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Documentary, Deep Web 2015
Transcript
00:05:04This hidden internet is underpinned by a virtual currency called Bitcoin.
00:05:08Bitcoins offer anonymized transactions which can be almost impossible for the police to trace.
00:05:14Heroin, opium, cannabis, ecstasy, psychedelic stimulants, opioids, and here they are, suboxycodone,
00:05:24and all of those, codeine, lactar heroin, you name it, they have it, they're all listed
00:05:30in the light of day, unbelievable.
00:05:34The Silk Road's success was largely due to an innovative combination of Tor and Bitcoin.
00:05:40Bitcoin is a technology that uses cryptographic code to create digital currency.
00:05:44The sender transmits their Bitcoin code through a ledger called the blockchain to arrive at
00:05:49the recipient.
00:05:50Bitcoin is not perfectly anonymous, but if used carefully it facilitates online purchases
00:05:55without revealing identity.
00:05:58Bitcoin was an ideal currency for the Silk Road because it allows for anonymity and is
00:06:02outside the control of banks and governments.
00:06:11I really became aware of the Silk Road when Adrian Shannon Gawker did his profile.
00:06:19I think in a way that story, as much as it documented the Silk Road, it created the Silk Road too.
00:06:25I mean, it drove so many people to the site, I think it probably was an order of magnitude
00:06:29increase in users on the Silk Road.
00:06:32So from that point on, I felt like I had missed the story and I wanted the next big story on
00:06:37the Silk Road.
00:06:38But I was also just fascinated with the community that was being created there.
00:06:45eBay doesn't have that kind of user community.
00:06:49It was just like a really tight-knit movement of people.
00:06:53It was a fascinating thing just to lurk around it.
00:06:57It's a certifiable one-stop shop for illegal drugs that represents the most brazen attempt
00:07:04to peddle drugs online that we have ever seen.
00:07:06It's more brazen than anything else by light years.
00:07:09I mean, they had a really big, you know, target on their back.
00:07:13And they even had been taunting, to some extent, law enforcement and, you know, the powers that
00:07:19be by doing this in the open.
00:07:21And that's actually part of what these marketplaces are about.
00:07:25It's not so much about selling drugs as much as it is to say, to make a political statement
00:07:31of sorts, right?
00:07:33This shouldn't be prohibited.
00:07:34We are free to do what we want.
00:07:36And we have the technology to do it.
00:07:37So there.
00:07:38The news around the Silk Road came almost entirely from law enforcement and government
00:07:42officials with little insight from those who were behind the market itself.
00:07:47So the core architects and vendors of the Silk Road were sought out, using encryption
00:07:52keys to verify their identities and preserving their anonymity.
00:07:56This is the first time they have spoken publicly.
00:07:59The Silk Road forums were a better community than I've ever seen in real life.
00:08:03There were many threats that had great political and philosophical discussions.
00:08:07Sure, there were illegal things going on, but this was a real community of like-minded
00:08:12people.
00:08:13The Silk Road didn't appear to have a single leader.
00:08:17There were the regular posts from the system's administrator, but otherwise the service appeared
00:08:21to be primarily community-run.
00:08:23Then on February 5th, 2012, after a highly successful first year of business, the Silk Road administrator
00:08:29made an announcement.
00:08:30I need an identity separate from the site, and the enterprise of which I am now only a
00:08:35part.
00:08:36I need a name.
00:08:37Drum roll please.
00:08:38My new name is Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:08:41You're the Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:08:43Admit it.
00:08:44With pride.
00:08:45Dread Pirate Roberts was cribbed from the mythical character from the novel and film The Princess
00:08:49Bride, and the choice was no accident.
00:08:52In the original story by William Goldman, the Dread Pirate Roberts was a nom de guerre handed
00:08:56down from user to user and passed along eternally.
00:08:59The man I inherited from was not the real Dread Pirate Roberts either.
00:09:02The real Roberts has been retired 15 years, and I have been Roberts ever since.
00:09:06I shall retire and hand the name over to someone else.
00:09:08This Dread Pirate Roberts, or DPR, would come to spearhead the Silk Road forums and was
00:09:13generally assumed to be the creator and owner of the site.
00:09:17The Dread Pirate Roberts to me seemed to be kind of the most interesting figure in that
00:09:20whole world.
00:09:22On the Silk Road forums, he was constantly posting these manifestos and love letters to
00:09:27his users and libertarian philosophical treaties, and he even had like this Dread Pirate Roberts
00:09:33book club where he hosted discussions of Austrian economics and free market philosophy.
00:09:39At the same time, nobody knew who he was.
00:09:41He had never spoken to the press before.
00:09:44I approached him on the Silk Road forum mid-2012 and started kind of just like trying to persuade
00:09:50him to talk, chipping away at him and just bugging him constantly.
00:09:58The actual trigger, I think, that made him decide to talk was this competing dark web site called
00:10:03Atlantis.
00:10:04They were really much more aggressive in their marketing than the Silk Road.
00:10:10They put out this YouTube video advertising Atlantis as the new, better dark web drug site.
00:10:18So when I went back to the Dread Pirate Roberts and said, you know, I'm going to do this
00:10:22story.
00:10:23It can either be about Atlantis or it can be about you.
00:10:25I think he realized that, you know, that he was a savvy business guy who realized he had
00:10:30to talk at that point.
00:10:31He did have a kind of political message that he wanted to get out, and I could see that
00:10:35in what he was posting on the forums.
00:10:37So I kind of played up to that and I told him, like, I can be the vessel for you to talk
00:10:41about what the Silk Road really represents, and I think that that appealed to him.
00:10:45So it took eight months, but finally he did agree to an interview.
00:10:51Of course, he didn't tell me anything about himself, where he lives, you know, his age,
00:10:56identity, anything that could be remotely identifying.
00:11:02I didn't start the Silk Road.
00:11:04My predecessor did.
00:11:06From what I understand, it was an original idea to combine Bitcoin and Tor to create an
00:11:10anonymous market.
00:11:11Everything was in place.
00:11:13He just put the pieces together.
00:11:14The most I'm willing to reveal is that I'm not the first administrator of Silk Road.
00:11:19He was incredibly secretive, of course, about the inner workings of the Silk Road and, you
00:11:24know, his own identity, of course.
00:11:25I mean, he was hunted by every law enforcement agency that you can imagine.
00:11:33The management of Silk Road is a collaborative effort.
00:11:36It's not just me making sure Silk Road runs smoothly.
00:11:39More often than not, the best ideas come from the community itself.
00:11:42But he did tell me, like, some interesting things about how he viewed himself and his,
00:11:46and the way that the Silk Road works.
00:11:50We don't allow the sale of anything that's main purpose is to harm innocent people or that
00:11:54it was necessary to harm innocent people to bring to market.
00:11:57For example, anything stolen is forbidden.
00:12:00Counterfeit money and coupons which are used to defraud people.
00:12:03Hitmen aren't allowed, and neither is child pornography.
00:12:06No substance on Silk Road falls under those guidelines.
00:12:09This went beyond just, you know, like, legalizing marijuana or even heroin.
00:12:14He wanted to see a new relationship between individuals and the government, where the government
00:12:21was, you know, basically hamstrung and couldn't control what people bought and sold.
