosmos space science

The series originally aired on the Discovery Channel in 2010. All but the second, third and eighth seasons were narrated by Mike Rowe. The second, third and eighth seasons, as well as episodes of the fifth and sixth seasons, were narrated by Erik Todd Dellums. The first season, which was broadcast on the Discovery Channel from April 25 to May 24, 2010, was released on Blu-ray on February 28, 2012. Since its second season, consisting of eight episodes broadcast between July 11 and August 29, 2012, the show has aired on the Science Channel. The third season aired between July 9 and September 3, 2014. The fourth season premiered on July 14, 2015, as part of the Science Channel's "Space Week," in honor of New Horizons' flyby of Pluto that day; the season ran through September 1, 2015. The show's fifth season aired from November 22, 2016, through February 7, 2017. The sixth season premiered on January 9, 2018, and ran through March 13, 2018. The seventh season premiered on January 8, 2019. On December 30, 2019, it was announced that the eighth season would premiere on January 2, 2020. The ninth season premiered on March 24, 2021. The tenth season premiered on March 6, 2022. The eleventh season premiered on March 5, 2023. According to the site The Futon Critic, ever since its eleventh season run ended, the show is still on hiatus, as no new seasons of the show has ever been announced. Hence, it is possible that the said documentary series has been canceled. #cosmosspacescience #howtheuniverseworksseason10 #cosmology #astronomy #spacetime #space #nasa #discoverychannel #usaastronomy #spacedocumentary

Transcript

00:01The night sky. Countless stars and the majestic sweep of the Milky Way.

00:09But beyond our local neighborhood, across the cosmos, there are over 2 trillion more galaxies.

00:17When we first began to observe galaxies, we collected them like butterflies.

00:22Little by little, we realized that they formed a web.

00:25The cosmic web is the infrastructure that connects every corner of the universe.

00:31You don't know anything about our universe if you don't understand the cosmic web.

00:35It feeds galaxies, it forms galaxies, it is made of galaxies.

00:41It's the architect of everything, and our cosmic future depends on it.

00:48The cosmic web is one of the most important parts of our universe.

00:52It plays a key role in the evolution of the cosmos.

00:56Without the cosmic web, there would be no stars, no planets.

01:00Nowhere in the universe where the conditions of life could exist.

01:04How did the universe go from a hot soup of gas to a cosmic web sprinkled with galaxies, planets, and us?

01:14How did the universe go from a hot soup of gas?

01:17How did the human place go from a hot soup of gas?

01:19How did the ocean air come from a hot soup of gas?

01:20How did the universe go from a hot soup of gas?

01:23How did the universe go from a hot soup of gas?

01:26The universe may appear randomly.

01:28Two trillion galaxies spread across the cosmos.

01:32But in this cosmic chaos, scientists detect oil.

01:35the cosmos but in this cosmic chaos scientists detect order when we first

01:46saw that the universe was full of galaxies it seemed like overwhelming

01:50chaos but it's not they are all connected

01:54galaxies link up in a gigantic cosmic network spanning the entire universe

02:01how this pattern emerged may be cosmology's biggest puzzle in some senses

02:09you don't understand something unless you understand how it comes into existence

02:13and how it's formed and galaxies are the basic building block of our universe to

02:20solve this mystery scientists need to go deep to the very edge of the observable

02:26universe and study light from the first galaxies

02:35chile 2021 scientists point the vlt or very large telescope towards the hubble ultra deep field

02:45it's a patch of sky famously photographed by the hubble space telescope in 1995. the vlt's power

02:54allows astronomers to see much deeper into space imagine you take a grain of sand and you put it

03:01on your fingertip and you hold your arm out like this and you block a part of the sky looking at that

03:07grain of sand that's the size of the hubble ultra deep field and yet it contains thousands of galaxies

03:15in it the telescope stares at those galaxies for 155 hours and picks up the faintest of glows

