A recent study shows that teenage defectors from North Korea are much more likely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder or depression compared to their South Korean peers.
A study by the University of Konstanz in Germany found that 89 percent of some 62 teenagers from the North had experienced traumatic incidents.
Fifty-nine percent said they'd suffered famine, forced labour, assault, imprisonment or gang violence.
Fifty-seven percent said they'd experienced domestic violence.
It's the first time that a study has been conducted on the mental health and wellness of teenage defectors from the North.