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  • 6/1/2025
The ice covering the river is treacherous and ever-changing in appearance. Despite this, Tuguldur has to find a suitable point at which to cross the river. The 10-year-old nomadic boy rides his horse alone to school and each time must cross the frozen Tunkhel river in the north of Mongolia. His school day begins in the afternoon. Because the sun has softened the ice on some parts of the river’s surface, he cannot trust the ice everywhere. One wrong decision and his horse could slip on the ice - with him on its back - or break through into the cold water below. Even if he were to remain unhurt in such a situation, little Tuguldur would not manage to get back on the horse’s saddle by himself.

For nomadic Mongolian girl Delgertsetseg, the route to school is equally difficult. The 12-year-old starts school early, when the thermometer at her home shows -30 degrees Celsius. Her father delivers her into the village under moonlight, through deep ruts and slippery snow slopes. Due to the possibility of sliding on the ice and the obvious associated dangers, the police have banned the use of motorbikes in villages during the winter months. However, Delgertsetseg’s father has no other choice - he does not have the money for a safer car.

What these two nomadic children have in common is their eager anticipation for the warm and ice-free spring, even though they have to overcome the hardships of this school route the day before the traditional Mongolian New Year.

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00:00We all know it.
00:04Walked it every day.
00:08But none of them were like these.
00:16The world's most dangerous ways to school.
00:20Freezing.
00:24Climbing for hours.
00:28Bailing non-stop. All for the chance of a better life.
00:32Spectacular and sometimes simply beautiful.
00:36The world's most dangerous ways to school.
00:42The river has changed overnight.
00:46Yesterday it was still a safe place to cross.
00:50Now it poses a potential hazard for ten-year-old Tuguldur and his horse.
00:58The constant thawing and refreezing causes the ice to reshape itself.
01:10Can Tuguldur trust the ice?
01:14Will the ice hold his weight?
01:18Just like the other Mongolian nomad children in the valley, Tuguldur must cross the river to get to school in Tunker.
01:28On the icy way there, the children learn valuable life lessons.
01:40The nomad girl, Dergat Tsetse, must also travel through the biting cold.
01:46When spring comes, everything is better.
01:50The snow melts and everything is green.
01:54The school and the village, a warm haven.
02:00Sometimes I'm afraid that the horse will buck and start running.
02:16The nomad children in Mongolia.
02:20Theirs is one of the most dangerous ways to school in the world.
02:40Winter on the Mongolian steppe.
02:43A long and difficult time for nomadic Mongolians and their cattle.
02:50Temperatures drop to minus 50 degrees Celsius.
02:54Far away from settlements, the milder valleys serve as the winter quarters for the nomads.
03:00The morning of the last day of school before the holidays in February.
03:18It's six o'clock.
03:22Twelve-year-old Dergat Tsetse wishes it was already Tsagan Sa, or White Moon,
03:28the Mongolian Lunar New Year celebration.
03:31Then, she could stay in bed a little bit longer and not have to face the cold darkness on the way to school.
03:44Outside the yurt this morning, it's minus 30 degrees Celsius.
03:49That's why Dergat Tsetse puts on very thick undergarments under her school uniform.
03:56First, I put on two pairs of tights, and over those my sweatpants.
04:01Finally, my black pants.
04:05Due to the bitter cold, her father Dava brought his motorcycle into the yurt overnight.
04:14The hard frost weakens the battery and thickens the engine oil.
04:18Everything and everyone here has to struggle to get moving.
04:22Come here.
04:23I'll do that.
04:34School starts at eight o'clock.
04:37First, I have math, literature, and then music.
04:49After that, biology and chess lessons.
04:52P.E. is last.
04:53My favorite subject is chess.
04:56Compulsory education also applies to the nomad children.
05:05Her mother, Arya, has prepared a small breakfast of tea and biscuits.
05:12Time is short.
05:14Latecomers are given extra exercises as a penalty.
05:17If I'm late or not wearing my uniform, then I have to erase the black marks made from shoes on the floor.
05:30Shortly after seven o'clock, it's time to go out into the cold.
05:36Five kilometers separate her home from the school.
06:03Five quite special kilometers.
06:06Their constant companions are the icy wind and the danger of skidding off the road.
06:19At the beginning of their journey, her 44-year-old father Dava must maneuver the bike through deep ruts in the snow.
