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What I Learned from Studying the 100 Greatest Minds in History
100 Most Popular Scientists in the World | Greatest Minds in History
Discover the world's 100 most popular scientists, from ancient pioneers to modern innovators. These brilliant minds have changed our perspective on the universe, cured diseases, developed technologies, and expanded human knowledge. Whether you're a science lover, a student, or just curious, this video will inspire you with the lives and achievements of the greatest scientists of all time.
Featuring: Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Isaac Newton, Stephen Hawking, Galileo Galilei, Nikola Tesla, and many more.
Discover how science has shaped our world and continues to drive the future.
#Scientists #FamousScientists #ScienceHistory #Einstein #MarieCurie #STEM #Physics #Biology #Innovation #Inventions #ScienceDocumentary #EducationalVideo #Top100Scientists #ScienceLegends #GreatMinds #History #SuccessTips #Innovation #SelfImprovement What I Learned from Studying the 100 Greatest Minds in History
popular scientists, famous scientists, 100 scientists, great scientists, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Isaac Newton, Stephen Hawking, Nikola Tesla, Galileo Galilei, science legends, top scientists, history of science, science documentary, STEM education, scientific minds, science inspiration, great inventors, science video, educational video, science history, genius minds, scientists list, Nobel Prize winners, GreatMinds, History, SuccessTips, Innovation, SelfImprovement,
100 Most Popular Scientists in the World | Greatest Minds in History
Discover the world's 100 most popular scientists, from ancient pioneers to modern innovators. These brilliant minds have changed our perspective on the universe, cured diseases, developed technologies, and expanded human knowledge. Whether you're a science lover, a student, or just curious, this video will inspire you with the lives and achievements of the greatest scientists of all time.
Featuring: Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Isaac Newton, Stephen Hawking, Galileo Galilei, Nikola Tesla, and many more.
Discover how science has shaped our world and continues to drive the future.
#Scientists #FamousScientists #ScienceHistory #Einstein #MarieCurie #STEM #Physics #Biology #Innovation #Inventions #ScienceDocumentary #EducationalVideo #Top100Scientists #ScienceLegends #GreatMinds #History #SuccessTips #Innovation #SelfImprovement What I Learned from Studying the 100 Greatest Minds in History
popular scientists, famous scientists, 100 scientists, great scientists, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Isaac Newton, Stephen Hawking, Nikola Tesla, Galileo Galilei, science legends, top scientists, history of science, science documentary, STEM education, scientific minds, science inspiration, great inventors, science video, educational video, science history, genius minds, scientists list, Nobel Prize winners, GreatMinds, History, SuccessTips, Innovation, SelfImprovement,
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00:00100 Most Popular Scientists in the World, Greatest Minds in History
00:07Throughout history, science has shaped our world, driving progress, solving mysteries,
00:12and inspiring generations. Behind every discovery lies a curious mind,
00:18driven by passion, perseverance, and a desire to understand the unknown.
00:23This video celebrates the 100 most popular scientists whose contributions have left
00:28a lasting impact on humanity. Let their stories spark your curiosity, remind you of the power of
00:35knowledge, and inspire you to ask the next big question, because science begins with wonder.
00:411. Luis Alvarez, 1911-1988. The Iridium Layer, Dinosaur Death by Meteorite Impact,
00:50and Subatomic Particle Discoveries. 2. André-Marie Ampere, 1775-1836.
00:58Discovered that wires carrying electric current can attract and repel magnetically,
01:04founded Electromagnetic Theory. 3. Anaximander, circa 610 B.C.C., 546 B.C.
01:13An ancient scientific revolution, the first person in history to recognize that our planet
01:19is free in space and does not need to sit on something. 4. Mary Anning, 1799-1847.
01:26Ancient animals, fossils, and paleontology. Discovered the first complete specimen of a
01:33plesiosaur, deduced the diets of dinosaurs. 5. Archimedes, circa 287 B.C. to 12 B.C.
01:43Founded the sciences of mechanics and hydrostatics, calculated pi precisely, devised the law of
01:49exponents, created new geometrical proofs, invented numerous ingenious mechanical devices, and more.
01:576. Aristarchus, circa 310 B.C.C., 230 B.C. Promoted the idea that the Earth follows a circular orbit
02:06around the Sun 18 centuries before Nicolaus Copernicus resurrected the idea.
02:117. Aristotle, 384 B.C. to 322 B.C.
02:18A genius whose philosophical ideas are still taught but whose contributions to science retarded progress
02:24for almost two millennia. 8. Amadeo Avogadro, 1776-1856.