00:12:27At its core, Silk Road is a way to get around regulation from the state.
00:12:33The state tries to control nearly every aspect of our lives, not just drug use.
00:12:37Anywhere they do that, there's an opportunity to live your life as you see fit, despite their
00:12:42efforts.
00:12:43I guess I shouldn't generally say this kind of thing, but I really liked the Dread Pirate
00:12:47Roberts that I interviewed.
00:12:48I thought he was, you know, a really super interesting guy with a really coherent philosophy.
00:12:54He came across to me as this kind of middle-aged, wise man figure, you know.
00:12:59But not everyone on Silk Road believed in libertarian philosophy.
00:13:03Bringing an end to the drug war was the agenda that truly united the community.
00:13:07The huge reason why DPR put the website up and allowed the market to begin with and took
00:13:13the risk was because there needed to be a violence reduction in purchasing drugs, because it's
00:13:20going to happen.
00:13:21And the reason it's going to happen is because of the war on drugs.
00:13:27Violence isn't just from the people buying and selling the drugs.
00:13:30Violence is from the police departments and the federal agents prosecuting this war, and
00:13:36not to mention the horrendous violence that we commit overseas on people.
00:13:39I mean, we're the biggest bully on the planet when it comes to drugs.
00:13:43The fact that more than 50% of this country has said, you know, to the DEA, you know, we
00:13:48don't want you prostituting this war anymore.
00:13:50They need to demonize drugs.
00:13:52The war on drugs is, you know, all about fear, uncertainty, and doubt.
00:13:58I could see that the Silk Road wasn't just another cyber criminal scheme.
00:14:02This was a guy who saw himself as the leader of a movement.
00:14:06One thing I've learned playing Dread Pirate Roberts is that your actions are sure to
00:14:10please some and infuriate others, but we can't stay silent forever.
00:14:14We have an important message, and the time is ripe for the world to hear it.
00:14:19What we're doing isn't about scoring drugs or sticking it to the man.
00:14:22It's about standing up for our rights as human beings and refusing to submit when we've
00:14:26done no wrong.
00:14:28Silk Road is a vehicle for that message.
00:14:30All else is secondary.
00:14:33The Silk Road functioned because the Dread Pirate Roberts was trusted.
00:14:37At any point, he could have shut down the Silk Road and run away with everyone's Bitcoins.
00:14:41We've seen that happen with a bunch of other dark web businesses, but he didn't.
00:14:45And I think people believed that he wouldn't because they felt that he was a true believer
00:14:49in this kind of radically libertarian, crypto-anarchic philosophy that goes back to the cypherpunks of
00:14:56the 1990s.
00:14:5825 years ago in the Bay Area, a burgeoning group of mathematicians, crypto-anarchists,
00:15:04and hackers began to meet in each other's homes.
00:15:08This tight-knit group came to be casually known as the cypherpunks.
00:15:12These original members were not socially motivated, but more concerned with the hard math of
00:15:17cryptographic technology and the broader philosophy of anonymity, individual liberty, and privacy.
00:15:23The government has this clear policy of access to all plain text, meaning whatever you're
00:15:27saying, they want access to.
00:15:28If it's stored on your hard disk, they want access to it.
00:15:31If it goes over the wire, they want access to it.
00:15:33If you are proxying speech for someone else, they want to know who it is.
00:15:37The cypherpunks were instrumental in the growing movement towards privacy and anonymity online,
00:15:42and they would pioneer the way into the hidden corners of the internet.
00:15:46Maybe the big turning point for the cypherpunks, I think, was WikiLeaks and Julian Assange's
00:15:52and Jacob Applebaum's idea of what it means to be a cypherpunk.
00:15:55You cannot trust a government to implement the policies that it says that it's implementing,
00:16:00and so we must provide the underlying tools, secret cryptographic codes that the government
00:16:06can spy on to everyone, as a sort of use of force, in that a government, no matter how hard it tries,
00:16:13if the cyphers are good, cannot break into your communications directly.
00:16:18Force of authority is derived from violence.
00:16:20One must acknowledge, with cryptography, no amount of violence will ever solve a math problem.
00:16:25Exactly.
00:16:26This is the important key. It doesn't mean you can't be tortured.
00:16:28It doesn't mean that they can't try to bug your house or subvert it in some way,
00:16:31but it means if they find an encrypted message, it doesn't matter if they have the force of the authority
00:16:35behind everything that they do. They cannot solve that math problem.
00:16:38This movement is not about the destruction of law.
00:16:41This movement is not about the destruction of law.
00:16:45It is about the construction of law.
00:16:48These are guys who want to create encryption tools that everybody can use.
00:16:52It's not just for the elite. It's trying to shift the way that the internet works,
00:16:57to provide secrecy and anonymity and privacy to everyone.
00:17:01It's a much more populist movement.
00:17:04There is a community of people in the security and cryptography space
00:17:09who want to live in a world where the government cannot record their emails,
00:17:13cannot listen to their telephone calls, cannot see who they're spending time with.
00:17:17And they're trying to build tools.
00:17:19They're trying to build protocols and services that can facilitate that kind of anonymous
00:17:24and private exchange of information.
00:17:26I actually think this all comes down to wanting to live a free life.
00:17:30And the recognition, which really predates all technology,
00:17:34that an observed life is not a completely free life,
00:17:37that a zone of privacy is just a core human value.
00:17:41And the technology, to me, is just an incarnation of those basic human values.
00:17:48And I think that the people who are trying to build currencies that are free of tracking
00:17:53and government control and technologies that let you have a private conversation
00:17:57and those kinds of things are just people who are seeing that the technology can both enable and disable that space.
00:18:06There are more cypherpunks than ever before.
00:18:09They want to entirely cripple the government's ability to enforce law.
00:18:14They want cryptography to make the rules instead of law enforcement.
00:18:19Cody Wilson is a crypto-anarchist best known for developing The Liberator,
00:18:24a 3D printable gun that was downloaded 100,000 times in two days.
00:18:28When a group of baby boomers are told,
00:18:30OK, now 3D printers will print guns, they can do nothing but say,
00:18:32well, it's been nice living in the world I used to know.
00:18:35We want to question the very foundation, evacuate the very foundation,
00:18:39that this order, moral, ethical, political, is founded.
00:18:45To see beyond good and evil and to allow something else to happen.
00:18:49This is where the figure of DPR is so interesting to me.
00:18:52Like, is he a liberal? Like, is he a Misesian like he says he is?
00:18:55Oh, he believes in libertarian market principles and, you know,
00:18:58man against the state and all these principles of freedom and axioms?
00:19:02Or is he someone else, like who I hope he is,
00:19:05or someone like I would try to hope to be,
00:19:07who is just looking for a way, a mechanism,
00:19:10to help peek beyond good and evil a little bit?
00:19:12And is he more enthusiastic about what he's allowed to be opened up,
00:19:17the doors he's opening?
00:19:19Of course there will be a dark side to the dark web.
00:19:23And if we want to enable this true crypto-anarchic future,
00:19:26anyone who's working on that, I think, has to reckon with the fact
00:19:29that they are going to be enabling really nasty things,
00:19:33along with this kind of information freedom revolution
00:19:36that they're taking part in.
00:19:38By August of 2012, business was booming.