06:25All the while keeping his balance.
06:40It's cold. It really is.
06:42And you start to freeze really quickly.
06:44And it is very, very icy.
06:46If you do not drive slowly, it is very dangerous.
06:49You slip faster than you can imagine.
06:51Driving slowly helps.
06:52And eventually, at some point, you learn how to do so.
06:56After 400 meters, Dava and his daughter reach their road.
07:01A snow-covered trail that has frozen overnight.
07:04They will travel on it into the village.
07:07There are two more kilometers until they reach the narrow part in the valley.
07:13That's where father and daughter must cross the dangerous river.
07:22Upriver, five kilometers from Delgatsitzegg's home, it's now time for breakfast.
07:27The younger children, like 10-year-old Tugeldur, only have school in the afternoon.
07:32Where's daddy?
07:37He's out.
07:38My son, have you washed your hands?
07:48Tugeldur's mother, Selenga, has prepared plenty of butts for the new year.
07:53The steamed dumplings filled with meat are Tugeldur's and his five-year-old sister Michelle's favorite.
07:59They're served with salted milk tea.
08:04Michelle doesn't go to school yet.
08:10Meanwhile, Delgatsitzegg and her father have traveled half the distance.
08:15The wind is icy, making the temperature feel like minus 45 degrees Celsius.
08:20Oh, the black dog again!
08:27And then suddenly, a wild dog appears.
08:35The animal tries to snap at their heels, but it can't keep up with the motorcycle.
08:39After that scare, the girl's dangerous way to school is not over yet.
08:48Her father, Davar, is now heading for the frozen river.
08:52Here's where they have to cross.
08:54The spot they always use to get over to the other side of the river has been covered with snow now for a few days.
09:07Davar cannot exactly see how thick the ice is under the layer of snow.
09:12He relies on his experience and observations of the weather.
09:16It's 20 meters to get to the other shore.
09:37They've done it.
09:39The girl hopes it was the last time this winter.
09:41When spring comes, everything is better.
09:45When spring comes, everything is better.
09:48The snow melts and everything is green.
09:54The town of Tunkul in northern Mongolia awakes with the first rays of the sun.
10:02Delgatsitzegg is shivering by the time the half-hour's ride is over.
10:06But she's almost there.
10:09Only a few hundred meters.
10:11Again through the ruts in the road.
10:29Delgatsitzegg's school friends, whose parents are not nomads, have a better life.
10:33They live in the village and their way to school is short and not so dangerous.
10:44A final obstacle awaits Delgatsitzegg.
10:47The railroad crossing.
10:49School is on the other side.
10:52Delgatsitzegg and her father arrive shortly before eight.
10:57Careful crossing the tracks.
10:58Bye.
10:59Motorcycles are not allowed in town in the winter months because of the heightened risk of accidents.
11:08Therefore, her father, Dava, drops his daughter off at the railway crossing right outside of town.
11:16The girl must cross the tracks alone because school is on the other side.
11:20As are the police.
11:21The nomad can hardly afford a ticket.
11:34It is unfortunate.
11:35From the first of October, it is forbidden to drive a motorbike into the villages until, I think, April 10th.
11:48This law really should be revoked here on the countryside.
11:50Delgatsitzegg makes it to school on time.
12:04For a nomad girl who lives far away from the village, the school is also a social event.
12:08Together with her sixth grade classmates, she uses every free minute to play the capped claustique game for example.
12:21So, make a stork, make a cap, cap, stork, the teacher's here.
12:51Delgat Tsetseg must now do a lot of reading and writing, but she's looking forward to
12:59her favorite subject, chess.
13:05Since there are 530 students from the village and its surroundings, and not all fit into
13:10the 15 classrooms at once, the school system is divided into morning and afternoon classes.
13:17This way, while the older ones are in class, the younger students are not forced to face
13:22the early cold getting to school, but the sun's warmth brings a new danger.
13:36Around 11 o'clock, Tuguldur lets the cows out of the barn and drives them to the river.
13:45Sun and house are between two rivers, so Tuguldur knows the hazardous change, when the hard
13:51ice starts slowly melting in the warm sun.
13:58Sun and house are between two rivers, so Tuguldur is a blessing, because they can finally
14:07quench their thirst in places where they would otherwise only encounter ice.
