Les Chercheurs Ont Découvert Le Jumeau D'Un Trou Noir - Et Il Est Encore Plus Effrayant - video Dailymotion

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Les scientifiques ont découvert le jumeau d'un trou noir, et d'une certaine manière, il est encore plus effrayant que le premier. Ce monstre cosmique est massif, se cachant dans les profondeurs de l'espace, avalant tout ce qui s'approche trop près. Qu'est-ce qui le rend encore plus inquiétant ? Il est étrangement similaire à un autre trou noir supermassif que nous connaissons déjà—ce qui signifie qu'il pourrait y en avoir davantage qui rôdent dans l'univers. Les scientifiques se précipitent maintenant pour comprendre comment il s'est formé et ce que cela signifie pour notre compréhension des trous noirs. Une chose est sûre : l'espace vient de devenir un peu plus terrifiant ! 🚀  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Scientists estimate that there could be a gigantic onion somewhere in space.

00:05Not a real onion, of course, but something even more amazing.

00:09Stars stacked in successive layers, one on top of the other.

00:14These captivating objects, called gravastars, could be close relatives of black holes.

00:19Even more, they could offer essential keys to understanding some of the biggest enigmas of the universe,

00:26such as dark energy or even other dimensions.

00:31Let's start with gravity.

00:32More than a century ago, Albert Einstein revolutionized our understanding of this force.

00:37Contrary to what one might think, it is not limited to attracting objects to the Earth

00:42or dropping apples on Newton's head.

00:45Much more extraordinary, it deforms the very pattern of space-time.

00:51Imagine that you drop a heavy ball, like a bowling ball, in the middle of your bed.

00:56What happens to the sheets?

00:58They sink and stretch around the ball.

01:03Now, if you roll a small ball on this bed, it will no longer follow a straight line.

01:08On the contrary, it will start spinning around the ball, getting closer and closer,

01:13as if the ball was pulling it irresistibly.

01:16This is gravity.

01:19But instead of sheets, it is the very fabric of space-time that is concerned.

01:24Massive objects such as planets and stars create hollows in it.

01:28And the moons, planets, and even light follow these deformations.

01:35Gravity is the curvature that determines their trajectory.

01:39In this case, you can consider black holes as the ultimate bowling balls,

01:44the heaviest there are.

01:46Gravity is so intense that it compresses them to the extreme,

01:50to the point of becoming tiny,

01:52so small, to tell the truth, that it could hold in your hand while possessing the mass of several suns.

01:58Some even contain the equivalent of more than 40 billion solar masses.

02:03It seems absurd, but these objects actually create hollows without a bottom in space-time.

02:09At measured gravity, the region around them, called the event horizon, is terrifying.

02:15It is a point of no return.

02:17Once something enters it, including light, it is immediately drawn inside, unable to escape.

02:24This is precisely why they appear as black holes.

02:28The gravastars, on the other hand, are even more unique.

02:32Just like black holes, they are probably extremely compact.

02:36However, instead of being infinitely dense gravity wells,

02:39they could hold in their hearts something incredible,

02:43dark energy.

02:46Dark energy is one of the greatest mysteries of the cosmos.

02:51It is an invisible and enigmatic force

02:54that seems to constantly accelerate the expansion of the universe.

02:59It acts as the exact opposite of gravity.

03:01While this last time to gather matter and slow down the cosmic expansion,

03:06dark energy tries to push back the limits of the universe, making it ever larger.

03:11So far, dark energy has taken over,

03:14without which we would be trapped in a contracting universe.

03:17But if we can explain gravity with simple analogies,

03:21what is really dark energy?

03:23A force, an energetic field, or something else?

03:27We have no idea.

03:29Scientists have observed its effects and know that it is omnipresent in the universe,

03:34but they are still unable to define its true nature.

03:38If, however, it was imprisoned in the gravastars, we could finally discover the truth.

03:44This name is the contraction of gravitational vacuum star.

03:48These were imagined in 2006 by two physics professors,

03:51Paweł Mazur and Emil Motola.

03:54Their reflection was based on possible alternatives to black holes

03:58when a massive star collapses on itself.

04:01This is how they proposed this new hypothesis.

04:04Imagine that gravity pulls everything to the center, compressing the massive stars.