00:19:41The Silk Road had become a thriving, anonymous,
00:19:44and unregulated black market.
00:19:46The internet being used in this way posed a major threat
00:19:49to the government, greater perhaps than selling drugs.
00:19:52Even as a law enforcement officer, I still wouldn't know where to go
00:19:56and buy crack on the streets or buy heroin,
00:20:00but I do know how to go online and find it.
00:20:02It's downloading some software, and next thing you know, you're there,
00:20:05and you can purchase a service or drugs very easily.
00:20:09Since when does a teenager become obsessed with the daily mail delivery?
00:20:13Fidgeting and pacing made this Fisher's mom suspicious.
00:20:17So when her family's mail arrived, she grabbed it and found a cartoon DVD box
00:20:22addressed to her son with something extra, a package of white crystals.
00:20:26So she confronted her 14-year-old, and both their lives changed forever.
00:20:30I don't think anybody really cared in law enforcement until Senator Schumer went,
00:20:34oh my God, we gotta do something about this.
00:20:36Today I'm calling on the DEA and the Department of Justice
00:20:39to immediately shut this site down before more damage is done.
00:20:42Because if you think about what law enforcement at the federal level has to do
00:20:46to even start a case, I don't think this case would have been started
00:20:49if it wasn't for some political impetus by, you know, a senator saying,
00:20:53we need to look into this.
00:20:54The FBI today shut down what it's calling the most sophisticated internet site
00:20:59in the business of selling hard drugs, including heroin, cocaine, and LSD.
00:21:04Anyone trying to log on to the website today found this notice shut down by the FBI.
00:21:09It was a sophisticated electronic smoke screen, and it took federal agents almost two years.
00:21:15They were able to infiltrate the site, but they made some of these purchases
00:21:18themselves using undercover identities.
00:21:21The secretive dread pirate Roberts was arrested in the most unlikely of places,
00:21:26this local public library in this San Francisco neighborhood.
00:21:29The FBI seized $3.6 million of Bitcoin's biggest hole in its five-year history.
00:21:48When the criminal complaint first appeared in October, it describes this 29-year-old kid named Ross Ulbricht.
00:21:59Not only do they say that he has run this billion-dollar-plus black market conspiracy,
00:22:04and they accused him of drug trafficking and money laundering, and somehow computer hacking charges as well,
00:22:09which is something that I had never associated with the Silk Road.
00:22:13But then also, in this criminal complaint, there is outlined his plot to pay for the murders of a potential informant and a blackmailer.
00:22:23It seems at least one Silk Road user threatened to reveal the identities of thousands of others.
00:22:28So, investigators say Ulbricht tried to execute a murder-for-hire on that user,
00:22:34offering $150,000 to a would-be hitman because, quote,
00:22:38This kind of behavior is unforgivable to me, especially here on Silk Road. Anonymity is sacrosanct.
00:22:45It threw me for a loop. It was really not the dread pirate Roberts that I had ever imagined.
00:22:50This connection between Ross Ulbricht, who plenty of evidence suggests that he was involved in the Silk Road.
00:22:56They, after all, seized his laptop while he was logged into the Silk Road. He was caught red-handed.
00:23:01But these two personalities, these two personas, do seem to be almost schizophrenic.
00:23:07It's so difficult to imagine that they are the same person.
00:23:10And so, the FBI's whole case is based on the idea of if they can show that dread pirate Roberts is Ross Ulbricht?
00:23:17Right. That's the most important part, right?
00:23:19Because he was trying to hide his identity on the site as well.
00:23:22So, the first thing they're going to have to do is definitively link him as the person who runs the site.
00:23:31Oh, man. It was yesterday, actually. I was on my computer, and I was on Facebook.
00:23:40And there's this guy that I know, and he's very into, like, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies and stuff like that.
00:23:47And he posts this article, and it says, Ross Ulbricht arrested.
00:23:51And I pull up Lynn's G-chat, and I'm like, what is going on?
00:23:56Like, why am I looking at Ross's picture, you know, about being arrested? What is this?
00:24:02She says, we don't even know. We're leaving Costa Rica right now.
00:24:05I mean, they were on their way, but blew my mind. I mean, totally blew my mind.
00:24:10Ross William Ulbricht grew up in a suburb of Austin, the only son of Kirk and Lynn, with an older sister named Callie.
00:24:22It's a loving, tight-knit, middle-class family.
00:24:25The Ulbrichts earned their income from properties they built and rent on the Costa Rican coast.
00:24:30Ross was an avid outdoorsman, an Eagle Scout like his father, and displayed an early aptitude for math.
00:24:37Ross earned a full scholarship to the University of Texas at Dallas, studying physics.
00:24:43He graduated in 2006, and then won another full scholarship to Penn State,
00:24:48to pursue a master's in material science and engineering.
00:24:52It was at Penn State that Ross began a deep interest in libertarianism,
00:24:56particularly the work of Ludwig von Mises and the Austrian School of Economics.
00:25:01Yet by 2009, having completed his master's, Ross seemed to be having a change of life plan.
00:25:06Telling his mother he no longer had an interest in pursuing a career in science,
00:25:11and instead wanted to become an entrepreneur.
00:25:14Ross moved back to Austin and opened his own used book company, Good Wagon,
00:25:18donating a portion of the proceeds to an inner city youth program and to a prison literacy project.
00:25:24I remember him saying, when we had coffee, the last time we saw each other,
00:25:29I remember him saying that he wished he had joined a fraternity in college.
00:25:34And I remember saying, well, that's surprising. You know, I didn't really understand that perspective.
00:25:38And I just remember him thinking, well, he focused a lot on his studies in school and maybe didn't create the social network that he was looking for in school.
00:25:52But as far as where we saw each other going or where we saw ourselves going, I think we both had a strong desire to be in control of our destiny.
00:26:05You know, again, like when he started the book company, totally natural.
00:26:09Not even something that I would have questioned, where there are a lot of people that would never start their own business.
00:26:13But for Ross, sure, you know, why not?
00:26:16But the business floundered and Ross eventually shut it down.
00:26:20And if a post on his LinkedIn page was any indication, Ross had experienced a kind of epiphany on the next way forward.
00:26:27Albrecht wrote,
00:26:28Now my goals have shifted.
00:26:30I want to use economic theory as a means to abolish the use of coercion and aggression amongst mankind.
00:26:36To that end, I am creating an economic simulation to give people a first-hand experience of what it would be like to live in a world without the systemic use of force.
00:26:46From this moment in late 2010, Ross became something of a free spirit, eventually leaving his parents' home in Austin to live with his sister Callie in Sydney, Australia, and then returning briefly to Austin.
00:26:57Throughout this period, as far as his family knew, Ross' means of employment was working on freelance projects in computer finance.
00:27:05I am Rene Pinnell, age 29.
00:27:08Today is December 6, 2012.
00:27:11And we are in the Jewish Contemporary Art Museum.
00:27:15And relationship to partner is best friend.
00:27:21So Ross, how did you come to live in San Francisco?
00:27:24Uh, you twisted my arm until I said,
00:27:28Ah, fine, I'll come.
00:27:30I get a phone call from Rene, Ross, call me up, I got an opportunity for you.
00:27:35I'm like, okay.