02:32The first scientist to realize that elements can exist in molecules rather than as individual atoms,
02:38originator of Avogadro's law. 9. Francis Bacon, 1561-1626.
02:46Shook the foundations of Aristotle's scientific influence, popularizing the scientific method,
02:52grounding science in experiments and observations rather than logic-based arguments.
02:5610. Alexander Graham Bell, 1847-1922.
03:02Inventor of the metal detector, the telephone, and the photophone, the first device to carry
03:09the human voice using light. 11. Daniel Bernoulli, 1700-1782.
03:16Discovered the Bernoulli effect explaining how aircraft wings generate lift, formulated a kinetic
03:22theory relating the phenomenon of temperature to particle speeds in gases, made major discoveries
03:27in the theory of risk. 12. Elizabeth Blackwell, 1821-1910.
03:35The first woman to qualify as a physician in America, founder of America's first medical school
03:40for women. 13. Niels Bohr, 1885-1962.
03:46He founded quantum mechanics when he remodeled the atoms so electrons occupied, allowed, orbits
03:53around the nucleus, while all other orbits were forbidden. He was the architect of the Copenhagen
03:58interpretation of quantum mechanics. 14. Rob Boyle, 1627-1691.
04:07Transformed chemistry from a field bogged down in alchemy and mysticism into one based on
04:12measurement. He defined elements, compounds, and mixtures, and he discovered the first gas
04:18law, Boyle's law. 15. Tycho Brahe, 1546-1601.
04:25Produced the best star catalog that had ever been compiled and measured the orbit of Mars
04:30with unprecedented accuracy, paving the way for Kepler's laws of planetary motion and Newton's
04:36law of gravity. 16. Brahmagupta, 597-668.
04:42Established zero as a number and defined its mathematical properties, discovered the formula
04:48for solving quadratic equations. 17. Robert Bunsen, 1811-1899.
04:55Discovered cesium and rubidium, discovered the antidote to arsenic poisoning, invented the zinc
05:01carbon battery and flash photography, revealed the secrets of geysers.
05:0618. Santiago Ramon Y. Cajal, 1852-1934.
05:13Founder of modern neuroscience, proved the neuron doctrine, which says that neurons behave as
05:18biochemically distinct cells rather than a network of interlinked cells.
05:2319. Rachel Carson, 1907-1964.
05:28A founder of 20th century environmentalism, her book Silent Spring led to a reappraisal of the
05:34effect of chemicals such as DDT on the environment, leading to bans and heavy restrictions.
05:4120. George Washington Carver, circa 1860-1943.
05:48Improved the agricultural economy of the United States by promoting nitrogen providing peanuts as
05:54an alternative crop to cotton to prevent soil depletion.
05:5821. James Chadwick, 1891-1974.
06:02Discovered the neutron and led the British scientists who worked on the Manhattan Project.
06:0922. Subramanian Chandrasekhar, 1910-1995.
06:15Discovered that massive stars can collapse under their own gravity to reach infinite density.
06:21Today we call these collapsed stars black holes.
06:2423. Erwin Chargaff, 1905-2002.
06:29Chargaff's rules paved the way to the discovery of DNA's structure.
06:3524. Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543.
06:40He started the scientific revolution with his book The Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres,
06:46explaining his belief that the solar system is centered on the sun, not on the earth.
06:5125. Jacques Cousteau, 1910-1997.
06:55Oscar-winning marine pioneer, coinvented the breathe-on-demand valve for scuba diving,
07:02popularized marine biology with several dramatic television series.
07:0726. Marie Curie, 1867-1934.
07:13Co-discovered the chemical elements radium and polonium,
07:16made numerous pioneering contributions to the study of radioactive elements,
07:20carried out the first research into the treatment of tumors with radiation.
07:2527. John Dalton, 1766-1844.
07:31Dalton's atomic theory is the basis of chemistry.
07:34He discovered Gaila-Sack's law relating gases temperature, volume, and pressure.
07:39And he discovered the law of partial gas pressures.
07:4328. Charles Darwin, 1809-1882.
07:47Authored one of the most famous books in history, On the Origin of Species,
07:52in which he described and provided evidence for the theory of evolution by natural selection.
07:5829. Democritus, circa 460, c. 370 BC.
08:05Devised an atomic theory featuring tiny particles always in motion interacting through collisions,
08:10advocated a universe containing an infinity of diverse inhabited worlds governed by natural,
08:16mechanistic laws rather than gods.
