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Edu-Primes
  • 7/29/2024
Transcript
00:00Hi kids! Today we will learn what is probability and conduct a few basic probability experiments
00:13to learn basics of probability. So let's get started!
00:23The word probability means chance of occurring or not something. And this word is very commonly
00:33used in our daily life. Like, chances of teams A and B winning a certain match are equal.
00:49Probably it may rain tomorrow. Probably you are right! But now we will learn how to calculate
01:00the probability of occurring or not occurring something and tell the same in numbers. Before
01:13learning how to calculate probability in numbers, we will learn a few things. Now let's learn
01:23what are equally likely cases. Example, if we toss a coin, possible outcomes are a head
01:36or a tail. Are both outcomes equally likely? That is, both have equal probability to occur.
01:47Yes, these outcomes are equally likely. That is, head and tail are equally probable to
01:59come if we throw a coin. So, the total number of equally likely cases are two in the case
02:09of a coin. Now let's take another example. If we throw a dice, what are the possible
02:20outcomes or cases? It is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. That is, 6 possible outcomes are there.
02:37And are all these numbers equally likely? That is, all numbers are equally probable
02:46to come if we throw a dice. Yes! All these numbers are equally probable. That is, equally likely.
03:00So, equally likely cases in the case of a dice are 6. That is, numbers 1 to 6. Now let's take
03:15another example. If I throw two coins at the same time, what are the possible outcomes or cases?
03:26It is head and tail. That is, either one head, one tail, either one head, one tail, or either
03:40both heads or both tails. And all these cases are equally likely. That is, all these cases are
03:52equally probable to occur. So, how many equally likely cases are there? Four equally likely cases
04:05are there if you flip two coins. So kids, now you know what are equally likely cases. Now let's
04:18take another example. Here we have a spinner. If I spin this wheel, whee! How many possible outcomes
04:32or cases are there? There are four possible cases. Spinner may stop at diamond, star, cloud, or
04:46triangle. No other option is there. And are all these outcomes equally likely? Yes! These outcomes
05:00are equally likely as all options are occupying the same space on the wheel. Here we have another
05:11wheel. If I spin this wheel, how many possible outcomes or cases are there? Three cases are
05:22possible. The spinner may stop at cloud, star, or a triangle. And are all these cases equally likely?
05:32No! All the cases are not equally likely as it is more probable that the spinner will stop at cloud
05:44as it occupies more space on the spinner wheel. So, the three cases are not equally likely. It is
05:58more probable that the spinner will stop at cloud as it occupies more space on spinner wheel. So,
06:08the three cases are not equally likely. So, kids, we learned that the total number of equally likely
06:20outcomes or cases possible in experiment if we toss a coin are two, head or tail. And in case
06:33of a dice, equally likely cases are six. They are numbers one, two, six. Now let's learn another term.
06:46It is favorable cases or cases or outcomes. We want out of the total possible outcomes. Let's
07:00take an example. I want a head to come if I toss a coin. So, here the favorable case is heads. Now,
07:16I want number four to come if I throw a dice. Here too, there is only one favorable case. That is,
07:28coming of number four. Now, if I want any even number to come, if I throw a dice, there are three
07:40even numbers out of six numbers on a dice. Two, four, six. So, there are three favorable cases
07:53coming up two, four, or six. Now, if I want number seven to come if I throw a dice, is there any
08:07favorable case? No, there will be no favorable case as number seven is not there on the dice.
08:19So, zero favorable cases is there in this case. Now, you know what is probability,
08:31what are possible outcomes in the probability experiments, what are equally likely case,
08:40and what are favorable cases. Now, you may go ahead and take a quiz to learn more. Bye-bye.