03:27ancient hydrogen gas concentrated along a strand of space 15 million light years long

03:35the filaments are just one tiny section of the cosmic web the largest known structure in the universe

03:48the scale of the cosmic web is enormous it is by definition the largest thing that we can see

03:54in our universe today the cosmic web is a lattice of filaments linked streams of hydrogen gas that form

04:04an intergalactic network spanning the entire universe inside the nodes of the cosmic web you'll find

04:11galaxies stars black holes along the filaments you'll find gas that connects these nodes and the gas will

04:19connect to the other galaxies and clusters of galaxies it's this beautiful superhighway of large cities

04:27that are connected through these filaments we can see the cosmic web about as far back as we can look

04:35and really galaxies are forming along that web all the way back this cosmic infrastructure dates back to

04:43the earliest days of the universe

04:4813.8 billion years ago the universe ignites in a tiny ball of super hot energy

04:58it expands and begins to cool

05:03energy transforms into primitive subatomic particles of matter the heat from the big bang

05:11is so intense gravity is effectively powerless the very early universe was super hot super energetic

05:20and regular particles of matter were zipping around so fast that not even gravity could hold them together

05:26but regular matter wasn't the only thing in the early universe

05:30in the background gravity is working on something else

05:35regular matter's ghostly cousin the invisible substance known today

05:41as dark matter it makes up about 85 percent of all the matter created in the early universe

05:49normal matter and dark matter both existed around the time of the big bang

05:53big bang but the way they played out was very different

05:56just 10 seconds after the big bang the infant universe is billions of degrees fahrenheit

06:03still far too hot for regular matter particles to clump together

06:08but dark matter plays by different rules

06:10dark matter isn't affected by the big bang's intense radiation in the same way that regular matter is

06:18and so because it's able to cool it clumps together in a way that regular matter doesn't

06:23it as dark matter clumps grow they exert a gravitational pull and begin to form shadowy structures

06:33as soon as the dark matter gets a foothold we have a place where there's a bit more stuff

06:37then that attracts more and more dark matter

06:41380 000 years after the big bang the intense heat drops to a few thousand degrees

06:49normal particles of matter move around more slowly protons and electrons bind together

06:56and form atoms of hydrogen and helium gas then gravity from dark matter starts to work on regular matter

07:06before you know it you have this very clumpy universe with these huge dark matter halos

07:12that can now start to draw in also ordinary matter in the form of gas

07:18a billion-year building project begins the dark matter clumps pull in clouds of gas

07:26the foundations of the cosmic web and the galaxies just as when you build a building you know there's

07:34a lot of work that happens before the building goes up our universe spent a lot of time laying the

07:39groundwork for this cosmic web before it switched on the lights the foundations are complete but the job

07:48isn't finished how did those clouds of gas transform into the greatest structure in the universe

07:56the secretive dark matter that brought the gas together is also on site managing the build

08:05it was really the dark matter that called the shots in in cosmic clustering because it outweighed

08:11the ordinary stuff by by a big factor in essence the cosmic web is made of dark matter tendrils of

08:19material are stretched out across the cosmos as the sprawling structure builds its gravitational

08:26pull strengthens pulling in more dark matter the clumps begin to collapse and shrink down

08:34into filaments these meet at even more tightly packed clusters creating a huge dark scaffold that

08:42drags in more hydrogen gas imagine drops of dew on a spider web that's like hydrogen blobs being

08:50pulled into dark matter's cosmic web after tens of millions of years of construction strands of gas

08:59stretch across the cosmos fast forward to now the web appears in all its star-spangled glory lit up with

09:10galaxies we know at some point stars and galaxies formed the big question is when what were the first

09:16galaxies like that's a big mystery so how then did the lights of the cosmos switch on evidence suggests

09:25that as the universe assembled its web of dark matter and hydrogen gas the biggest stars that have ever

09:32lived set the cosmos ablaze 2018 scientists study an ancient galaxy the catchily named macs 1149-jd1