08:19Deduced that the light of stars explains the Milky Way's appearance.
08:23Discovered that a cone's volume is one-third that of the cylinder with the same base and height.
08:2830. René Descartes, 1596-1650.
08:32One of the great philosophers, advocate of skepticism in the scientific method,
08:38creator of new mathematical ideas, including the independent founding of analytical geometry.
08:45Cartesian coordinates are named in his honor.
08:4831. Frank Drake, born 1930.
08:51A founder of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence,
08:56he devised the Drake Equation to estimate the number of intelligent civilizations in our galaxy.
09:01First person to map the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
09:0532. Albert Einstein, 1879-1955.
09:11Einstein's theories of special and general relativity delivered a remarkable transformation
09:16in our understanding of light, gravity, and time,
09:19while special relativity yielded the most famous equation in history,
09:23E equals mc squared.
09:2433. Eratosthenes, circa 276 BC, circa 194 BC.
09:31Accurately calculated Earth's size 2,500 years ago,
09:36founded the science of geography, and devised the famous prime number sieve.
09:4134. Euclid, circa 325 C,
09:44270 BC.
09:47Authored Elements, the most famous and most published mathematical work in history,
09:52another great work, Optics,
09:54explained light's behavior using geometrical principles,
09:58the basis of artistic perspective, astronomical methods,
10:01and navigation methods for more than 2,000 years.
10:0535. Leonard Euler, 1707-1783.
10:11Published more mathematics than any other single mathematician,
10:14much of it groundbreaking.
10:16An astonishing fraction of the total research work in mathematics and the physical sciences
10:21between 1730 and 1780 was carried out solely by Euler.
10:2636. Michael Faraday, 1791-1867.
10:31Discovered electromagnetic induction, devised Faraday's laws of electrolysis,
10:38discovered the first experimental link between light and magnetism,
10:42carried out the first room temperature liquefaction of a gas,
10:45discovered benzene.
10:4737. Pierre de Fermat, 1607-1665.
10:52Co-founded the disciplines of analytic geometry and probability theory and was a key player in the
10:58invention of calculus.
11:00There's more to Fermat than his famous last theorem.
11:0438. Fibonacci, circa 1170C, 1245.
11:09The rebirth of Western mathematics,
11:12Fibonacci's book of calculation introduced the Indian number system,
11:16now used worldwide, to Europe.
11:1939. Ronald Fisher, 1890-1962.
11:24Invented experimental design,
11:26devised the statistical concept of variance,
11:29unified evolution by natural selection with Mendel's rules of inheritance
11:33defining the new field of population genetics.
11:3740. Alexander Fleming, 1881-1955.
11:42Discovered that treating wounds and infections with antiseptic agents
11:46caused more deaths than if no action was taken.
11:50Discovered penicillin and predicted the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
11:5541. Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790.
11:59A founding father of the USA, Franklin shaped our understanding of electricity,
12:06coined the electrical terms, positive, and, negative,
12:09and invented the lightning rod and bifocal spectacles.
12:1342. Rosalind Franklin, 1920-1958.
12:19Provided much of the experimental data used to establish the structure of DNA.
12:24Discovered that DNA can exist in two forms.
12:27Established that coal acts as a molecular sieve.
12:3143. Galen, 129c. 216.
12:37He began his medical practice as a physician to gladiators
12:40and established a link between diet and health.
12:44Galen created a flawed doctrine that dominated Western and Arab medicine for 1,500 years.
12:5144. Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642.
12:56The father of modern science, Galileo discovered the first moons ever known to orbit another planet
13:02and that the Milky Way is made of stars.
13:06He rationalized how objects are affected by gravity,
13:09stated the principle of inertia, and proposed the first theory of relativity.
13:1445. Cecilia Payne-Gapuchkin, 1900-1979.
13:19Discovered that the most abundant chemical elements in stars and hence in the universe are hydrogen and helium.
13:2746. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 1777-1855.
13:33The last master of all mathematics, Gauss revolutionized number theory and invented the method of least squares and the fast Fourier transform.
13:41His profound contributions to the physical sciences include Gauss's law and Gauss's law for magnetism.
13:4947. Sophie Germain, 1776-1831.
13:55Self-taught mathematician who pretended to be a man,
13:59developed elasticity theory and made significant progress in her personal program to prove Fermat's last theorem.
14:0548. Willard Gibbs, 1839-1903.
14:11Gibbs invented vector analysis and founded the sciences of modern statistical mechanics and chemical thermodynamics.
14:1849. Jane Goodall, born 1934.
