- aujourd’hui
Plongez au cœur de l’URSS avec notre documentaire « Joseph Staline – L’Homme d’Acier ». De ses origines modestes à Gori (1878) jusqu’à la Grande Terreur des années 1930, suivez pas à pas l’itinéraire d’un séminariste devenu l’un des dictateurs les plus redoutés de l’Histoire.
➡️ Chapitres :
00:00 – Intro : “Joseph Staline – L’Homme d’Acier”
00:40 – Une enfance dans l’ombre (1878–1899)
03:52 – L’ascension révolutionnaire (1899–1917)
06:43 – La conquête du pouvoir (1917–1924)
09:18 – L’élimination des rivaux (1924–1929)
11:36 – La terreur silencieuse (1929–1933)
13:45 – Le culte du chef et la Grande Terreur (1934–1939)
16:33 – Conclusion : “Staline, la naissance d’un tyran”
🔍 Ce que vous allez découvrir :
Les premiers engagements de Staline dans la clandestinité bolchevique
Sa stratégie pour éliminer Trotski, Kamenev, Zinoviev
La collectivisation forcée et son lourd bilan humain
Les mécanismes de la propagande et des purges
Et surtout, l’empreinte durable d’un régime de fer
👍 Pensez à liker la vidéo, à vous abonner pour plus de portraits historiques et à activer la cloche pour ne rien manquer !
✍️ Partagez vos impressions et vos questions en commentaire !
#Staline #Histoire #URSS #Dictateur #Bolcheviks #RévolutionRusse #Totalitarisme #GrandTerror #HommeDAcier #PouvoirEtHistoire #DocumentaireHistorique
➡️ Chapitres :
00:00 – Intro : “Joseph Staline – L’Homme d’Acier”
00:40 – Une enfance dans l’ombre (1878–1899)
03:52 – L’ascension révolutionnaire (1899–1917)
06:43 – La conquête du pouvoir (1917–1924)
09:18 – L’élimination des rivaux (1924–1929)
11:36 – La terreur silencieuse (1929–1933)
13:45 – Le culte du chef et la Grande Terreur (1934–1939)
16:33 – Conclusion : “Staline, la naissance d’un tyran”
🔍 Ce que vous allez découvrir :
Les premiers engagements de Staline dans la clandestinité bolchevique
Sa stratégie pour éliminer Trotski, Kamenev, Zinoviev
La collectivisation forcée et son lourd bilan humain
Les mécanismes de la propagande et des purges
Et surtout, l’empreinte durable d’un régime de fer
👍 Pensez à liker la vidéo, à vous abonner pour plus de portraits historiques et à activer la cloche pour ne rien manquer !
✍️ Partagez vos impressions et vos questions en commentaire !
#Staline #Histoire #URSS #Dictateur #Bolcheviks #RévolutionRusse #Totalitarisme #GrandTerror #HommeDAcier #PouvoirEtHistoire #DocumentaireHistorique
Catégorie
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ÉducationTranscription
00:00This is the story of a man who ruled an empire, of a shoemaker's son who became an absolute dictator.
00:06He attacked one-sixth of the planet, built industry at breakneck speed, defeated Hitler and sent millions of his own citizens to their deaths.
00:14His name was Yosif Vissaryonovich Dzhugashvili, but the world knows him by another name: Stalin, the Man of Steel.
00:22A hero to some, a monster to others, Stalin is one of the darkest and most fascinating figures of the 20th century.
00:28But before the purges, before the camps, before the giant statues, there was a child.
00:33A boy born into poverty, marked by illness, violence and rejection.
00:38To understand the tyrant, you must first know the child.
00:41Yossif Vissaryonovich Dzhugashvili was born on December 18, 1878, in Gori, a small landlocked town in Georgia, then a peripheral province of the Russian Empire.
00:52The Caucasus is a rebellious, poor region, rife with ethnic and political tensions.
00:57Yossif is the third child of Vissaryon Dzhugashvili, a tough and brutal shoemaker, and Ekaterina Geladz, a pious and devoted peasant woman.
01:07And Joseph's two older brothers died in infancy, he is the only survivor.
