00:28Many of you might think that floods are just overflowing of water.
00:34Well, it is much more than that.
00:39An event when a dry piece of land suddenly gets submerged in water is usually known as floods.
00:47Oh! Don't take it lightly.
00:50A flood comes in all depths.
00:52Sometimes it is so high that you don't even have a place to go.
00:58The power of floods is sometimes very dangerous.
01:02It can knock your car off and sweep you off your feet too.
01:08Causes of floods are heavy rains, river overflow, tsunami or hurricanes, ice or snowmills, breaking of dams etc.
01:20Whoa! Help!
01:28So, a flood can be divided majorly into three categories.
01:32Slow onset floods.
01:36This kind of flood usually happens when water bodies over flood their banks.
01:42As the name suggests, this one develops slowly which can last for days or even weeks.
01:50Rapid onset floods.
01:52Rapid onset floods.
01:53This kind of flood lasts for a day or two.
01:57Even though it is destructive, it still takes a little time to develop and thus giving people a chance to escape.
02:06Now comes the most dangerous of them all.
02:10Flash floods.
02:12This kind occurs within a very short time.
02:16That is, two to six hours and sometimes within minutes.
02:21This doesn't give any time to prepare.
02:24No warnings.
02:25No words of caution.
02:27Just destruction.
02:29But hey, don't lose heart.
02:33We can do our bits to prevent floods.
02:36Yes, that's right.
02:38Planting more trees help preventing floods.
02:43The roots of plants and trees dig deep into the soil and create spaces between soil particles.
02:50Which help in seeping and holding on to flood water.
02:55Trivia time!
02:57Floods can even occur in deserts.
03:01In ancient Egypt, people relied on the Nile river floods because they created enriched soil for farmers.
03:10So, what are the three types of floods?
03:14Well, you keep thinking and post your answers in the comment section below.
03:20This is me, Zooming out.
03:23Tune in next time for more fun facts.
03:27Hey friends!
03:29Isn't the weather lovely?
03:31Wait a minute!
03:32Is it me or is the ground moving?
03:35Whoa!
03:36Be careful!
03:38It's a landslide!
03:40Let me tell you about this natural disaster!
03:45Zoom in!
03:47When the upper mass of the soil gets dislocated from the lower layers and travels down slope, it is referred to as a landslide.
03:57It is also called a landslip or a mudslide.
04:01Landslides can be caused by a number of reasons.
04:04It could be either natural causes like volcanic eruptions, soil erosion and sometimes heavy rainfall increases the wrath of landslides.
04:17Even human activities like mining, cutting trees increase the fragility of land and make it more prone to landslides.
04:29One of the most prevalent reasons is gravity.
04:33Well, whatever is up has to fall down due to gravity, isn't it?
04:40Landslides can either move very slowly like some millimeters per year or it could be disastrously fast.
04:49Sometimes more than 100 miles per hour.
04:54But if you're living on a flat land with no hills or mountains, then you're safe.
05:01But if you're living somewhere between mountains and on a hilly terrain, then my friends, you might be at risk.
05:09But don't worry!
05:11You could always prepare with some simple steps.
05:15Avoid building houses near steep slopes.
05:18Or at the edges of mountains.
05:21Stay away from drainage paths because water flow increases the speed of landslides.
05:29Landslides do not only happen on Earth.
05:32Many scientists believe that planets like Mercury, Mars and Venus have had landslides too.
05:41Woah! Looks like friends, I'm not even safe here!
05:46Trivia time!
05:48Landslides can happen underwater too.
05:51And they are called Submarine Landslides.
05:55The Heart Mountain Landslide is the largest landslide ever recorded that has happened 50 million years ago.
06:04So friends, what are the other two names for landslides?
06:10Post it right below in the comment section.
06:13And wait for more fun facts!
06:16This is me zooming out!
06:19What's wrong with the water today?
06:24One day of no water can be so troublesome, isn't it?
06:28But, can you imagine living for a week without adequate water supply?
06:33That's what happens in a drought.
06:36And this is what we'll be talking about today.
06:39Come on!
06:40Zoom in!
06:41Droughts are usually defined as extended periods of time with less than average rainfall, causing a water shortage on the surface, in the atmosphere or in the ground water levels.
06:56It truly becomes a disaster when it begins to affect crops and the lives of people and animals alike.
07:05Droughts can lead to the destruction of crops, erosion of soil, severe shortage of water supply, etc.
07:14Droughts can be classified into four different types.
07:19These are meteorological drought.
07:22This kind of drought is specific to different regions based on the weather.