14:21Groundbreaking discoveries in chimpanzee behavior established that chimpanzees have similar social behavior to humans,
14:29and also that they make tools and eat and hunt for meat.
14:3250. William Harvey, 1578-1657.
14:38Explained blood circulation for the first time, showing there is a complete circuit beginning and ending in the heart.
14:4451. Caroline Herschel, 1750-1848.
14:50Discovered five comets and produced an award-winning catalogue of nebulae.
14:54The brother-sister team of William and Caroline Herschel increased the number of known nebulae from about 100-2,500.
15:0352. Heinrich Hertz, 1857-1894.
15:08Discovered radio waves, proving James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism.
15:13Discovered the photoelectric effect, providing a clue to the existence of the quantum world.
15:1953. David Hilbert, 1862-1943.
15:25Famed for his 23 problems, Hilbert propelled mathematics to new heights.
15:30He replaced Euclid's axioms, dating from 2,000 years earlier, allowing the unification of 2D and 3D geometry.
15:38He created Hilbert space, now essential in advanced physical science.
15:4354. Hipparchus, circa 190 BCC, 120 BCC.
15:50One of antiquity's greatest scientists, founded the mathematical discipline of trigonometry.
15:56Measured the Earth-Moon distance accurately.
15:59Discovered the precession of the equinoxes.
16:01Documented the positions and magnitudes of over 850 stars.
16:05His combinatorics work was unequaled until 1870.
16:1055. Hippocrates, 460 BCC, 370 BCC.
16:17The father of Western medicine, systematized medical treatments, disentangling them from religion and superstitions,
16:24trained physicians, produced a large body of medical textbooks.
16:2756. The famous Hippocratic Oath binds physicians to good ethical practices.
16:3356. Robert Hooke, 1635-1703.
16:39Discovered cells and wrote one of the most significant books in scientific history, Micrographia,
16:45revealing the microscopic world for the first time.
16:48Discovered Hooke's Law in Physics.
16:49Invented the balance spring, enabling pocket watches to be made.
16:5457. Grace Hopper, 1906-1992.
17:00Pioneer of electronic computers.
17:03Invented the first compiler and was the principal architect of COBOL,
17:07the most widely used computer language of the 20th century.
17:1158. Jack Horner, born 1946.
17:16Popularizer of science.
17:18Discovered that dinosaurs cared for their young and some nested in colonies.
17:22Working on reactivating dormant dinosaur DNA to hatch a modern-day dinosaur.
17:2859. Edwin Hubble, 1889-1953.
17:34Discovered there are galaxies beyond our own.
17:37Showed we live in a universe of many galaxies, each an isolated, island universe, separated from others by immense distances.
17:45Independently discovered and popularized Hubble's law, believed by most cosmologists to indicate we live in an expanding universe.
17:5460. James Hutton, 1726-1797.
18:00He founded modern geology when he discovered how to interpret rocks.
18:04Foundour planet is very much older than previously believed and devised the principle of uniformitarianism,
18:11which says that our world was shaped by natural processes such as erosion and deposition.
18:1761. Hypatia, circa 370-415 A.D.
18:22One of the most eminent mathematicians of late classical antiquity, scholars traveled from around the classical world to learn mathematics and astronomy at her school.
18:33Hypatia's murder signaled the coming of the Dark Ages.
18:3762. Irene Joliot-Curie, 1897-1956.
18:42Cody discovered how to convert stable chemical elements into, designer, radioactive elements.
18:49These have saved millions of lives and are used in tens of millions of medical procedures every year.
18:5563. Johannes Kepler, 1571-1630.
19:00Discovered the solar system's planets follow elliptical paths.
19:04Showed that tides on the Earth are caused mainly by the Moon.
19:07Proved how logarithms work.
19:09Discovered the inverse square law of light intensity.
19:13His laws of planetary motion led Newton to his law of gravitation.
19:1864. Omar Khayyam, 1048-1131.
19:23A poet, philosopher, and scientist, Khayyam calculated the length of a year to the most accurate value ever
19:29and showed how the intersections of conic sections can be utilized to yield geometric solutions of cubic equations.
19:3565. Stephanie Kowalek, 1923-2014.
19:42Invented Kevlar, the incredibly strong plastic used in applications ranging from body armor to tennis racket strings.
19:5066. Carl Landsteiner, 1868-1943.
19:55Discovered the human blood group system, paving the way for safe blood transfusions.
20:01Discovered the Rh factor in blood.