01:11Vissaryon sinks into alcoholism, beats his wife, beats his son.
01:16The crises are violent and frequent.
01:18Joseph, from childhood, discovered fear, humiliation and silence.
01:22His mother, Kéké, as she is nicknamed, remains a protective figure.
01:28She is illiterate, but ambitious for her son.
01:31She wants him to become a priest, to escape poverty.
01:34One day, to create yet another violent scene, she leaves Vissaryon and moves in alone with Joseph.
01:40The father died a few years later in the street, drunk, forgotten by everyone.
01:45At the age of 5, Joseph contracted smallpox, a disease that left his face with deep scars.
01:52At school, the children reject him.
01:54He is nicknamed the poc-marc, the little scarred one.
01:58One day, a carriage accident left his left arm seriously injured.
02:03It will remain atrophied, shorter than the right one.
02:05Joseph would never be selected for military service later.
02:10Two physical marks, two visible stigmata.
02:12They will fuel in him a hatred of rejection and an almost pathological desire for revenge.
02:18Despite everything, Joseph is an excellent student.
02:21He was noted for his intelligence, his memory and his mastery of Georgian and Russian.
02:27Thanks to a local patron, he entered the Tiflis theological seminary in 1894.
02:33He was 16 years old at the time.
02:34In this austere seminary, the future Orthodox priests of the Empire are trained.
02:38Obedience, faith, and respect for tsarist authority are taught there.
02:44But Joseph resists.
02:47He rejects religion.
02:48He rebels against the authority of the priests.
02:51And above all, he reads.
02:53In secret, he discovered the writings of Marx, Engels, Darwin.
02:58He immerses himself in the ideas of revolution, class struggle, historical materialism.
03:03He also devours Hugo, Zola, Nietzsche, Plato.
03:07The intellectual world opens up to him.
03:10He joined an underground Marxist reading circle.
03:13He began writing poems in Georgian under the pseudonym Sosso.
03:17Some of his poems will be published in the local press.
03:20In 1899, he was dismissed from the seminary, officially for absenteeism.
03:24But in reality, he is already a political agitator.
03:28At the age of 20, he turned his back on religion for good.
03:31He found a job at the Tiflis Observatory.
03:34But it's a pretext. Very quickly, he goes underground.
03:38He joined the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party.
03:41He becomes a revolutionary.
03:43He abandons his birth name.
03:45Now he wants to be called "Stalin."
03:48He would coin this name later.
03:50It means "man of steel."
03:521899. Joseph is 20 years old.
03:55Dismissed from the seminary, he left behind the Orthodox crosses to embrace another cult, that of the Revolution.
04:03In Tiflis, he frequented underground Marxist circles.
04:06Imperial Russia is a volcano ready to explode.
04:10Poverty reigns.
04:11Tsar Nicholas II is increasingly contested.
04:14And a certain Vladimir Lenin emerges as the leading figure of revolutionary socialism.
04:20Joseph Djugashvili became a propagandist, strike organizer, and leaflet distributor.
04:26He is making a name for himself among activists.
04:28Koba, a pseudonym inspired by a fierce and ruthless Georgian rebel hero.
04:34This name says it all.
04:35Koba is not a dreamy intellectual.
04:37He is a man of action.
04:38He recruits, he organizes, he sabotages.
04:41He robs banks to finance the Bolshevik cause.
04:44In 1902 he was arrested for the first time.
04:47He will spend almost 8 years of his life in exile or in prison,
04:51between Siberia, frozen taiga and lost villages.
04:54But Joseph is not easy to lock up.
04:57He escapes several times, changes his identity, travels by train, on foot, on horseback.
05:02His face became familiar to the services of the Ocrana, the Tsar's secret police.
05:07During these years he quietly rose through the ranks of the Social Democratic Workers' Party,
05:12soon split into two factions, the moderate Mensheviks and Lenin's Bolsheviks,
05:18supporters of an immediate and radical revolution.
05:21Stalin chose his side, that of Lenin, not out of pure ideology, but out of an intuition of power.
05:27He is discreet, not very talkative, but efficient.
05:30He impressed Lenin with his loyalty, his tenacity, his ability to blend into the shadows.