07:28For example, 20 inches of rainfall in a year is normal for place A.
07:35But the same amount could be very less to place B.
07:39Agricultural drought.
07:42This accounts for the water needs of crops and agriculture.
07:47For instance, not enough water at planting may cause low yields, leading to low plant populations.
07:58Hydrological drought refers to continuous low water volumes in streams, rivers and reservoirs.
08:07Human activities can worsen hydrological droughts.
08:11Hydrological drought is often linked with meteorological droughts.
08:18Socio-economic drought.
08:20This occurs when the demand for water exceeds the supply.
08:25Examples of this could be when a state requires a lot more water than is produced from hydroelectric stations or underground wells.
08:36Now that you know about what droughts are, let me tell you some tips on how to survive them.
08:45The one major rule you must keep in mind is save water.
08:51So here are some tips for saving water during a drought.
08:56Fill the washing machine and dishwasher to full before starting them.
09:02Wash fruits and vegetables in a bowl of water instead of under running water.
09:09Don't leave the water running while washing your face or brushing your teeth.
09:15Take smaller showers or if you use a bathtub fill it only half way.
09:22And most importantly, recycle.
09:26Don't waste water that can be reused somewhere else.
09:31Such as to water plants or cleaning.
09:35Trivia time!
09:36Only 0.3% of water on earth is fresh water available for human consumption.
09:46A once thriving settlement by the Pueblo people in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico was abandoned in the 13th century due to a 60 year mega drought.
09:58Well friends, now you know what droughts are and how to prepare and survive through them.
10:06For more fun facts, tune in next time.
10:09Till then, this is me, Zooming out.
10:13Hello, it's quite windy today.
10:21So I thought I'll take a quick flight.
10:26It sure is windy.
10:30Oh no, it's a storm.
10:33You mean hurricane.
10:35Hurricane, storm, whatever, just run.
10:38You mean fly.
10:40Oh forget it.
10:41Just come Dr. Binocs.
10:43Oh, okay.
10:44Well that reminds me that today's topic is hurricane.
10:49Zoom in.
10:51Whoa!
10:53A hurricane is a huge storm that generally forms over warm ocean waters near the equator.
11:01The warm air above the ocean rises upward, thus creating an area of low pressure below.
11:07Air from the surrounding areas push in and try to fill the area with low air pressure.
11:15Which now becomes warm and moist and rises too.
11:20As the moist air rises, the surrounding air again tries to fill in.
11:25And this process continues till the water in the air forms clouds.
11:32Soon the clouds and winds spin around, fueled by the ocean's heat and water vapor.
11:39Therefore, hurricanes could also be called giant engines that use warm and moist air as their fuel.
11:48When we see from the top, hurricanes can be as huge as 300 miles wide.
11:54The center of the hurricane is called the eye of the hurricane, which is the calmest part.
12:03The eye wall surrounds the eye, where the most damaging winds are found.
12:07It can range anywhere from 5 to 30 miles.
12:14Then comes the rain bands which surround the eye wall.
12:18These bands are a series of dense clouds that give a pinwheel like appearance to the hurricane.
12:25Which range from 50 to 300 miles.
12:29Hurricanes are divided into 5 categories, depending on the speed of their wind.
12:37Here, take a look.
12:39Category 3, 4 and 5 are the most dangerous ones.
12:46Trivia time!
12:49A huge hurricane can release energy equivalent to 10 atomic bombs per second.
12:55Hurricanes in the pacific ocean are known as typhoons.
13:02Woah! So this is me zooming out.
13:06Tune in next time for more fun facts.
13:09Bye!
13:19You are laughing right?
13:20Watching me tumble like that?
13:22Are you?
13:23Oh no no, go ahead.
13:29But hey, do you know what just happened?
13:33Woah!
13:35There we go again!
13:38Well, this is nothing but an earthquake.
13:42A small one indeed.
13:44Come, let me tell you about earthquakes today.
13:48Zoom in!
13:50The surface of the earth is like a jigsaw puzzle.
13:54Yes, it's not a single piece of land, but approximately 20 pieces of a puzzle that constantly move.
14:02But you don't feel it because they move quite slowly.
14:07Each one of those puzzle pieces are called tectonic plates.
14:11So, whenever those plates hit, bump or slide past another plate, an earthquake is caused.
14:21The surface where these plates slip is called the fault or the fault plane.
14:28So, when do you think it happens?
14:31Well, it happens all the time.
14:35But hey, don't be scared.
14:38Most of the times, we don't feel the quakes as they are too small to reach us.