20:04Proved polio as an infectious disease spread by a virus.
20:07Discovered Haptons.
20:0967. Antoine Lavoiset, 1743-1794.
20:15A founder of modern chemistry, he discovered oxygen's role in combustion and respiration.
20:21Discovered that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
20:25And proved that diamond and charcoal are different forms of the same element, which he named carbon.
20:3168. Henrietta Leavitt, 1868-1921.
20:35Discovered that Cepheid variable stars act as a standard candle, opening the door to measuring the distances to far-distant stars and the discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way.
20:4869. Antony van Leeuwenhoek, 1632-1723.
20:54The father of microbiology, he used remarkable self-made lenses to discover single-celled animals and plants, bacteria, and spermatozoa.
21:0370. Carolus Linnaeus, 1707-1778.
21:10Organized our view of the natural world with the two-part naming system we used to classify all lifeforms, named and classified about 13,000 lifeforms.
21:19Broke with tradition by classifying humans in the same way as other lifeforms.
21:2571. Ada Lovelace, 1815-1852.
21:29The mother of computing science, she contributed to the first published computer program and was the first person to see that computers could do more than mathematical calculations, recognizing that musical notes and letters of the alphabet could be turned into numbers for manipulation by computers.
21:4672. James Clerk Maxwell, 1831-1879.
21:51Transformed our understanding of nature, his famous equations unified the forces of electricity and magnetism, indicating that light is an electromagnetic wave.
22:03His kinetic theory established that temperature is entirely dependent on the movement of particles.
22:0973. Barbara McClintock, 1902-1992.
22:14Groundbreaking genetics, showed that genes switch the physical traits of an organism on or off, discovered chromosomal crossover, which increases genetic variation in species, discovered transposition, that genes can move about within chromosomes.
22:3174. Lees Meitner, 1878-1968.
22:36Discovered that nuclear fission can produce enormous amounts of energy, Cody's covered the phenomenon of radioactive recoil.
22:4475. Gregor Mendel, 1822-1884.
22:49Founded the science of genetics, identified many of the rules of heredity, identified recessive and dominant traits and that traits are passed from parents to offspring in a mathematically predictable way.
23:0176. Dmitry Mendeleev, 1834-1907.
23:08Discovered the periodic table in a dream.
23:11Utilized the organizing principles of the periodic table to correctly predict the existence and properties of six new chemical elements.
23:2077. Henry Mosley, 1887-1915.
23:24Proved that every element's identity is uniquely determined by its number of protons, establishing the true organizing principle of the periodic table.
23:34Correctly predicted the existence of four new chemical elements.
23:38Invented the atomic battery.
23:4078. Isaac Newton, 1643-1727.
23:45Profoundly changed our understanding of nature with his law of universal gravitation and his laws of motion.
23:52Invented calculus, the field of mathematics that dominates the physical sciences.
23:58Generalized the binomial theorem.
24:00Built the first ever reflecting telescope.
24:02And showed sunlight is made of all the colors of the rainbow.
24:0679. Florence Nightingale, 1820-1910.
24:10A health pioneer who transformed nursing into a respected, highly trained profession.
24:16Used statistics to analyze wider health outcomes.
24:20And advocated sanitary reforms largely credited with adding 20 years to life expectancy between 1871 and 1935.
24:2880. Alfred Nobel, 1833-1896.
24:34Invented dynamite, the blasting cap, gelignite, and ballistite.
24:38Grew enormously wealthy by patenting and manufacturing explosives.
24:42Used his wealth to bequeath annual prizes in science, literature, and peace.
24:4781. Emmy Noether, 1882-1935.
24:53Probably the greatest female mathematician in history, Noether's theorem revealed a fundamental property of our universe.
25:00That for every conservation law there is an invariant.
25:02Her founding work in abstract algebra revolutionized mathematics.
25:0882. Hans Christian Ørsted, 1777-1851.
25:14Discovered electromagnetism when he found that electric current caused a nearby magnetic needle to move.
25:20Discovered paparine and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum.
25:2583. Louis Pasteur, 1822-1895.
25:29The father of modern microbiology, he transformed chemistry and biology with his discovery of mirror image molecules.
25:38Discovered anaerobic bacteria.
25:40Established the germ theory of disease.
25:43And invented food preservation by pasteurization.
25:4684. Linus Pauling, 1901-1994.
25:50Maverick giant of chemistry, formulated valence bond theory and electronegativity.
25:57Founded the fields of quantum chemistry, molecular biology, and molecular genetics.
26:03Discovered the alpha helix structure of proteins.