04:09The more they shrink, the denser they become, and their gravity intensifies.

04:13Beyond a certain threshold, they cross a critical limit and turn into black holes.

04:19But what if a dark energy was present inside to counteract this collapse?

04:25At the heart of a gravastar, a region filled with false voids or dark energy

04:30could exert pressure outward, opposing gravity.

04:35This evokes the image of the irresistible force encountering an immutable object.

04:41Thanks to this opposition, the core of the star would not collapse into a black hole.

04:47This may seem crazy.

04:50We do not even know what dark energy is.

04:53So how could it fill anything?

04:56However, even if its exact nature escapes scientists,

05:00they have reliable mathematical models to analyze its behavior in the universe.

05:05So they decided to test this theory.

05:09And this is where things get even stranger.

05:12A new hypothesis suggests that gravastars could not be simple isolated objects,

05:17but stack them inside each other.

05:20Each would form a layer with its own dark internal energy bubble,

05:25enveloped by a thin layer of matter.

05:27The outer shell would contain a smaller gravastar,

05:31which would house an even smaller one, and so on.

05:35It is comparable to a series of balloons.

05:38The pressure of the air in each balloon is stable and evenly distributed.

05:43None of them deflates or explodes under the pressure of the others.

05:48In the case of gravastars, the air corresponds to the dark energy,

05:52and the outer shell represents the matter surrounding them.

05:56This seems insane, but makes the idea more apprehensible.

06:00A single gravastar could have a very thin envelope,

06:04but the thicker the layers, the more likely their stability becomes.

06:10And finally, the most fascinating part,

06:13is that it could potentially solve one of the greatest mysteries of our world,

06:17the origin of the universes.

06:20When a star collapses to become a gravastar,

06:23the matter could, in theory, implode through its center and create a new dimension,

06:29thus linking these objects to the Big Bang.

06:32Some researchers go further by speculating that dark energy

06:35could represent the energy exchanged between our universe and a child universe born from a gravastar.

06:42Naturally, all this remains purely speculative for the moment.

06:47But where are all these gravastars, and how could we verify their existence?

06:52Physicists are not sure.

06:54It is more a theoretical hypothesis than a concrete discovery.

06:58The two professors at the origin of this idea

07:00simply tried to imagine what would happen if gravity and dark energy acted together.

07:06For the moment, LIGO, the large observatory that detects undulations in space-time,

07:12has not provided clear evidence of the existence of gravastars.

07:16Another problem is their stability, which would only be possible under precise conditions.

07:21For example, a rotation too fast or an envelope too thick

07:25could cause oscillations or a progressive disintegration,

07:28even if this could take billions of years.

07:33In addition, even if we have not yet detected them,

07:36we must remember that the dark holes themselves have followed a similar path.

07:41When Einstein published his revolutionary theory of general relativity,

07:45Karl Schwarzschild used these equations to demonstrate that an extremely strong gravity

07:51could potentially prevent light from escaping, thus creating a kind of hole in space.

07:58Einstein himself considered this idea too strange to be plausible.

08:02It took us many years to confirm the existence of dark holes,

08:06and it was only recently that we took the very first picture of one of them,

08:10the blurry image of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A-star,

08:15located in the center of the Milky Way, which went around the world.

08:19This is why scientists take gravastars very seriously.

08:23Mathematical calculations being correct, these objects are theoretically possible in our reality.

08:30It remains only to verify if they really exist somewhere.

08:34Interesting fact, they would probably look like classic black holes,

08:39emitting high-energy radiation by consuming matter.

08:43They could even produce Hawking radiations,

08:46a type of theoretical energy that escapes black holes.

08:50In other words, it would be almost impossible to distinguish them from black holes.

08:55However, if their envelope is transparent to light,

08:58gravastars could bend it in a slightly different way.

09:03By closely observing the way light is deflected around these mysterious objects,

09:07we could perhaps perceive a variation.

09:11And even if gravastars do not exist in our universe,

09:14they will nevertheless have made a precious contribution to science,

09:18by helping us to better understand gravity, black holes and the limits of relativity.

Les Chercheurs Ont Découvert Le Jumeau D'Un Trou Noir - Et Il Est Encore Plus Effrayant

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