14:44But sometimes, they are so strong that they can be felt over a thousand miles away.
14:51The place where the earthquake originates is called the hypocenter.
14:57And the place where it occurs on the earth's surface is called the epicenter.
15:03There are three types of earthquakes.
15:06Convergent boundary.
15:07Here, one plate is forced over another during an earthquake, which causes a thrust fault.
15:17Many hills and mountains have been formed due to the convergent boundary.
15:22Divergent boundary.
15:25Here, plates are drifted apart from each other, forming a rift zone.
15:31This kind gives birth to new ocean flows.
15:35Transform fault.
15:37Here, the plates slip by each other.
15:40And this is also called strike-slip.
15:44So, earthquakes are nothing but the shaking, rolling or a sudden shock of the earth's surface.
15:54Now you know that whenever the earth is stressed or angry, it shakes and grumbles.
16:03Don't be scared.
16:05I was just kidding.
16:07Trivia time!
16:09The instrument used by scientists to measure the intensity of earthquake is known as a seismograph.
16:15A tsunami is caused when earthquakes occur under water.
16:21Whoa! Whoa! Whoa!
16:24Yikes!
16:26I need to rush before I tumble again.
16:29So this is me zooming out.
16:31Tune in next time for more fun facts.
16:33Hey!
16:34Hello friends!
16:35Oh no!
16:36I guess that's a tsunami.
16:37Hey! Hello friends!
16:44Oh no! I guess that's a Tsunami!
16:49Come, let me tell you all about it.
16:53Zoom in!
16:55Tsunamis are caused by sudden movements of the ocean floor due to earthquakes.
17:01Landslides on the sea floor.
17:04Land slumping into the ocean.
17:07Large volcanic eruptions or a meteorite crash on the ocean floor.
17:15When an earthquake, a landslide or a volcanic eruption occurs on the sea or ocean bed,
17:24a vertical jolt is created which displaces the bed and causes extreme tension in water.
17:31The water is pushed upwards but gravity tries to pull it down.
17:37This causes an upsurge in the water levels and the waves start moving away from the point of tension.
17:46Tsunamis are barely felt as a ripple on the ocean surface as the water is quite deep.
17:53But as and when those waves reach the land, the water becomes shallower and the waves constantly increase in height.
18:04They hit the shore and oh my!
18:08Caused a lot of destruction.
18:10It is said the first wave of a tsunami is not the strongest.
18:17But the successive waves are bigger and stronger.
18:20And tsunamis can travel at a speed of about 500 miles per hour.
18:29Which is almost as fast as a jet plane.
18:32And that's why tsunami waves are called killer waves.
18:37Deadly isn't it?
18:40Trivia time!
18:42Did you know that a tsunami wave can be less than 30 cm in height and can pass off unnoticed?
18:50If you get stuck in a tsunami, don't swim.
18:53Because the currents will pull you in the opposite direction.
18:57Just hold on to a floating object and be safe.
19:00So, here's the deal.
19:02Go watch this video to know more about earthquakes.
19:06After all, that's one of the major causes of a tsunami.
19:11This is me zooming out.
19:14Tune in next time for more fun facts.
19:22Oh, hello friends.
19:24Oh!
19:29Are you wondering what this is?
19:32Well, it's the molten lava that comes out from a volcano.
19:38Come, let me tell you what a volcano is.
19:42Zoom in!
19:44I'm sure you've seen mountains that open up and blurt out thick molten semi-solid like substance.
19:52Well, that's called a volcano.
19:55Let's learn more about it.
19:58A volcano is a vent or chimney that connects magma from within the Earth's crust to the Earth's surface.
20:07The liquid rock is called magma when it is under the Earth's surface and lava after it comes out.
20:15So, how does a volcano erupt?
20:22The molten rock stored in the magma chamber rises through the crater pipe pockets.
20:29As it travels up the main vent, gases expand and water becomes steam, creating pressure.
20:35When the pressure can no longer be contained, the volcano erupts through the crater and secondary side vents.
20:44Common volcanic gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen sulfide.
20:57Popular belief is that volcanoes are large cone-shaped mountains, but that's not true.
21:03There are many more types of volcanoes, such as white plateaus, fissure vents and bulging dome shapes.
21:13There are also volcanoes found on the ocean floor and even under ice caps, such as those found in Iceland.
21:23Trivia time!
21:25The word volcano originally comes from the name of the Roman god of fire, Vulcan.
21:31The tallest volcano in the solar system isn't on Earth at all, but on Mars.
21:42So, tune in next time for some more fun-filled facts.