26:06Proved that sickle cell anemia is a molecular disease.
26:1085. Max Planck, 1858-1947.
26:14He founded quantum theory with his proposal that hot objects radiate only certain allowed values of energy.
26:21All of which are multiples of a number now called the Planck constant.
26:25All other values of energy are forbidden.
26:2886. Pythagoras, circa 570 BC-497 BC.
26:35The Pythagoreans believed the universe was constructed using mathematics and everything could be described with numbers.
26:41They established a link between mathematics and music, proved Pythagoras' theorem, discovered irrational numbers, and discovered the platonic solids.
26:5287. Claudius Ptolemy, AD, circa 100C, 170.
26:58Author of the Almagest, which contained a catalog of over a thousand stars with their positions, relative brightnesses, and constellations.
27:06His mathematical model predicting the movements of the planets was unsurpassed for almost 1,500 years.
27:1488. C. V. Raman, 1888-1970.
27:19Discovered that light can donate a small amount of energy to a molecule, changing the light's color and causing the molecule to vibrate.
27:27The color change acts as a fingerprint for the molecule that can be used to identify molecules and detect diseases such as cancer.
27:3589. Serenivasa Ramanujan, 1887-1920.
27:41A largely self-taught pure mathematician, he enriched number theory with thousands of new identities, equations, and theorems.
27:4990. Francesco Reddy, 1626-1697.
27:54Devised and performed the first controlled experiments in scientific history, showed that flies breed and lay eggs and do not spontaneously generate, founded modern parasitology.
28:0691. Ernest Rutherford, 1871-1937.
28:11The father of nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, he discovered and named the atomic nucleus, the proton, the alpha particle, and the beta particle, discovered the concept of nuclear half-lives, and achieved the first laboratory transformation of one element into another.
28:2992. Theodor Schwann, 1810-1882.
28:33He established that the cell is the basic unit of all living things.
28:38His classification of cells is the foundation of modern histology.
28:43He discovered the enzyme pepsin and identified the role microorganisms play in alcohol fermentation.
28:4993. Gene Shoemaker, 1928-1997.
28:54The first astrogeologist and a founder of planetary impact science, proved that large craters on Earth were caused by collisions with asteroids and comets rather than volcanic activity and proposed that microscopic life could travel between planets on rocks blasted into space by asteroid impacts.
29:1394. B.F. Skinner, 1904-1990.
29:17The 20th century's most influential psychologist, pioneered the science of behaviorism, discovered the power of positive reinforcement in learning, and designed the first psychological experiments producing quantitatively repeatable results.
29:3395. Thales of Miletus, circa 624 B.C., circa 546 B.C.
29:40The first scientist in history, Thales, looked for patterns in nature to explain the way the world worked.
29:47He replaced superstitions with science.
29:50He was the first person to use deductive logic to find new results in geometry.
29:5696. J.J. Thompson, 1856-1940.
30:02Discovered the electron, invented one of the most powerful tools in analytical chemistry, the mass spectrometer, and obtained the first evidence for isotopes of stable elements.
30:1297. Andreas Vesalius, 1514-1564.
30:19Founded modern anatomy, overthrowing misconceptions about the body that had persisted for over a thousand years.
30:2698. Rudolf Virchow, 1821-1902.
30:31A founder of both pathology and social medicine, Virchow correctly identified that diseases are caused by malfunctioning cells.
30:39He named leukemia and was the first to catalogue and name conditions such as embolism, thrombosis, chordoma, and ochronosis.
30:4899. Alessandro Volta, 1745-1827.
30:53Pioneer of electrical science, invented the electric battery, wrote the first electromotive series, isolated methane for the first time, discovered a methane air mixture could be exploded using an electric spark, the basis of the internal combustion engine.
31:10100. Alfred R. Wallace, 1823-1913.
31:17Independently formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection, was one of the first biologists to express concern about the effects human activities were having on the natural world.
31:28101. James Watt, 1736-1819.
31:32Father of the industrial revolution, radically improved the steam engine, invented high-pressure steam engines, independently discovered laden heat, invented the world's first copying machine.
31:46102. Alfred Wegener, 1880-1930.
31:50Discovered continental drift, proposing that our planet once consisted of an ocean surrounding a single great continent, which he called Pangaea, that split apart over many millions of years to form the continents we see today.
32:05103. Chen Ningyong, born 1922.
32:10Thought the unthinkable, discovering that parity is not conserved, Yong Mill's theory is at the heart of the standard model in physics.
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