14:13But for Tuguldur, the softened ice is dangerous, he too must cross the river later, when he rides
14:20to school on horseback to school on horseback.
14:27But for Tuguldur, the softened ice is dangerous, but for Tuguldur, the softened ice is dangerous,
14:34he too must cross the river later, when he rides to school on horseback.
14:40Tuguldur goes back to the house and changes his clothes.
15:05His father has already saddled Brownie, named after the color of its coat.
15:20If anything like leaves or a plastic bag is carried up by the wind, or anything hanging
15:25in the tree starts to rustle, the horse starts to buck.
15:28When I see such a thing in the distance, I make a big circle around it.
15:32But sometimes the horse gets spooked and then it's dangerous.
15:36His father, Murun, also has a car.
15:39But he only uses it during blizzards and when temperatures are below minus 20 degrees Celsius.
15:45Gasoline is expensive.
15:50Murun makes a small fire under the engine.
15:54I warm up the engine oil.
15:56Then when I turn the ignition, the car starts up immediately.
15:59That's protected.
16:01Here on the sides you can see it well.
16:03This is very well protected from below here.
16:06And then above it you can see the engine.
16:09You can see it.
16:10You can see it.
16:11You can see it.
16:12You can see it.
16:13You can see it.
16:14Today Murun must take the grandfather into town to run errands for the New Year feast.
16:24And Tuguldur?
16:26Shortly after 11, the temperatures are just below zero degrees Celsius.
16:30The boy is getting ready for school.
16:59His father is aware of the risks, but still lets the small child ride the 10-kilometer route to school alone.
17:08Even though Tuguldur sometimes has problems with Brownie.
17:12When it runs, when the horse is really galloping, it's very hard for me to take the reins and bring it to halt.
17:20Sometimes I can't do it.
17:23When it really gets going, I can't control it.
17:27The boy can't even get up on the horse without help.
17:33Do not gallop and stay away from the street and cars.
17:48Take care, my son.
17:49I warn him often about riding too fast.
17:51So be careful on the ice and get off the road and keep his distance when there are cars.
18:10Never come down off the horse. I tell him always, that's dangerous.
18:17Just a few hundred meters away from the family home, the road is steep.
18:22Tuguldur faces his first challenge.
18:37To stay away from the slippery road, he leads Brownie down in deeper snow.
19:04The first danger is behind him, but Tuguldur can already feel just how slippery the road is today.
19:11An hour-long ride along the river valley lies ahead of the nomadic boy.
19:17The next place where Tuguldur must be vigilant is a small, large forest.
19:22The boy, who is not yet quite steady in the saddle, is now on his own.
19:28If I should ever fall off the horse, I will need to find an elevated place and try to jump from there onto the horse.
19:40But that should never really happen.
19:45Low hanging branches could knock him off the horse. He has to be careful and duck when needed.
19:55Once he is out of the forest, he is faced with the greatest challenge.
20:14At the base of the wide valley, the river awaits him.
20:26At school in Tunker, the second-to-last hour begins, and the classes change rooms.
20:45Chess class now begins.
20:52Dergat Seetseg has been looking forward to this the entire morning.
20:55From sixth grade on, the children have chess as a school subject.
21:00After only half a year, Dergat Seetseg is already very good, the fourth best in her class.
21:06A short refresher in game theory, and the game finally starts.
21:21White begins.
21:24Dergat Seetseg wants to become a chess teacher one day.
21:28It's my turn now.
21:35The kids already understand that chess promotes intelligence and is a game of intrigue.
21:43But mostly they just like to play, so they enjoy the chess lessons.
21:48They play together, win and experience success.
21:51victories generate emotions, and they are proud.
21:58In our school, chess is always one of the favorite subjects.
22:02Of course, they also love physical education.
22:06But chess is at least just as popular.
22:09Students want to play on the board against each other.
22:12Sir, me, me, me!
22:14They always want to play.
22:16The nomad girl, Dergat Seetseg, wins.
22:43It's half past twelve.
22:47As the girls' time in school comes to an end for the day, clouds gather over the steppe.
23:02The wind gains strength, and it starts getting colder again.
23:07Tuguldur has mastered two-thirds of the way.
23:14But now he faces the real danger.
23:22The river.
23:23The ice is meters thick.
23:25But not everywhere.