09:52there they find some of the oldest stars ever detected this particular galaxy is exciting because

10:03it's forming stars just a very short time after the big bang those stars could hold clues as to how the

10:11cosmic web that supports the universe first lit up but as astronomers study starlight from when the

10:18universe was just 250 million years old they get a shock the stars are not just made up of hydrogen

10:28and helium produced in the big bang they also contain what astronomers call metals metals in astronomy is

10:38everything heavier than hydrogen and helium no matter where it is on the periodic table if you're not

10:44hydrogen or helium you are a metal even though that makes no sense if i were king of astronomy metals is

10:51right out the big bang only made hydrogen and helium anything heavier than that was churned up in the cores

11:00of dying stars the bright stars of this ancient galaxy dating back to just 250 million years after the big bang

11:10contain chemicals that were created in even earlier stars

11:17some of them seem to be nearly the age of the universe extremely old and yet they contain elements

11:23that guarantee they can't have been the first generation as old as these stars are there must have been

11:29something that came before the earlier first generation of stars remains cloaked in mystery

11:36how did the first stars ignite and did they kick start the formation of the first galaxies

11:47it sounds like like a classic creation myth it's out of the darkness out of nothing structure

11:54arrived and from that structure the galaxies the lights in the universe turned on

12:00we've never seen a first generation star but physicists have a theory of how they formed and what they were like

12:12let's step even further back in time to around a hundred million years after the big bang

12:18the early cosmic web is dark there are no stars to illuminate it

12:23but the universe is ready for stellar ignition

12:32cooled down after millions of years of expansion the gas clouds clinging to the dark matter scaffold begin to contract

12:43as the hydrogen gas clumps together larger clouds form super dense ultra hot cores

12:49if you can bring hydrogen together and actually get it hot and dense enough

12:56hydrogen will begin to fuse into helium there'll be a nuclear fusion reaction going on

13:03simulations suggest that some gas clouds are hundreds of times the mass of the sun

13:11the stars they produce are unlike anything that exists today

13:15so the stars around us today really top out at masses between let's say you know 70 to 100 times the

13:24mass of our sun there's nothing larger than that these first stars were up to a thousand times more

13:32massive than the sun so if you plopped it in our solar system it would extend all the way past jupiter

13:39so think about that that is incredibly big that scale is mind-blowing so what happened to these stellar behemoths

13:50the lifetime of a star has a lot to do with its mass the more massive a star is the more gravity

13:56crushes the interior up to high temperatures and it burns through its nuclear fuel even faster so

14:01incredibly the more mass there is the shorter a lifetime you get for a star

14:06the first generation of stars the first generation of stars are sort of like the rappers and rock stars of

14:13the universe they live fast they die young

14:19first generation stars didn't live long enough to form complex galaxies

14:24but they did set the process in motion

14:28the lives of the first stars may have been rock and roll

14:31but their explosive deaths in supernovas pump the universe full of heavy metal

14:40in the galaxy today we see a supernova maybe every couple of years close to us every couple of decades

14:46this must have been a firework show giant supernovas going off all the time all around you

14:52that act of destruction is actually an act of creation what a star does in its core

15:00is it creates heavier elements from lighter elements

15:05that first generation of stars must have been absolutely incredible

15:09simply exploding so quickly and unloading all of this wonderful new chemistry into the galaxy

15:15two hundred million years after the big bang the remains of the first stars flood the interstellar

15:23medium with heavier elements like carbon oxygen silicon and iron crucial ingredients for the next wave of stars

15:36it's such a beautiful story because suddenly the whole process of star formation changed

15:41and it literally became easier to make a star

15:46heavy elements suck heat out of the surrounding gas cooler clouds crunch down much faster

15:53the smaller second generation stars form rapidly and in much greater numbers

16:00somehow this mess of stars transformed into a network of young galaxies but it wasn't easy

16:07because as these baby galaxies formed a breed of matter-hungry monsters appeared in the young cosmic web