05:35and to accomplish the toughest tasks.
05:38In 1912, Lenin appointed him to the party's central committee.
05:42Stalin takes on a new pseudonym, a nom de guerre intended to make an impression.
05:47Stalin, the man of steel.
05:49The First World War breaks out.
05:51Russia is sinking into chaos.
05:53Famine, military defeat, riot.
05:55In February 1917, the Tsarist regime collapsed.
05:59Nicholas II abdicates, a spontaneous, popular, but still disorganized revolution.
06:05Stalin returns to Petrograd.
06:07He's not at the top yet, but he's there, in the right camp, at the right time.
06:12In October 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power.
06:16A coup d'état, an earthquake.
06:18Imperial Russia is dying and the Soviet Union is in the making.
06:22Stalin was appointed People's Commissar for Nationalities.
06:25A seemingly modest position, but strategic.
06:28It gives him access to all the republics of the Old Kingdom and especially to their political network.
06:34In less than 20 years, Joseph Djugashvili went from dismissed seminarian to underground revolutionary,
06:40then to a member of the heart of Soviet power.
06:43The Bolsheviks took power by force.
06:46Imperial Russia has collapsed.
06:48A civil war is looming.
06:49And in Lenin's shadow, a man watches, learns, waits for his moment.
06:54Joseph Stalin.
06:56From 1918 to 1921, the Russian Civil War raged.
07:00The Red Army, led by Trotsky, confronts the counter-revolutionary forces,
07:05the White armies, supported by the Western powers.
07:09Stalin participated in several military campaigns.
07:12In Tsaritsyn he already shows his brutality.
07:14He had officers suspected of treason executed,
07:18circumvents Trotsky's orders and acts according to his own logic.
07:22Tsaritsyn would later be renamed Stalingrad.
07:26Tensions are rising within the party.
07:29Trotsky, brilliant orator and architect of military victory,
07:33is seen as the natural successor to Lenin.
07:36But Stalin, more discreet, weaves his web.
07:39In 1922 he was appointed to the key post of General Secretary of the Communist Party.
07:43An administrative role in appearance.
07:46But he controls appointments, files, internal networks.
07:51He built his own power base, patiently, bureaucratically.
07:55He knows that Lenin's succession is approaching.
07:58In May 1922, Lenin suffered his first stroke.
08:03He gradually loses the ability to speak.
08:05Real power is slipping into the hands of his collaborators.
08:09And among them, Stalin is the most active.
08:11But Lenin begins to worry.
08:13In his political testament, written in December 1922, he expressed clear reservations.
08:20"Stalin is too brutal. We must consider replacing him."
08:24Trotsky could have acted. But he hesitated.
08:27He still believes he can win politically.
08:29He does not see that Stalin is already acting in the shadows.
08:32In 1923, Stalin formed a trio of tactical alliances with Zinoviev and Kamenev.
08:39Together, he marginalizes Trotsky.
08:42Lenin died on January 21, 1924.
08:45The father of the revolution is hailed by millions of Russians.
08:48But his last wishes, which recommended removing Stalin, were never made public.
08:54"Stalin orchestrates the funeral. He is in the front row. He seizes Lenin's image.
09:00He becomes his natural heir.
09:02The party, still in mourning, lets him do it.
09:06In 1924, Joseph Stalin was not yet dictator.
09:10But it is already unavoidable.
09:12He holds the party reins, controls nominations, manipulates alliances,
09:17eliminates his rivals one by one.
09:18Joseph Stalin would prove to be one of the most ruthless strategists in political history.
09:23First objective: neutralize Leon Trotsky, the main enemy.
09:27Brilliant, charismatic, leader of the Red Army, he is seen as the legitimate successor to Lenin.
09:33But Stalin plays as a team.
09:35He allied himself with Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, two influential old Bolsheviks.
09:40Together, they accuse Trotsky of factionalism, of wanting to impose a personal dictatorship.
09:45In 1925, Trotsky was dismissed from his military duties.
09:49In 1926 he was expelled from the Politburo.
09:53In 1927 he was expelled from the party.
09:55Stalin uses a formidable tool: the party itself.