23:37It acts still as exciting.
23:38We see the water.
23:41I love to go outside all the places.
23:42You got a commitment, so it solves it when you need to fly.
23:43You also stack the нал.
23:44Better don't cause there.
23:45You assure your distance.
23:46If you let it go outside, you'll get the top.
23:47Pass 플� brainstorm.
23:48Go outside.
23:49Do it, the place.
23:50Go outside.
23:51Ha.
23:52Got a problem.
23:53Better not.
23:54Tuguldur searches for a safe place.
23:56It is not too small.
23:59This basin meets your dog.
24:02Sometimes there are very slippery sections with very little snow.
24:04very little snow. In such places, the horse always slides. Those are not good places to go over.
24:12At this spot, the temperature fluctuations have transformed the surface of the river
24:18into black ice, too slippery for a hooved animal. There is no way to cross here.
24:25Tulgudur tries his luck a few hundred yards away. He's already been on the road now for 45 minutes.
24:31A ten-year-old alone, left to his own devices, heading to school on a horse.
24:40This is quite normal for Tulgudur's parents and part of their nomadic culture,
24:45which also includes the ability to survive in nature. Although they live in a solid house,
24:51they still see themselves as nomads.
24:56That they take their lives into their own hands, this we want to give to our children.
25:01This includes a good education.
25:06We teach them on the countryside to have more independence, so they can live as nomads here
25:10later.
25:13You should be able to live here, but at the same time be able to earn a living in the city.
25:26You should be able to earn a living in the city.
25:33After a five-minute detour, Tulgudur has found a spot where he wants to try it.
25:41A gaping crack in the middle of the river,
25:44actually a sign that thick sheets of ice have collided together.
25:48A gaping crack in the middle of the river, in the middle of the river, in the middle of the river.
25:55A gaping crack in the middle of the river.
25:56Now just do not fall down. When horses get scared, they simply run off.
26:01Then you have to pull the reins tightly to bring them into a halt.
26:05Sometimes when it starts running suddenly, I also get terribly frightened.
26:09I am terrified of sudden quick movements.
26:23Tulgudur scrutinizes the ice.
26:25Tulgudur scrutinizes the ice.
26:33He decides to try it.
26:51Tulgudur scrutinizes the ice.
26:54Tulgudur scrutinizes the ice.
27:00Brownie shies away from the danger.
27:05Tulgudur must show no fear now.
27:07The horse would sense any uncertainty.
27:24Tulgudur scrutinizes the ice.
27:26They get closer to the gap.
27:35And the horse obeys, overcoming its fear.
27:43Just like Tulgudur, who has also overcome his fear.
27:47The student reaches the other side safely.
28:02Classes are over for the mourning children.
28:04Out onto the playground.
28:15The last few minutes that Tulgudur can enjoy with her school friends.
28:18And is allowed to be a child.
28:21Before her father comes to pick her up.
28:22She loves to play the chain game.
28:35In which the children form two teams.
28:38And take turns trying to break a link in the opponent's chain.
28:41Whoever doesn't make it, must stay.
28:47Whoever makes it, gets to take one of the opponents with them.
28:57And then, a short brawl.
29:15Pegat Tsetseg is in the midst of it all.
29:22One of them hit me on the hand.
29:24So I went to him and hit him back.
29:27I went to him and hit him.
29:30Tugudur hurries.
29:32The detour by the river has cost him time.
29:38He reaches Tunkel 15 minutes before the start of the afternoon classes.
29:45He can't tie the horse up at school.
29:47The school director doesn't allow it.
29:49But Tugudur's family have friends in town.
29:52He leaves the horse in the courtyard of a garage until school is over.
29:57He leaves the horse in the courtyard of a house.
29:59He leaves the horse in the courtyard of a house.
30:02He leaves the horse in the courtyard of a house.
30:17Brownie will wait until school is over.
30:20From here, it's only a few meters walk to school.
30:22The afternoon students line up at the entrance to the school.
30:40They would also get extra work for tardiness.
30:50Tugudur is on time.
30:56On the way, he's met friends.
30:58They have to take a math test in the first hour.
31:03By one o'clock, the young students are allowed to enter the warm building as the older ones head home.
31:09Here, the two nomad children meet each other.
31:11What subjects did you have today?
31:17We have now Mongolian, math, and art.