00:27:36And he's like, yeah, I'm doing this startup here in San Francisco.
00:27:39Um, I want you to be a part of it.
00:27:42The more I thought about it and the more he, um, laid out the pros and cons,
00:27:46uh, uh, the more it all just seemed like cosmic and the right thing to do.
00:27:52So, um, yeah, I bought my ticket and two weeks later I showed up at his doorstep.
00:27:59As Ross Ulbricht was making his way from Australia to Austin and eventually to San Francisco,
00:28:04the Silk Road was online and growing steadily.
00:28:07So naturally it sparked the attention of federal law enforcement and specifically the wing of the DHS,
00:28:12called Homeland Security Investigations, housed in the old Customs House in Baltimore, Maryland.
00:28:18You have postal inspectors in Seattle and Customs and Border Protection, uh, intercepting mail shipments
00:28:25coming from overseas, full of drugs, full of, uh, full of currency.
00:28:29And one thing that happens is they all lead back to the Silk Road.
00:28:33And you have a number of independent investigations sort of cropping up around the same timeframe,
00:28:41following different leads, but all leading back to the same place.
00:28:45At the same time, the New York Cybercrime Division of the FBI began their own investigation,
00:28:50headed by Agent Chris Tarbell.
00:28:53There were people essentially online 24-7 as part of the team that was monitoring and gathering
00:28:59even just the little bits of evidence.
00:29:01Informants were activated.
00:29:03The site was crawling with law enforcement posing as vendors and buyers
00:29:06from the very beginning of Silk Road's existence.
00:29:09In early 2012, HSI partnered with Tarbell's FBI investigators as well as the DEA
00:29:16to mount an undercover operation called Marco Polo,
00:29:19with the intention of penetrating the inner sanctum of the Silk Road.
00:29:23I had a package seized from China in January 2012 and thought nothing of it.
00:29:27I kept business as usual, which was a stupid move.
00:29:30Fast forward to June 28, 2012, I was raided by ATF, DEA, Secret Service,
00:29:36local police department, and even a postal inspector.
00:29:39I was not detained.
00:29:41Rather, I was held in a van outside for what they call investigative detention.
00:29:45They kept me out of jail.
00:29:47I was never booked or charged because my seized computers were more useful to them
00:29:51if I was not behind bars.
00:29:52I'm also assuming they did this with a number of Silk Road vendors to get a sort of organized crime ring of their own.
00:29:58The operation gained traction when an undercover agent using the vendor name of Knob
00:30:03was allegedly able to establish direct communication with the dread pirate Roberts,
00:30:07which would lead to a shocking turn of events.
00:30:10Knob complained to DPR about the small fry nature of most deals on the Silk Road.
00:30:15It really isn't worth it to do below 10 kilos, the agent wrote.
00:30:20DPR offered to help find a buyer for Knob and allegedly turned to one of his most trusted partners,
00:30:25known only as Chronic Pain, to put the deal together.
00:30:28Chronic Pain had been one of the core administrators of the Silk Road from the beginning,
00:30:32a frequent contributor to the forums who share the Silk Road vision for reducing harm in the drug trade.
00:30:37But these halcyon days were about to end.
00:30:40In order to facilitate this drug deal, Chronic Pain gave the informant his home address.
00:30:45Federal agents immediately apprehended Chronic Pain at his Salt Lake City home
00:30:50and were surprised to discover that this 47-year-old family man named Curtis Clark Green was a Darknet criminal.
00:30:57At some point, they were going to catch one of those people.
00:30:59And what do you do in a typical drug case?
00:31:01You roll that person over as a cooperating witness.
00:31:03And in this case, one of them, they got really lucky.
00:31:06And he was an administrator on the system.
00:31:09Green had access to other Silk Road users' accounts and financial records, including Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:31:15I have to assume he will sing, DPR wrote to Knob, the undercover agent. I'd like him beat up.
00:31:21Then the next day, he allegedly wrote,
00:31:23Can you change the order to execute rather than torture?
00:31:27A murder was staged, and a photograph of Green's bloody body was sent to DPR, who paid for the hit, in Bitcoin.
00:31:34There would be five more alleged murders for hire, including ordered hits against a blackmailer, a scammer, and an apparent contract with the Hells Angels.
00:31:43The names of two of these victims were found to be fictitious, and authorities have no evidence of any murders being carried out.
00:31:50The alleged attempted murder of Curtis Green allowed the authorities to obtain an indictment against Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:31:56Charging him with drug offenses, attempted witness murder, and murder for hire.
00:32:01Of course, they still had no idea who the Dread Pirate Roberts actually was.
00:32:05So the embedded agents continued to communicate with DPR, and DPR continued to respond.
00:32:11In June of 2013, Ross moved into an apartment that he found on Craigslist.
00:32:18Allegedly, he did not give his roommates his real name, and was known as Joshua Terry.
00:32:23At the same time, IRS agent Gary Alford was investigating the Silk Road, and through a simple Google search,
00:32:30was able to locate an early email on the open internet discussing the launch of the Silk Road marketplace,
00:32:36and connect that email to an account owned by Ross Albrecht.
00:32:40One month later, postal inspectors at the Canadian border seized a package of fake IDs with Ross' image
00:32:47that were en route to his home address.
00:32:51Ross was visited at his apartment by several DHS agents.
00:32:55The agents handed Ross a false California driver's license that bore his picture but a different name.
00:33:01Albrecht denied ownership or knowledge of the fake IDs, and the agents simply left.
00:33:07If you suspect somebody may be involved in a large-scale criminal enterprise,
00:33:13going and knocking on a door with some, you know, some evidence of fake IDs is important,
00:33:18because you can see the guy face to face, you may get some useful information out of an interview,
00:33:24you may or may not want to take him into custody on the spot.
00:33:27Let's sit back and let's really go after this in a, you know, much more global way, if you will,
00:33:34because there's a lot more here than just one count of, you know, fake IDs.
00:33:39The next big break in the case would be achieved by FBI agent Tarbell and his cyber crime team,
00:33:45who had somehow located the Silk Road servers in Germany and Iceland.
00:33:49How these hidden servers were found has been a matter of controversy,
00:33:52but the FBI had their own copy of the Silk Road server,
00:33:56and now they hope to finally unmask the Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:34:00I decided that there was a flaw in this setup somewhere.
00:34:02I couldn't quite put my finger on it, but there was a flaw, and I called up my partner,
00:34:07and said, uh, there's a flaw. We've got a limited amount of time.
00:34:10We need to make our money and get out now.
00:34:12Over the course of a year, a Chicago-based agent from the DHS named Jared Deriegian had been embedded in the Silk Road,
00:34:20now posing as a high-ranking moderator named Cirrus.
00:34:24With both the evidence connecting Ross to the launch of the Silk Road and the incident with the fake IDs,
00:34:29Ross became one of the primary suspects.
00:34:32On October 1st, in a coordinated effort between Deriegian from the DHS and Tarbell's FBI squad,
00:34:40a sting operation was launched.
00:34:42According to Deriegian's testimony, he staked out Ross' new residence,
00:34:46and using his pseudonym of Cirrus, Deriegian initiated a conversation on the Silk Road with DPR.