09:59As secretary general, he appoints thousands of loyal executives.
10:03He controls the device.
10:05Party congresses become courts.
10:07The opposition is accused of deviationism, of betrayal of Lenin.
10:11The truth is rewritten, memory manipulated.
10:13With Trotsky out of the picture, Stalin turned against his former allies, Zinoviev and Kamenev.
10:20In 1926, he joined forces with another leader, Nikolai Bukharin, a supporter of the New Economic Policy, NEP.
10:28Zinoviev and Kamenev are accused of forming a united opposition with Trotsky.
10:33In 1927, they too were expelled from the party.
10:36The revolutionary trio of 1917 was silenced.
10:40The Man of Steel struck without firing a single bullet.
10:42By 1928, Stalin was now the sole master of the party.
10:46He holds absolute power without yet having the title.
10:50But he still has one last rival, Bukharin.
10:53Together, they defended the NEP, which allowed for small-scale agricultural capitalism.
10:58But Stalin changes course.
11:00He launches a brutal slogan.
11:02We must catch up and overtake the West, or we will be crushed.
11:06He advocates forced industrialization and the collectivization of the countryside.
11:09Bukharin opposes.
11:11Too late.
11:12In 1929 he was expelled from the Politburo.
11:16Discredited, isolated.
11:17The NEP is dead.
11:19The party is now a machine totally controlled by Stalin.
11:22His rivals are dead, exiled or silenced.
11:26Joseph Stalin won.
11:28Without an election, without a coup, without an official title.
11:31He took complete control of the Soviet Union.
11:34There is no one left to face him.
11:36Joseph Stalin is now alone at the top.
11:39Barely five years after Lenin's death, he crushed all opposition.
11:43But he doesn't just want to control the party.
11:45He wants to transform an entire country.
11:47From a backward peasant empire, he dreams of making an industrial superpower.
11:51At the end of 1928, Stalin launched the first five-year plan.
11:55In five years, the USSR must make up for a century of delay on the Western powers.
12:00The objective is clear: to produce steel, coal, cement, and electricity.
12:06And to feed the industrial cities, the countryside must be forcibly reorganized.
12:11From 1929, Stalin ordered the collectivization of agriculture.
12:16Land, livestock, tools, everything must belong to the state.
12:20Millions of peasants were forced to join the colchoses, the collective farms.
12:25Those who resist are labeled enemies of the people.
12:28The most reluctant are the kulaks, these supposedly rich peasants.
12:32In reality, they are often barely better off than others.
12:36But in Stalinist propaganda, they become scapegoats.
12:39Between 1930 and 1932, more than 1.8 million kulaks were arrested, deported or executed.
12:46Tens of thousands died on the way to Siberia or in labor camps.
12:51And with them, traditional agricultural know-how disappears.
12:54In 1932, disaster struck.
12:57Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and southern Russia are plunged into a famine of apocalyptic proportions.
13:03Stalin demands impossible quotas.
13:05The Red Army confiscates crops, blocks roads, and starves villages.
13:10Those who hide a bag of wheat are executed.
13:12In 1933, between 4 and 6 million people died of hunger.
13:17In Ukraine, we speak of the Holodomor, literally extermination by starvation.
13:21The world sees nothing or does not want to see anything.
13:24Embassies are controlled, journalists are monitored, figures are rigged.
13:28Inside the country, any complaint is a crime.
13:31Even talking about famine becomes treason.
13:33Stalin does not back down.
13:35For him, this sacrifice is necessary.
13:37The industry is progressing.
13:39Factories are multiplying.
13:40Moscow's skyscrapers rise.
13:42Millions of deaths for a bright future promised by history.
13:45It's the mid-1930s.
13:48The Soviet Union became an industrial power.
13:51Moscow stands as the showcase of a new world.
13:54And at the center of this world, a man.
13:57Joseph Stalin is no longer just a leader.
13:59He has become a symbol, an icon, a living myth.
14:03The father of the people.
14:06The cult of personality has reached its peak.
14:08In schools, children learn to read with poems dedicated to Stalin.
14:12His portraits adorn every house, every factory, every newspaper.