31:20Was it cold this morning?
31:21Well, it was okay.
31:23Did you freeze on the horse?
31:26Nah, not really.
31:29Okay, see you.
31:30Okay.
31:38The math teacher is waiting.
31:39She wants to start on time.
31:41The math teacher says goodbye to her friends and makes plans to play again.
31:57We play school.
32:04Someone is then the teacher, the others are students, and class president.
32:11Now Degat Tseg must get going again, to the train station, where she has to meet her father.
32:17She must cross the tracks again.
32:24At lunchtime, there are more trains.
32:26Their destination is the capital, 200 kilometers away, Ulaanbaatar.
32:33They often only pass through Tonkur, so the girl has to be extremely careful.
32:47They often pass through Tonkur, 200 kilometers away, Ulaanbaatar.
33:02That was a small train.
33:05Let's go, come on.
33:17At half-past one, father and daughter are on their way back.
33:29They leave the town and head back to her parents' yurt, beyond the river.
33:37Where a thin blanket of snow covered the morning road, now patches of ice appear.
33:42The bike drives over the frozen bed of ice.
33:48Aware of the danger of slipping, her father Dava does his best to avoid the bare ice.
34:08The first hurdle has been overcome.
34:10But even if they're tired, father and daughter still have to concentrate.
34:14Tuguldur must also concentrate now.
34:19The math test has begun.
34:22First, the children have to solve dictated math problems openly on a laminated piece of paper.
34:27Later, separately in their books.
34:31So, let me see.
34:3577.05.
34:37Exactly right.
34:39The dogs are attacking.
35:01The dogs are attacking.
35:16Go, go.
35:19Come on.
35:23Compared to the morning, Dergatsetseg is now boisterous.
35:27It's probably the anticipation of tomorrow's spring festival, which has raised her spirits.
35:32But before the party can get started, the nomads must finish the final tasks in order to close
35:51out the year coming to an end.
35:53And like every day, right after school, the 12-year-old schoolgirl has to help at home.
35:58As the youngest of four children, she learned very early on how to handle a sharp axe by herself.
36:13After chopping wood, the work continues.
36:16Dergatsetseg has to help her aunt to round up the cows.
36:20There is always plenty to do.
36:23On my list, chop the wood, fetch the water, bringing in the wood, sweep, mop the floor, wash the dishes.
36:35But of course, Dergatsetseg would rather play than work.
36:39After milking the cows, she hides, much to the displeasure of her father.
36:44Have you fed the calf?
36:54Actually, our youngest is a really hard worker.
36:57I don't have to do much.
36:59She does everything.
37:00Brings water and gives the calves water and grass.
37:03Straightens and cleans up, washes the dishes.
37:06She can already do all these tasks.
37:10It's important to the parents to keep the traditional nomadic culture alive.
37:17In the celebratory ritual, her aunt sprinkles some of the freshly retrieved milk.
37:21Life with nature is a constant give and take for the Mongolians.
37:27At school, however, the nomadic children learn everything they need for a modern life.
37:31To get jobs in the big city, if need be.
37:36Togodo wants to be a soldier someday.
37:38During recess, he practices a little.
37:44During the break, we wrestle.
37:46Sometimes we play catch.
37:49But mostly, we are wrestling.
37:58Wrestling is a popular sport in Mongolia and allowed by the teachers in the schoolyard.
38:03It's about sportsmanship, testing one's strength, and experiencing success.
38:17It's about two people who live far away from his friends.
38:36For Togodur, who lives far away from his friends, recess is the only time he has to play with his peers.
38:42We have 30 minutes in the big break.
38:51We drink and eat in the first 10 minutes, and then we get out.
38:55And then, I play with my class.
38:57About 20 minutes or so.
38:59It's about 20 minutes in the first 10 minutes.
39:04Hello, Manda.
39:06Ah, hello, all right?
39:08Yes, hello.
39:15Is school over?
39:17Yes, done.
39:19School is out at five o'clock.
39:21Manda, a family friend, helps Togodur up on his horse.
39:25Okay, go nice and slow on the way home, all right?
39:31Yes.
39:38On his way home, Togodur takes a small detour and rides up to the stupa, a sacred Buddhist place of worship.
39:45Perhaps there is something to discover.
39:52Sometimes there are interesting offerings there.