16:2313.6 billion years ago the dark scaffold that supports all the regular matter in the universe

16:30emerges ablaze with stars

16:32but how did this stellar array evolve into a structure littered with organized galaxies

16:41it seems they formed under constant threat of destruction

16:50october 2020 astronomers discover a monster lurking among the cosmic web's earliest structures dating to 900

17:00million years after the big bang a super massive black hole six galaxies surround this cosmic giant

17:09caught in its grip seemingly linked to the super massive black hole by filaments of the developing cosmic web

17:19it's like the universe has given super massive black holes an umbilical cord

17:24it's like an all-you-can-eat buffet right there super massive black holes are hungry beasts

17:33they feast on any matter that gets too close to them super massive black holes are likely some of the most

17:41powerful objects in the universe they can be anywhere between a hundred thousand to ten billion times the mass of the sun

17:49super massive black holes have been a nemesis for generations of scientists not because of their

17:56fearsome nature but because nobody knows how they grew so large so early i wish i knew where super massive

18:05black holes came from if i knew i would have a nobel prize hanging around my neck and i would wear it every

18:10single day as someone who deeply loves super massive black holes whose career is based on studying

18:19super massive black holes it is very frustrating to not know where they come from regular stellar black

18:27holes are the collapsed cores of dead stars ranging from three to thousands of solar masses but super massive

18:35black holes those are a different beast 13 billion years ago not enough stars had lived and died

18:44to build something as huge as a super massive black hole

18:51now the cosmic web offers scientists clues about the black hole conundrum we now know super massive black

19:00holes grow among the lattice of the young cosmic web gorging on the hydrogen gas that travels along the

19:08filaments at the same time when the cosmic web is lighting up super massive black holes appear to be stealing

19:17star fuel from the young universe you might think that would kill a growing galaxy and yet most mature galaxies

19:27have a super massive black hole they really dominate the physics of what happens in the centers of

19:33galaxies and even how galaxies can evolve we think these galactic monsters have been around from the start

19:41how then did the web's young galaxies develop around supermassive black holes the milky way's supermassive

19:50black hole is called sagittarius a star it's around 27 million miles wide and weighs in at just over 4

19:59million solar masses the environment around sagittarius a star is very dynamic it can actually be a really

20:10hellish place there's this accretion disk that's full of plasma seated to thousands of degrees so you

20:17wouldn't necessarily think that that's a great place for star formation to happen but that's exactly

20:25where astronomers decided to look using the atacama large millimeter array or alma for short scientists

20:34scanned the heart of the milky way for dense cores of gas and dust stellar embryos they found more than 800

20:44within just a thousand light years of sagittarius a star including more than 40 embryos with energetic

20:52jets blasting from their cores the telltale sign of the birth of stars

21:02it's really surprising to find those stars there it's like hearing babies cries from a wolf's den

21:08it's not the place you would expect this to happen but in fact stars are forming there now it's not

21:16as efficient as it is out here in the suburbs where things are quieter but it works baby stars igniting

21:24and thriving around a supermassive black hole the kind of hostile environment we know existed in the

21:31young cosmic web star birth is a key part of kick-starting young galaxies this evidence suggests that star

21:40formation is more resilient than researchers thought and they've developed a theory to explain it gas and

21:49dust race around the black hole in the accretion disk heated to incredible temperatures plumes of gas

21:56break off and blast into space the gas rapidly cools collapses and forms baby stars these accretion disks

22:06are the most chaotic of stellar nurseries you see this mechanism that you think is violently inhibiting

22:13star formation and at the same time it's triggering the birth of new stars matter clumps at the cosmic

22:21web's intersections feeding the supermassive black holes around them stars burst into life slowly building

22:31galaxies this could be how our own milky way formed among the filaments of the young cosmic web

22:40but new research suggests that growth in these baby galaxies requires murder and mayhem and without them

