آیا اتحادیه اروپا می‌تواند قوانین مشترکی برای محدود کردن اهدای اسپرم و تخمک وضع کند ؟

euronews (بزبان فارسی)

آیا اتحادیه اروپا می‌تواند قوانین مشترکی برای محدود کردن اهدای اسپرم و تخمک وضع کند ؟  تولد نوزادان از طریق اهدای اسپرم در اروپا رو به افزایش است، اما جنجال‌های اخیر در مورد به اصطلاح "اهداکنندگان فوق‌العاده" باعث شده است که چندین کشور اتحادیه اروپا خواستار وضع مقررات روشن و محدودیت‌های بین‌المللی در مورد اهدای اسپرم و تخمک شوند.  لب بیشتر : http://parsi.euronews.com/2025/07/15/can-the-eu-introduce-common-rules-to-restrict-sperm-and-egg-donations  مشترک شوید: یورونیوز به یازده زبان دیگر در دسترس شماست

Transcript

00:00Donor-conceived births are on the rise in Europe, and it's a cross-border business.

00:19Experts say it's because people want children when they're older, without a partner, and in same-sex couples.

00:26But recent controversies surrounding so-called super-donors have led some EU countries to call for common rules.

00:34We look at the medical and ethical challenges in this episode of EU Decoded.

00:39Each EU country sets a maximum number of children born from a single donor.

00:45This can range from 1 in Cyprus to 15 in Germany.

00:50Some member states prefer to limit the number of families that can use the same donor.

00:55Sweden and Belgium limit this to 6, but Denmark allows up to 12 families.

01:02There is no limit for international donations, however.

01:05There are commercial cryobanks that set voluntary limits, but as many as 75 children have been conceived by the same donor.

01:12These super-donors increase the risk of unwitting incest and the spread of genetic abnormalities.

01:20There is also concern about the psychological harm to children who could find out later in life that they have dozens of half-siblings.

01:29We asked Europeans if they shared these concerns.

01:32But it's good if you know who the person is, because you don't know what the other person brings.

01:38Charakterzüge, mental things, everything.

01:41For me, it's already an ethical question.

01:43What do people do with their herbivores?

01:46It's actually going to leave their life.

01:50And so I personally think that this is a art of medicine, but it's nothing that I advise.

02:01I think that, like all of the important aspects, it should be regulated in the best way possible, in a clear way.

02:09I think that it should be more regulated, in short, and that there is more information, especially in schools,

02:16since in Italy there is no point of talking about this.

02:19Euronews' reporter Amandine Hess is here with me now to help us delve deeper into this issue.

02:25Amandine, we've had reports recently of some very controversial cases of sperm donors, particularly in Europe.

02:33Tell us more about some of these cases.

02:35Well, a few weeks ago it has been reported that a Danish donor who was unknowingly carrying a rare genetic mutation

02:41that increases the risk of cancer had helped conceive at least 67 children in Europe,

02:47and 10 of them have been diagnosed with cancer.

02:50And then there is the issue of super donors, who help conceive dozens or even hundreds of children.

02:56And it raises concerns because it increases the risk of consanguineous relationships among donor-conceived individuals.

03:03And finally, 50% of egg donation treatments take place in Spain because it has more liberal assisted reproduction laws.

03:12So patients travel there for treatments.

03:14But there are some questions on the ethical implication of commercialised egg donation.

03:20There's also the question of anonymity of these donors.

03:23Tell us what the situation is on that across the European Union.

03:26And what are some of the ethical questions that arise from this?

03:30For instance, sperm donation is anonymous in Italy, but it's not the case in the Netherlands.

03:35And in some countries such as Austria, it's semi-anonymous,

03:38which means that sperm donation is anonymous only between the donor and the recipients.

03:43Now, because of DNA testing and social media, donors' anonymity can no longer be 100% guaranteed.

03:52So it's more and more common that children can get in touch with their half-siblings or their donor

03:57and can be challenging for them, but also for their families.

04:02Finally, we know that there's an increasing concern among many EU countries

04:07and that they're trying to propose solutions to this.

04:10What are some of the options on the table right now?

04:12Some member states limit the number of children per donor.

04:17Others prefer to limit the number of families per donor to allow them to have biological siblings,

04:22but there is no international limitations.

04:26So some commercialised sperm banks have their own voluntary limits,

04:30such as 75 families per donor, but others have not.

04:34So it's not uncommon that some children have more than 100 have siblings.

04:39So this is the kind of situation that this proposal would prevent.

04:43The human body and its parts cannot generate financial profit, according to the Obiedo Convention.

04:49Commercial cryobanks earn revenues based on services related to the handling, freezing and storage of sperm and eggs,

04:57as well as through tests to screen potential donors.

05:01Some companies have online catalogs that disclose basic donor details,

05:05such as ethnicity, eye and hair color, height, weight and occupation.

05:11Clients can pay a higher fee to access more complete profiles.

05:15Our invitation is Elena Nevado del Campo,

05:19eurodiputada of the EU and member of the European Commission of the Public Health Council.

05:24What point can the EU establishments for these donations,

05:31since health is, above all, a question of national jurisdiction?

05:34Tenemos un reglamento que se aprobó recientemente, en el 2024,

05:41sobre normas de calidad y seguridad de sustancias de origen humano

05:47destinadas a la aplicación precisamente en el ser humano.

05:51Y ese reglamento, que es de obligado cumplimiento para todos los Estados miembros,

05:56también recoge la donación y el esperma y los ovocitos para la reproducción humana.

06:03Por lo tanto, yo sí que creo que podemos establecer un marco más global

06:08con la prudencia que la propia Comisión Europea,

06:12a través de doña Sandra Galina, ha señalado.

06:15¿Ve usted útil la creación de registros nacionales

06:19que contribuían luego a un registro central europeo para donaciones transfronterizas?

06:26Muchas leyes a nivel nacional ya prevén el establecimiento de estos registros,

06:32pero realmente muchos no se han puesto en marcha.

06:37Iría más allá, casi que por una cuestión de ética,

06:42deberían establecerse registros de carácter internacional,

06:46puesto que estas donaciones traspasan las fronteras también de la propia Unión Europea.

06:52Las empresas que recolectan y comercializan esperma y óvulos

06:56afirman que faltan donantes.

06:58¿Cuál podría ser el impacto de establecer nuevos límites?

07:02Estamos hablando de la protección de la infancia

07:06y el derecho a saber si a través de estas respuestas,

07:11dada la baja natalidad que azota también a Europa,

07:16puede dar lugar a transmisión de algún tipo de enfermedades.

07:19Por lo tanto, frente a esta actitud de los bancos,

07:24tenemos que ir más allá y pensar que hay que establecer

07:28esas medidas de calidad y de seguridad

07:31para proteger la salud humana y la infancia.

07:34El negocio de los bancos, el negocio de los bancos y la infancia

07:37de la infancia, probablemente continúe a avanzar.

07:39Pero las preocupaciones médicas y éticas

07:41significan que nuevas reglas necesitan y rápidas.

07:44Pero no es tan claro lo que Brasil puede hacer.

07:47Por ahora, ocho países de Europa

07:49están llamando a Brasil

07:50a considerar una capa

07:52en el número de niños que puede ser concebida

07:54de un donor.

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