00:34:52Moments later, Ross went to the Glen Park Library, apparently to use their Wi-Fi,
00:34:58and when Deriegian saw that DPR was logged back into the Silk Road,
00:35:02he gave the order for Tarbell and his squad to move in.
00:35:05It's an excitement that you couldn't even buy off Silk Road.
00:35:08Uh, all the drugs you could buy on the site, you, you, you, you,
00:35:11it's not the same excitement as catching the guy. It's an adrenaline rush.
00:35:14Ross was apprehended before he could encrypt his laptop.
00:35:17He was allegedly logged into a Silk Road administration panel
00:35:21for customers needing DPR's attention.
00:35:24He was a dream for drug users because he was very technically adept,
00:35:28and he was able to hide both the website that he put together
00:35:33and the actual sales of illegal drugs that the drug sellers would make on his website.
00:35:41The Silk Road was seized and shut down,
00:35:43and charges were announced against a number of core partners and vendors from the site.
00:35:47Ross was held for over a month in a jail in Oakland,
00:35:50awaiting extradition to New York.
00:35:53Ross's family was able to raise over a million dollars for his bail,
00:35:57but the prosecution argued that due to the alleged murders for hire,
00:36:01Ross was too dangerous to release, and so his bail was denied.
00:36:05I thought it was the wrong decision.
00:36:07He wouldn't have been a flight risk, and he's never been and is not a danger to anyone.
00:36:11For him to say, well, I'm gonna, you know, put a hit out on someone, it's ludicrous.
00:36:17I could understand it being one of these other DPR workers,
00:36:21getting all egotistical and crazy and maniacal and doing it.
00:36:28That I could see.
00:36:30There was more than one person using the DPR account?
00:36:33I believe it was at least two other people, if not three at one point.
00:36:40Doesn't matter.
00:36:41That's why they're judging up this, you know, hit, you know, contract, you know, baloney.
00:36:49But, you know, because of the involvement of the senator and all that other shit, they're gonna cut them.
00:36:58The data seized from the Silk Road servers included all internal private messages,
00:37:02which revealed that many people collectively ran the site.
00:37:06One vendor with the user named Variety Jones was active from the beginning of the Silk Road.
00:37:11Jones gave many of the orders for running the Silk Road,
00:37:14even instructing the systems administrator to create the Dread Pirate Roberts' persona.
00:37:19But Ross Ulbricht remained the primary focus of the investigation.
00:37:24Ross has been incarcerated for over a year in the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, awaiting trial.
00:37:31Six weeks of that time was in solitary confinement.
00:37:34Ross pled not guilty and denied being the Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:37:38His trial was set for November 10, 2014, in New York City.
00:37:43If convicted, Ross faces a minimum sentence of 30 years, with a maximum sentence of life in prison.
00:37:50Are you taking a video?
00:37:52Mm-hmm.
00:37:53He's a hairy fucker.
00:37:56These big guys are generally not too, uh...
00:37:59I would let him off somewhere.
00:38:01Where is he?
00:38:03You know, it's hard. It's hard on a family.
00:38:06It really is.
00:38:07Especially when you love that person so much and you believe in them so much,
00:38:10and you have such a daunting goliath of an opponent.
00:38:14It's...it's, uh, challenging.
00:38:16It's kind of like a death, in a way, when you go like,
00:38:19no, that can't be true, and then you're like, oh, yeah, it's true.
00:38:21And you go through that kind of shock.
00:38:23His dad, my husband, um, of course he's trying to keep our business going so we have livelihood.
00:38:28And, um, his sister is in, um, Australia, and she's been helping too from there.
00:38:33I'm Ross's sister, and I can tell you he has been a man of his word and honor all his life.
00:38:38I was shocked to hear the news of his arrest, but felt even more dismayed at what the media was writing about him, not even knowing him.
00:38:48You know, I read things by people who don't have a clue who Ross really is.
00:38:52He's been tried and convicted in the media.
00:38:57Nothing has been proven at all.
00:39:00I don't know what's happened to the presumption of innocence in this country,
00:39:03but it is a constitutional right here that we are innocent until proven guilty.
00:39:07Ross sent me this picture of himself about a week ago.
00:39:10It was taken a couple weeks ago in prison.
00:39:13I guess sometimes they go around and take pictures for the families.
00:39:17He is doing well, uh, as well as can be expected, of course, under the circumstances.
00:39:22And finally, after five months of delays, he has had access to the discovery, the evidence that the prosecution has.
00:39:31And so he's been working very hard going through that.
00:39:34We are asking the prosecution, how did you find the server?
00:39:38And they're not saying.
00:39:40Um, we have to know how they found the server in order to see if Ross's Fourth Amendment rights have been violated.
00:39:46And how would anyone know if the evidence had been tampered with or anything else if it's not revealed how they found the server?
00:39:54There were 14 searches and seizures in this case, which is a, a fishing expedition into a person's total property.
00:40:04Unlimited rummaging through all of their things to see what they can find.
00:40:08When the criminal complaints first appeared in October, I think the supporters of the Dread Pirate Roberts and the Silk Road just scattered.
00:40:16Because suddenly this thing that had seemed like an idealistic community built around nonviolence and, you know, libertarian free commerce,
00:40:24suddenly seemed instead like this bloody criminal conspiracy.
00:40:27And a guy who probably otherwise would have been a kind of political cause celeb who would have had all of these supporters calling for his freedom,
00:40:39instead was treated as a, was an immediate pariah.
00:40:43He was seen as a criminal.
00:40:44So there's a lot of, um, circumstantial, uh, evidence, if you want to call it that.
00:40:50There's a lot of technical bits and pieces involved.
00:40:53It got really crazy in the middle of that.
00:40:55It's sort of, one thing is taking down this online drug market.
00:40:58Another thing is pinning a number of murders for hires on top of it.
00:41:01It just seems really, really far-fetched.
00:41:03The 29-year-old seemingly clean-cut entrepreneur was living a secret life as a digital drug lord.
00:41:11They're claiming that he's living in a manner of a, of a head of a cartel.
00:41:14The distinctions between Ross Ulbricht and the head of a cartel.
00:41:17You don't have to see too many movies to, to recognize what the differences are here.
00:41:22Then when the indictment finally came out, there were suddenly no charges around these murder-for-hire accusations,
00:41:28only the drug trafficking and money laundering and computer hacking.
00:41:32They had six charges. They used them against him to deprive him of bail.
00:41:37And yet, two and a half months later, uh, the prosecutor didn't indict him.
00:41:42What they did instead was they called it an uncharged crime.
00:41:45Well, if something's a crime, don't you charge someone for it?
00:41:48And if it's not a crime, why is it there?
00:41:51Because it's prejudicial to a jury to have that sitting there, unproven, just, just smearing him.
00:41:59The portrayal they want is of someone who they can present to a jury as not having redeeming value.
00:42:06It's a way of poisoning the atmosphere so that the jury doesn't focus on the allegations,
00:42:13but focuses on this atmospheric that the government has created that, in some sense, is a diversion appealing to the emotional aspect of it,
00:42:20so that, uh, if the proof is weak, the benefit of the doubt doesn't go to the defendant where it belongs under the presumption of innocence,
00:42:26but it goes to the government because, hey, there are these awful things lurking out there which aren't part of what we're supposed to find.