14:17He is the infallible guide, the friend of Lenin, the savior of the fatherland.
14:22An omniscient, infallible, almost divine man.
14:26But behind the official smiles, fear lurks.
14:29For Stalin tolerates no doubt, no rival, no memory of independence.
14:34On December 1, 1934, an event would precipitate everything.
14:39Sergei Kirov, a party loyalist and close to Stalin,
14:42is assassinated in Leningrad.
14:44The perfect excuse.
14:45Stalin blames the enemies within.
14:48Then began the largest political purge in Soviet history.
14:52The great terror.
14:53Between 1936 and 1938,
14:56Three major public trials are being held in Moscow.
14:59The old Bolsheviks,
15:00Zinoviev, Kamenev,
15:02Bukharin,
15:03are accused of plotting with the Nazis,
15:06of wanting to kill Stalin,
15:07to betray the revolution.
15:09Confessions are obtained through torture.
15:10Pressures on their families
15:12or the promise of prompt execution.
15:15All are condemned.
15:16All are executed.
15:18Terror does not stop with yesterday's enemies.
15:20She hits the military,
15:22scientists,
15:23the writers,
15:24diplomats,
15:25even NKVD agents,
15:27the political police.
15:29Marshal Tukhachevsky,
15:30civil war hero,
15:32was shot in 1937.
15:3490% of the Red Army generals
15:36are executed.
15:37The prisons are overflowing.
15:39Executions number in the tens of thousands.
15:42The Soviet people
15:43enters a state of permanent paranoia.
15:46A simple joke,
15:47one silence too many,
15:48a suspicious friendship,
15:50are enough to make you
15:51an enemy of the people.
15:53Everyone can be denounced.
15:54Anyone can disappear.
15:56No one is safe.
15:57According to Soviet archives,
15:59between 1937 and 1938,
16:02more than 1.5 million people
16:04are arrested.
16:04At least 700,000 are executed.
16:07Millions more are sent
16:09in the gulags,
16:10labor camps,
16:11often for life.
16:12Stalin now rules by fear.
16:15He wiped out his enemies,
16:16rewrites history,
16:18terrorized his people.
16:19The party no longer speaks
16:20that with one voice,
16:21his own.
16:22And while the purges
16:23ravage the interior,
16:25the outside world is changing.
16:26Europe is sinking into war.
16:28Hitler threatens,
16:29alliances are broken,
16:31totalitarianisms
16:32look at each other like china dogs.
16:33This is the story of a man
16:35who wanted to control everything.
16:37A broken child
16:37became master of an empire.
16:39A revolutionary
16:40became dictator.
16:42Jose Stalin did not simply
16:43took power,
16:45He redefined fear.
16:46By violence,
16:47propaganda
16:48and terror,
16:49he shaped a people
16:50in his image.
16:51Silent,
16:52enduring,
16:53obedient.
16:54He sacrificed millions of lives
16:55in the name of progress.
16:57Erased his enemies,
16:58erased the facts,
17:00erased the truth.
17:01At the end of the 1930s,
17:03the Soviet Union is transformed,
17:05industrialized,
17:06centralized,
17:07terrified.
17:07And Stalin is alone,
17:09untouchable,
17:10unassailable,
17:12inevitable.
17:12But history has not said its last word.
17:15A world war is brewing.
17:16And soon,
17:17Stalin will face
17:18to an even more dangerous enemy
17:20than all those he executed.
17:22Adolf Hitler.
17:23In the next part
17:23of our documentary,
17:25discover how Stalin,
17:26caught in the gears of war,
17:28will have to risk everything
17:29to save what he built
17:31and become in spite of himself
17:32Hitler's victor.
17:34To be continued in episode 2.
17:36Thanks for watching
17:37this video to the end.
17:38If you enjoyed
17:39this documentary,
17:40don't hesitate to like,
17:42comment and share
17:43to support the project.
17:44Subscribe to the channel
17:45Power and History
17:46so you don't miss anything
17:47of the next episodes.
17:49And above all,
17:50remember,
17:51to understand our present,
17:52we must face it
17:53the shadows of our past.
17:58Thanks for watching this video!
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