22:48we wouldn't exist

22:58the infant universe is a dramatic place stars ignite and stars die even in the violent surroundings of super

23:08massive black holes baby galaxies form with the cosmic web

23:14but how do they grow scientists believe the critical factor is galactic turmoil

23:24the universe does need to churn things up you need to break some eggs to make an omelet you need

23:28to introduce some chaos into your galaxy to rapidly form stars or grow black holes

23:35smashing things together is how the universe came to be

23:39the hubble space telescope discovers many distorted galaxies twisted battered and torn

23:49victims of violent collisions on a cosmic scale

23:55galaxies are never sitting quietly doing nothing they're always undergoing change they're constantly

24:02encountering and slamming into and colliding with and mixing with other galaxies

24:06you can see images in hubble of total car wrecks of galaxies that are trying to merge with each other

24:16we know that galaxies collide now

24:19but what about in the early universe when the cosmic web was beginning to take shape

24:26astronomers study a strange galaxy named himiko born just 800 million years after the big bang

24:33three bright light sources suggest intense star formation detailed analysis reveals not one galaxy but three baby galaxies not yet fully formed

24:50scientists call these youthful star systems proto galaxies the trio that make up himiko are in mid collision

24:59computer simulations of the early universe suggest proto galaxies smashed together with frightening regularity

25:10these violent shake-ups trigger star birth

25:15proto galaxies are rich in gas and when they collide and merge those gas clouds collide and collapse and form

25:21stars sometimes at prodigious rates and after a billion years or so all of that structure forms and you get a formal galaxy

25:30picture the early universe 500 million years after the big bang it's smaller and more compact than today

25:38cosmic collisions are common

25:42imagine taking a bunch of cars and just letting them drive around in nevada where there's nothing but space

25:47right you're not going to get too many collisions now squeeze them into a tiny little city block

25:52someplace and you're just going to have accidents everywhere well it's the same thing with the universe when the

25:57universe was younger it was smaller and these proto galaxies were everywhere it was crowded you were bound

26:03to get collisions between them back then more and more baby galaxies form at the growing webs gas rich

26:11intersections a collision between small proto galaxies might trigger modest amounts of star formation

26:18when regions of dense matter come together

26:21but a merger involving proto galaxies with rich reserves of gas can rev up the rate of stellar

26:31ignition supercharging a growing galaxy

26:35gas rich mergers can generate star burst galaxies where we see incredibly vigorous events of star formation

26:42astronomers think one such smash up around 10 billion years ago kick-started the growth of the milky way

26:51a group of stars called the gaia enceladus cluster in the outer reaches of the galaxy

26:57behaves strangely compared to other stars around it the stars in the gaia enceladus cluster

27:06they're different they move differently they act different they're like they're like kids from the

27:10next town over showing up at your school you just know that they don't belong the milky way had already

27:17largely formed and then this massive cluster comes screaming in it was a violent event that eventually

27:27ended up absorbing the stars from this cluster into the body of the milky way itself galaxies are built

27:35from these kinds of collisions less than a billion years after the big bang the dark scaffold of the cosmic

27:43web begins to glow matter channeled down the web's tendrils creates dense clumps of gas even in the

27:53turbulent neighborhoods of supermassive black holes stars burst into life baby galaxies collide and the

28:02young universe sparkles with light but an important question remains in the mayhem of the early universe

28:12how did galaxies like our milky way survive and thrive galaxy evolution is very dynamic our

28:23understanding of galaxy evolution is very dynamic and there's so much that we still don't know there's

28:30a lot of different competing theories right now as to how galaxies grew into the galaxies that we see today

28:38it's a huge open question and it's something that's a big deal in science right now

28:43new research suggests that life and death in the cradle of the universe lay within the cosmic web

28:5813.6 billion years ago a proto galaxy the infant milky way forms in the tendrils of the young cosmic web

29:0713.6 billion years ago today it bears the scars of many collisions each one could have torn it apart