00:42:32The government doesn't have to prove them beyond a reasonable doubt, but they've injected them in the case in a way that is toxic to an impartial evaluation of what the evidence is on the charged crimes.
00:42:42So people come in with a preconceived notion, and that's halfway there to guilt.
00:42:46Previously, the murder for hire was in there as a charge, and then it was dropped, but it's not gone away.
00:42:52It's included as what they call an overt act in the conspiracy to sell drugs.
00:42:58And so they actually made it one of the things to support the larger drug conspiracy to either get at trial or get him to plead.
00:43:07It seemed like this bait-and-switch that the government had accused him in this almost informal way of murder,
00:43:14so that when he was charged with these nonviolent crimes in the end, he would still be seen as a violent criminal.
00:43:21I think that that has really been effective in coloring the portrait of Ross Ulbricht.
00:43:30Ever since Ross's arrest, he and his best friend, René Pinnell, have remained in regular contact.
00:43:36René declined to give substantive interviews to the press for fear they would be used against Ross in court,
00:43:42but agreed to answer questions via email.
00:43:51I was surprised to see you some kind of updates, and I'll wait to hear you later.
00:43:59I was shocked at the public meeting of the day and I said,
00:44:06I've been paused to see you some kind of people on the line.
00:44:10And I was shocked at the public meeting of the day and I've been asked for you now.
00:44:13I'm a little deep, but I'm stuck.
00:44:28Here is my handle, here is my sound.
00:44:31When I hear you hear me shout, dip me over and pour me out.
00:44:38Yay!
00:44:39Because of the severity of the charges, Ross was not able to grant an interview from prison,
00:44:47which left only a scattering of his personal photographs and movies.
00:44:51But from the exhaustive discussions with friends and family, and the public knowledge of Ross' trajectory,
00:44:57from physics and engineering major to running a small homespun bookselling company,
00:45:01it was difficult to understand how he could possibly have been the sole mastermind of the Silk Road,
00:45:06a vast and complex internet service with over a million users worldwide.
00:45:12Ross was certainly bright and studious with a deep interest in libertarian economic theory,
00:45:16which clearly echoed the mandate and philosophy of many of the posts of the Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:45:21But he had no experience whatsoever in computer coding or scaling large internet companies.
00:45:26So how did Ross connect to what little is truly known about the Dread Pirate Roberts?
00:45:31D.P.R. was motivated by a pacifistic philosophy and an agenda of creating victimless exchange and reduced harm in the drug trade.
00:45:40This ethos would be embraced by the chief architects and vendors of the Silk Road and reverberate through the entire community.
00:45:46There were quite a few people that I didn't sell to, just because I could tell that they were obviously not mature enough to handle using these drugs and didn't know enough.
00:45:57It was like, go read first, go figure it out, then come back to me and I'll sell you something.
00:46:05But I'm not going to pop your cherry and kill you, potentially.
00:46:09But heroin in particular, I was very careful around who I sold it to because it was not stepped on.
00:46:16I mean, it was the best town on my Silk Road.
00:46:19The Silk Road appeared to be a successful experiment in creating a pacifistic community overseen by a figurehead with a deep-rooted ideology.
00:46:27But these core ideals of the Dread Pirate Roberts were completely at odds with the murder-for-hire allegations.
00:46:33Did D.P.R. become corrupted and turn his back on the mandate of non-violence and harm reduction?
00:46:39Were there other people using the D.P.R. account who were responsible for these actions?
00:46:44Or was there some other truth behind these alleged murder hits that produced no victims?
00:46:57We don't know the first piece of evidence that led the feds down this chain of investigation to the San Francisco library where Ross Ulbricht was arrested.
00:47:10All we know is that at some point they located the Silk Road servers in a data center in Iceland and imaged them.
00:47:17They copied all the data off of them and seized them.
00:47:20But we don't know how they found those servers.
00:47:22The whole idea of the Silk Road was that it ran as a Tor hidden service, which means that Tor protected its physical location and made it very difficult to locate the computers that ran it.
00:47:33So the mystery of how the FBI or the DEA or possibly the NSA located those servers is still unsolved.
00:47:41And in fact, it hasn't been mentioned in any of the legal documents surrounding Ross Ulbricht's trial.
00:47:47I think his defense has seized on this as something that the government doesn't want to talk about.
00:47:53And if that's the case, then it does raise these Fourth Amendment issues of can the government use essentially hacking techniques to dig up evidence on a criminal suspect?
00:48:05And if so, what kinds of warrant do they need?
00:48:07If, in fact, there was some kind of violation of the Fourth Amendment in that initial part of the investigation that really was the first clue that led them down this entire chain to the arrest of Ross Ulbricht,
00:48:19it could be a giant problem for the prosecution that then taints every other piece of evidence that they found subsequently.
00:48:25The government has prosecuted other people for doing essentially what the government did here, which is trying to get underneath the public face of a website.
00:48:39And they have alleged that getting that information that's not supposed to be publicly accessible by sophisticated computer inquiries or activities,
00:48:48that that is a violation of federal law.
00:48:52So here, and that's why they always say, well, you didn't do anything wrong, we didn't do anything violation,
00:48:55but they really know what's at stake here because they've actually prosecuted people for the same thing.
00:49:01And the government's affidavit, the affidavit from Agent Tarbell about how they got to the Silk Road servers,
00:49:06has been met with incredulousness by the Internet community.
00:49:10The Tarbell declaration, to put it politely, seems vaguely disconnected from the truth.
00:49:17If you, depending on which security expert you ask, you will get it's vaguely disconnected to the truth to something filled with it is a massive pile of bovine excrement.
00:49:28What Tarbell's story was, is he was typing away his computer, visiting the Silk Road website,
00:49:34and the CAPTCHA was transmitted in the clear, and he was somehow saw the IP packets go directly to the server.
00:49:42And so he then connects to that server and gets the CAPTCHA.
00:49:45Game over, they found the backend server.
00:49:48Unfortunately, this was playing fast and loose with the truth.
00:49:53Because the logs provided to the defense show that what Tarbell found was not the CAPTCHA image, but instead a PHP My Admin page.
00:50:06The server was running some stuff over the clear, but not the CAPTCHA.
00:50:10So Tarbell's story doesn't mesh with the FBI's own evidence.
00:50:14They hacked his servers, and with that access, could essentially do whatever they wanted, given just the institutional pressure to take this thing down.
00:50:23It's naive to think that they did it.
00:50:28Of course it's on the table that this is how they discovered him.
00:50:30I mean, he was dealing with Tor.
00:50:31He was dealing with all these technologies, which we know are the subjects of NSA investigation, as revealed by Edward Snowden.
00:50:37It's at least reasonable to assume that there's been this kind of parallel construction or interference, or, like, not playing by the rules that the state deals out for you to play with.
00:50:45But then again, we all know that it deals the cards.
00:50:48It runs the game anyway.
00:50:50It's naive to think that this wasn't an available option.
00:50:55The issue is whether the agent could have done what he said he did.
00:50:59The theory that's been brought forward in the testimony by the individual agents that did it, they were able to manipulate part of the server to cough up an address that shouldn't have been given up.
00:51:12And that address came back to Iceland, and that server there was hosting the Silk Road hidden service.