40:01But his father had warned the boy not to dawdle on the way home, so he doesn't have to ride home in the dark.
40:15And at school, they said it would snow in the evening.
40:22For the young Mongolian, it's back to the frozen valley of the nomads.
40:28The temperature quickly drops to minus 20 degrees Celsius.
40:33Going back across the river, he trusts the same location as at noontime.
40:45But the ride home from school will be more difficult this time.
41:12As predicted, snow is falling.
41:23In the valley, thick flakes blanket the landscape.
41:27On New Year's Eve, a time of year that the nomads yearn for since it symbolizes the beginning of spring.
41:41It's a time of year and a time of year.
41:44Togodur rides a little faster, past Delgert Tzitzig's family's yurts.
41:49Five kilometers left to get home, and Togodur must decide.
41:55On the warm horse, you do not freeze that easily.
41:58Only if you ride really fast and the wind blows from the front, then you freeze.
42:02But if you trot lightly or ride at a walk, then it's okay.
42:07If he rides fast, Brownie might not see a deep hole in dense snowdrifts and could stumble.
42:14Should Togodur rides slowly, he will get caught in the dark.
42:17Togodur presses Brownie on.
42:27He would rather hurry home.
42:32Keep snowdrifts have formed in some places, and Brownie is constantly running into them.
42:52Togodur tries to keep his balance.
43:02The boy who can't even get up onto his horse alone, summons all his courage,
43:11and rides the last four kilometers through the snow-covered steppe, as fast as he can.
43:32Togodur tries to keep the snow-covered steppe, and Togodur tries to keep the snow-covered steppe.
43:43Around six o'clock, as the snow subsides, Delgert Tzitzig and her family scrape the yurts free of snow.
43:53It's time to prepare the celebration.
44:03The parents have set up a buffet table in the center of the yurt.
44:07Pastries, cheeses, sweets, and vodka for the adults are ready to mark the closure of the days of want,
44:16and to celebrate the new year.
44:32As night falls, Togodur has just now made it home.
44:50Outside the house, his father has been watching out for him.
44:53Well, was it cold?
44:59No.
44:59Was it okay?
45:01Yes.
45:04Good. Go have a look inside.
45:09I'll take care of the horse.
45:10While his father, Murun, removes the saddle and gives the horse hay and water,
45:25Togodur does his homework in excited anticipation.
45:29He now has five days' holiday.
45:32And the party.
45:33Tzaganza is the Mongolian New Year.
45:42It's where the Mongols, that's us, show our elders respect and honor,
45:46and welcome all who are older with a welcoming ritual.
45:51The children get up very early, and then greet their parents.
45:55First the father, and then the mother.
45:58And at the greeting ritual, one should always put something in their hand.
46:02A small gift.
46:07The next morning.
46:10Every New Year's Day, we go to a place of sacrifice,
46:14and give the mountain small offerings, and look at the sunrise.
46:22Look at it now.
46:23The first rays of the New Year's sun.
46:25His father, Murun, soaks it up.
46:30You look at the sunrise in the place of sacrifice,
46:32because that brings good luck and blessings.
46:34Papa and I climb up here every New Year.
46:36No, it wasn't.
46:40Delga Tsetseg has put on her best garments for this day,
46:44and may now enjoy some snacks from the buffet table.
46:47Togodur, his parents and sister, now visit his grandparents and relatives in the village.
47:00Are you all right?
47:01Are you all right?
47:02Are you all right?
47:03Are you all right?
47:05The feast is served.
47:07On this day, one goes from house to house,
47:10and wishes their relatives a happy New Year.
47:14The men exchange flasks of tobacco, as a sign of mutual respect.
47:18And for nomadic children, it's now time to go outside.
47:26And enjoy the coming spring.
47:31Slowly, the ice and the cold will disappear.
47:36That's where you see the first sight.
47:372020, 까 zeal you can see a intakeação v charger for itsotherapy.
47:40Your grandmother would be all right for us to drink it,
47:42and your man is a bit weak.
47:43His mother comes here for an aunt to house,
47:46and for her sons work in the village in Spain.
47:48And you sleep with your kids.
47:51You sleep with aopers dancing parabola.
47:53You sleep with a Hand quote and you sleep with you at work.
47:59And for example, are you reacting with a largo Timothy toi?
48:01Maybe when you listen to his disciples,

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