29:15so what controls if a young galaxy lives or dies may 2020 scientists image a graceful galaxy that existed

29:27just 1.4 billion years after the big bang analysis of its light shows this is a starburst galaxy pumping

29:37out newborn stars galaxies like our milky way are old and rather stately and they don't form stars very

29:45rapidly about the equivalent of the mass of the sun every year well starburst galaxies yeah they form

29:51them a lot more quickly hundreds of solar masses per year but bri 1335 0417

29:574 650 times the mass of the sun every year it is blasting out stars

30:08some young galaxies in the early universe

30:104.6 billion years after the sun every year it appears to be supercharged with star fuel how can

30:15they grow at such an incredible pace

30:174.6 billion years after the sun every year it appears to be supercharged with star fuel

30:20scientists think the answer lies in the mysterious substance that's controlled the flow of gas

30:26since the beginning the dark structure whose tendrils stitch the universe together

30:34but exploring this cosmic network is no easy task when it comes to dark matter we're flying blind

30:42may 2021 an international team of researchers investigates dark matter in the local universe

30:54by observing its effect on the path of light gravity affects light a massive object causes light to curve

31:05through space even if that object is invisible like dark matter

31:10we can't see the dark matter directly but we can see what it's doing to the light it's stretching

31:16it it's bending it it's creating arcs in ways that would never happen unless the dark matter were there

31:23using an ai program the team analyzes 100 million visible galaxies looking for warped galactic light

31:32because the model is artificially intelligent it gets better and better at finding dark matter

31:40what's very clever about this kind of algorithm is that it's learning as it goes it uses the

31:48information that it has to predict the existence of new structures

31:55as the model teaches itself to see the dark matter behind the stars

31:59it maps out new dark structures never before seen highways between galaxies there's a lot more

32:07filaments there's a lot more intricacies there's a lot more cosmic web there than what meets the eye

32:15it's like if you look how manhattan is connected to to the land around it you can see all the bridges

32:22but now we're also seeing the underwater tunnels

32:25the new layout of dark matter reveals the local universe is a bird's nest of hidden channels feeding galaxies with gas

32:38galactic structures seem to thrive at the cosmic web's most densely knotted intersections

32:46because multiple filaments are intersecting in those locations and that is a location of very

32:52enhanced gravity relative to other locations then material will be drawn in so these galaxy clusters

32:59are likely feeding off the cosmic web this connectivity could be the key to the rapidly forming galaxies in

33:08the early universe but there's a catch sitting right at the densest regions of the cosmic web can be

33:17really good for galaxy growth you have all of this gas being funneled in for new star formation

33:23but being that plugged into the network isn't all good news there is evidence that though the cosmic web

33:30gives life it can also take life away scientists studying some of the universe's most heavily connected

33:38galaxies found something unexpected plummeting rates of star birth in some ways it's a little bit

33:45counterintuitive right if if these nodes are meeting grounds for all of this gas right why aren't you

33:53forming more stars there one explanation in the all-you-can-eat buffet of the cosmic web's matter-rich

34:01junctions a young galaxy might overindulge as the cosmic web funnels more matter towards a junction and

34:11its growing galaxies the gas influx doesn't just boost star formation it fattens up the supermassive

34:18black hole at the galaxy's core for a young galaxy that's dangerous because when this monster

34:26overeats it produces high energy jets and belches out super hot wind these black holes radiate tremendous

34:37amounts of energy when they grow and that radiation can slam into the material around them in the

34:42galaxy and blow it all out of the galaxy launch it away or heat it up to super high temperatures

34:48star formation requires stuff so if you blow that stuff away how are you going to form a star

34:57and what's left behind would be what we call a quenched galaxy that basically can't form any new stars

35:03the researchers found that although connectivity within the cosmic web can boost galactic growth

35:10it was the super connected galaxies that died the quickest choked and stunted like over watered plants

35:19perhaps our milky way got lucky you could say that the milky way galaxy is sort of in this goldilocks