00:51:19I think we're not going to know until we go to trial, and we may never know for sure.
00:51:23There's always this balance of trying to be forward-leaning in your investigative techniques and making sure that you don't trample on rights at the same time.
00:51:33You want to stay well within the bounds of your legal authority, because if you step over the line, the evidence is going to be tossed.
00:51:41It's not going to be admissible in court, and you may wind up jeopardizing the outcome of an entire investigation.
00:51:46And so I think what agencies will try and do is they'll want to step right up to the line, maybe get a little bit of chalk on their toes, but don't step over it.
00:51:55Ross's lawyer made a motion to dismiss the case based on the disputed seizure of the Silk Road servers,
00:52:01arguing that admitting this material not only violates his client's Fourth Amendment rights,
00:52:06but would set a dangerous precedent for the rights to privacy of all citizens.
00:52:10The judge, Catherine Forrest, sided with the prosecution, stating that the Tarbell Declaration was acceptable, and the motion was denied.
00:52:24Search and seizure law in the digital age really doesn't have the limitations on it that it does in the physical space.
00:52:33And we see it not only in the search and seizure laws, like what is the standard upon which they can come and grab your computer?
00:52:41What kind of searches can they do on your computer once they have it?
00:52:44Do they just get everything?
00:52:45We see this at the border, or we see this at search incident to arrest.
00:52:49People now carry around smartphones that have their whole lives in them.
00:52:53And if they get stopped, law enforcement is certainly right now in a lot of places taking the position
00:52:58that absolutely anything that's connected, that's on that device, including logging into your accounts
00:53:04that you can log into from that device, is fair game.
00:53:08If the prosecution gets away with this warrantless seizure of Americans' data, as well as all these other foreigners,
00:53:15it could have a lasting precedent for how the Fourth Amendment works in the digital age.
00:53:20I think that that, in fact, may be the most lasting effect of the Silk Road.
00:53:24Generally, what happens in the criminal law field is that there's some case of major proportion
00:53:33that is used as a means of changing rules or expanding exceptions to constitutional protections.
00:53:41And once it's there, once the precedent is set, it then trickles down very quickly and very easily
00:53:45into all sorts of ordinary cases where, you know, the ends justify the means.
00:53:49Then all of a sudden, it's now spread.
00:53:51The average citizen may say, well, why is this important to me?
00:53:54Why do I care?
00:53:55I'm not buying drugs on the network.
00:53:57Nobody I know is buying drugs on the network.
00:53:59But it's not just about that.
00:54:00We're a democracy.
00:54:01And informed citizens understand they have a right to privacy
00:54:07and that the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
00:54:12Information has to be encrypted.
00:54:14And that goes from a large corporation down to an individual.
00:54:18And so for those who are arguing that information should not be encrypted, certainly that makes
00:54:24it easier for law enforcement to combat, but it also makes it easier for the cybercriminals
00:54:31to attack.
00:54:32It makes total sense that criminals are among the early wave, along with the sort of paranoid
00:54:36people, of these new tools and services.
00:54:39But that doesn't mean that they're the only people using these services.
00:54:41You know, there are a hell of a lot of journalists that I know and regularly communicate with now
00:54:45over Tor.
00:54:46But, you know, for the people who oppose this technology, who see it as a threat, the fact
00:54:51that criminals use it is a great way to demonize it.
00:54:55I definitely do believe that there are people in the U.S. that don't think that the government
00:54:58is doing anything wrong.
00:55:00It's not necessarily something that you're concerned with or that you care too much about
00:55:03or that you're really passionate about until you're standing right in the middle of it.
00:55:07And it's something far more dangerous than any website could ever be.
00:55:11It's what our government has become and how they operate.
00:55:14This goes back to that question of the government kind of trying to treat the internet differently
00:55:18without following the same kind of judicial processes.
00:55:23Well, the Supreme Court has proven that they do not agree.
00:55:26You know, recently with Riley v. California with an illegal search of a cell phone.
00:55:31Precedent can be set that will limit their ability to infringe on our rights.
00:55:36Someone asked how her political views have shifted.
00:55:41Because suddenly she's standing right in the middle of Tor, Bitcoin, the war on drugs, online anonymity, encryption.
00:55:50And she's had to learn a lot of different things.
00:55:54And also not only just the legal system, but everything around the technology and the case.
00:55:59After over a year in prison, Ross delayed the trial two months,
00:56:07stating that important discovery evidence he needed to examine had only just been delivered to him by the prosecution.
00:56:12The FBI shut down what it calls the most sophisticated and extensive criminal marketplace on the internet.
00:56:20But it may be finding new life.
00:56:22The arrest of Ross Ulbrich and closure of the Silk Road did nothing to hamper drug sales on the dark net.
00:56:29Many new markets immediately appeared, including a relaunch of the Silk Road itself,
00:56:33also run by someone calling themselves the Dread Pirate Roberts.
00:56:38And like its predecessor, the second Silk Road also claimed a mandate of reducing violence and harm in drug transactions.
00:56:45The Dread Pirate tweets,
00:56:47Silk Road while under my watch will never harm a soul.
00:56:50If we did, then we are no better than the thugs on the street.
00:56:53The new Dread Pirate Roberts told me that he knows he can't be around forever
00:56:58and when he's gone, someone else, he's confident someone else will step up and fill the void.
00:57:04You could take down the man, but you can't take down the idea.
00:57:07By this time, statistics appeared claiming the first Silk Road had succeeded
00:57:11in its mission of reducing violence in the drug trade.
00:57:14While I was with the Baltimore Police Department in the early 2000s,
00:57:25I had two city officers in uniform killed by drug dealers on the street.
00:57:30And there was a family of seven, a Dawson family on Preston Street.
00:57:35They were killed by one drug dealer in one night, mother, father and five kids.
00:57:38And so as the years in the early 2000s start moving along,
00:57:46I'm continuing to think about this from a place of violence
00:57:49and beginning to realize that our policies of drug prohibition
00:57:53were actually counterproductive to public safety.
00:57:56The one thing that I signed on for,
00:57:59to improve, to better public safety in our neighborhoods,
00:58:02was making it worse.
00:58:03And I found a large number of police officers and judges
00:58:09and criminal prosecutors and DEA agents and FBI
00:58:14who think the same way.
00:58:16If Baltimore moved from street corners to online services,
00:58:20oh my God, you know how many shootings,
00:58:22how many fewer shootings we would have every year,
00:58:24which equate to fewer homicides?
00:58:27Number one, it removes the buyer
00:58:29from the back alleys and from the street corners
00:58:33and from those dangerous places of dealing with the seller.
00:58:37Buying it over the internet where it's delivered to you
00:58:39removes you from that scenario.
00:58:41One of the interesting things that having an online market does
00:58:44is that it makes sellers much more accountable to buyers.
00:58:47And one of the really interesting innovations
00:58:49is the whole review system
00:58:50where buyers can review the sellers
00:58:53and the items that they bought on these marketplaces.
00:58:57And what that does is it makes sellers more accountable
00:59:00and it lets buyers,
00:59:02it gives buyers a way to assess both the quality,
00:59:06the purity, and the potency of the drugs they're getting.
00:59:08It makes these transactions much more safe for the buyers.
00:59:13But we're shutting them down,
00:59:15attempting to shut them down
00:59:17because we will never shut them down.