35:27zone of galaxy formation it's been receiving enough gas over time that it's been able to keep up with

35:33its star formation but not so much gas that its central black hole has been fed enough that it would

35:40clear the galaxy out of gas the cosmic web determined if galaxies lived or died its construction project

35:50brought order to chaos the cosmic web is the architect the engineer the builder the construction worker

35:59even the interior designer of the cosmos but now work is shut down an invisible force threatens to tear

36:10apart the very fabric of the cosmic web what does this mean for galaxies and for us

36:20the cosmic web brought order to the early universe the gravitational attraction of its dark scaffolding

36:35helped build galaxies and fueled their development but growth tops out at the level of galaxy clusters

36:43nothing bigger will ever form

36:45something has stopped the formation of structure in our universe

36:53to understand what's going on we need to return to the big bang and the formation of the cosmic web

37:0313.8 billion years ago the universe sparks into life a tiny ball of pure energy cools and expands

37:15the energy transforms into regular matter and dark matter

37:21but another force appears at the same time dark energy

37:30dark energy as far as we understand it which is not much has always been here it's always been a part of

37:37the universe but it's been silent in the background dark energy is everywhere it's over here it's over there it's between you and me

37:47it's absolutely everywhere one theory is that dark energy never formed that it's just a constant in the laws of physics

37:55it has always been there and always will be

37:57the dark energy

37:59some physicists believe that dark energy is simply the force of emptiness

38:05people used to take for granted that space was empty vacuum

38:11but uh the discovery of dark energy has made some people wonder if space is actually

38:16more of a substance and um that space also might have pressure that causes things to push apart

38:23so yeah whatever space is it might be more interesting than we thought

38:29dark matter dominates the young universe

38:33but as the dark scaffold of the cosmic web grows it sows the seeds of self-destruction

38:41as the network of matter takes shape pockets of emptiness form between the filaments cosmic voids

38:49and these expanding hollow spaces dark energy grows the weirdest thing about dark energy is that it has

39:00constant density constant density means the more volume you have the more dark energy you have so

39:09the larger the voids get the more dark energy they contain

39:15dark energy pushes against the cosmic web opening up huge chasms in the architecture of the universe

39:23five billion years ago dark matter's strength of attraction is finally overwhelmed

39:30like bridge cables in a hurricane the cosmic web's filaments stretch and snap and the universe's

39:37substructure fails galactic construction freezes as the universe expands but darker times are ahead

39:47for the cosmic web as time goes on not only is it expanding but this expansion gets faster and faster and

39:56faster

39:58as the dark energy in the voids increases the entire structure of the cosmic web begins to break up

40:07the effects of dark energy will get stronger and stronger with time until the very fabric of

40:14space-time gets torn apart this isn't a superhero movie the bad guy wins the future of the cosmic web is

40:23looking bleak ultimately it's going to be a cold lonely universe our closest galaxies will accelerate away

40:34until they're just tiny pinpricks of light then the universe will go dark again

40:41everything will fade out so the universe started with a bang but it will die with a whisper

40:49the cosmic web transformed the universe from a hot mess to a sparkling structure it gave birth

40:57to billions of galaxies and us without it space would be a much less interesting place this giant

41:07structure the largest thing that we know of in the universe is responsible for nourishing the galaxies

41:12creating the stars making the conditions right to form life we would not be here talking right now if

41:19it were not for this cosmic web understanding the cosmic web is understanding dark matter is

41:27understanding dark energy is understanding our past is understanding our future really everything

41:34that we know about how the universe works is directly tied to the cosmic web it's amazing to think

41:41that the overall structure of the universe that we witness today began in the earliest times of the

41:48universe and has yielded beings like ourselves who can now discover it and ponder about its existence

41:56that's pretty dope

How the Universe Works Season 10 Episode 1 Secrets of the Cosmic Web

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How the Universe Works Season 10 (2022)

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