00:59:19We've been at this drug war now for over four decades.
00:59:23And what has happened since then?
00:59:25At the beginning, it was just the cartels
00:59:27and organized crime making a ton of money.
00:59:29Today, they make globally $322 billion off of this industry.
00:59:34Corporate America is also now in the game.
00:59:37Private prisons.
00:59:38Okay, Corrections Corporation of America.
00:59:40About a year ago,
00:59:41they gave out $675 million in dividends to the shareholders.
00:59:46Drug testing companies.
00:59:47It's now become a multi-billion dollar industry.
00:59:51And who gets tested?
00:59:52Those who are in prison
00:59:53or under the control of our criminal justice programs
00:59:56on parole and probation.
00:59:58So corporate America is making a lot of money.
01:00:00What about law enforcement?
01:00:01Law enforcement is making a ton of money.
01:00:03The government's 1033 program,
01:00:05you know, where we get armored vehicles
01:00:08and machine guns
01:00:09and whatever we want of the surplus military equipment,
01:00:12that's because of the drug war.
01:00:14Over the years, we've seen these huge bureaucracies build up
01:00:18around the drug war, around prosecuting the drug war.
01:00:21You've got the Drug Enforcement Agency.
01:00:23You've got the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
01:00:25So a lot of the opposition is just rooted in self-interest
01:00:30among places like the FBI and the DEA,
01:00:33where if you're telling somebody
01:00:34who's been in the FBI for 30 years
01:00:36that drugs are no longer a priority,
01:00:39that's an existential threat to them.
01:00:40That kind of takes away their whole reason for existence.
01:00:42You really have to think about the danger
01:00:45of some of these drugs,
01:00:47the severe danger of addiction,
01:00:50the havoc that it, you know,
01:00:52that it reaps on families and, you know,
01:00:54children and careers.
01:00:57And so to say that, you know,
01:00:59we need to step back and liberalize,
01:01:01well, that's one approach you can take,
01:01:04but then you've got to look at a cause and effect.
01:01:06If we do this,
01:01:07what are the second and third order effects?
01:01:09The FBI, our federal government,
01:01:15they're going to go in
01:01:15and they're shutting these places down.
01:01:17Do you know what?
01:01:18New ones just open up.
01:01:19Because there's so much money to be made,
01:01:21they'll continue to open up
01:01:22and it's just a dog chasing its tail.
01:01:25We're a team
01:01:36and we've been working on this thing together
01:01:37right from the start.
01:01:40The way it's affected me
01:01:41is in some ways very much the same
01:01:44as it affects Lynn,
01:01:45but I don't have to go out there
01:01:46and talk to reporters.
01:01:48And we've,
01:01:49we kind of set it up that way.
01:01:51It's hard enough having your,
01:01:53your loved one in prison,
01:01:55but then the whole media thing
01:01:57is, is, it definitely adds a pressure.
01:02:00I've known for a long time
01:02:01that the media
01:02:02wasn't reporting the whole story,
01:02:05that it was skewed.
01:02:08I see what Lynn and I are doing
01:02:09as a, um,
01:02:11as a pushback to that.
01:02:13Ross has been in there a year
01:02:17and he's, he's avoided all violence
01:02:19even though it's been around him.
01:02:22That has matured him for sure.
01:02:26The fact that he's come out
01:02:27of this unscathed so far,
01:02:29uh, speaks volumes.
01:02:31He seems serious.
01:02:33You know, there's a lot at stake.
01:02:35He's, uh,
01:02:37feeling good that we got the extension.
01:02:39He had this mountain
01:02:40of stuff to go through
01:02:41and I felt like
01:02:44it was running out the clock.
01:02:45And now they have,
01:02:47that extra two months has made,
01:02:49has been essential
01:02:49is what he, the word he used.
01:02:51And so I think he feels
01:02:53that, you know,
01:02:54he's, he's much more prepared
01:02:55and, and ready.
01:02:57Yeah, he says he's ready for trial.
01:02:59He's ready to go in there and win.
01:03:04I have also matured
01:03:05in this last year,
01:03:07matured in my thinking
01:03:08about ethics, politics,
01:03:11when I became more and more aware
01:03:15of what the drug war was doing,
01:03:17the tragedy,
01:03:19so many people have been victimized
01:03:22by the drug war.
01:03:23It's a giant mess
01:03:25and it's a story that needs telling.
01:03:28And we're, we've got a,
01:03:29a pulpit in a way
01:03:31to tell it from.
01:03:32It's so weird
01:03:33to be doing all this
01:03:35and it's, it's distracting
01:03:37and it's, it's challenging
01:03:39and you want to do the right thing
01:03:40and then it's all about Ross
01:03:42and then we go and we see him
01:03:43and hug him
01:03:44and talk to him
01:03:45and hold his hand
01:03:45and it's just like Ross.
01:03:48You know,
01:03:48it's such a disconnect
01:03:49and it's just so hard
01:03:51to see him in there.
01:03:58Being in the prison,
01:03:59visiting,
01:04:00it's a very emotional experience
01:04:01because there are all
01:04:03these families there
01:04:04and they get to see
01:04:06their loved one
01:04:07one hour a week
01:04:08and so they're soaking
01:04:10each other up
01:04:11and you're in a room
01:04:12of 150 people
01:04:14sitting side by side,
01:04:16tight packed
01:04:16and there's just
01:04:18all this emotion
01:04:20saturating the atmosphere.
01:04:33The prisoners
01:04:35have segregated themselves
01:04:36but as loved ones
01:04:40coming to visit,
01:04:41there's no sense
01:04:43of segregation,
01:04:44of race at all.
01:04:46We're just 150 people
01:04:49whose hearts are breaking.
01:05:07Of all the Snowden disclosures
01:05:09that have come out to date,
01:05:10the one that will have
01:05:11the greatest long-term impact
01:05:13is the revelation
01:05:14that the NSA
01:05:15has been subverting
01:05:16cryptographic standards
01:05:17and making the internet
01:05:18less secure.
01:05:20That disclosure,
01:05:21those articles
01:05:22have radicalized
01:05:23a new generation
01:05:24of cryptographers,
01:05:25a new generation
01:05:26of computer scientists
01:05:27who are now intent
01:05:28upon building
01:05:29tools and services
01:05:30that can withstand
01:05:32pervasive government surveillance.
01:05:33in the next wave of the darknet.
01:05:35Do you see our wireless
01:05:35from Barclays Bank?
01:05:38They like bitcoins
01:05:39so they're supporting our work.
01:05:41They're providing us
01:05:41with free Wi-Fi
01:05:42from the bank.
01:05:46In the fall of 2014,
01:05:49as Ross was preparing
01:05:50for his trial,
01:05:51a group of hackers,
01:05:52programmers and activists
01:05:54met in a squat
01:05:55in the center of London.
01:05:57This gathering represented
01:05:58the next wave
01:05:59of the darknet,
01:06:00developing new and evolved
01:06:01cryptographic tools
01:06:03that would not be
01:06:04so easily shut down.
01:06:06Open source
01:06:06is incredibly powerful.
01:06:08Open source
01:06:08is responsible
01:06:09for WikiLeaks,
01:06:10Wikipedia,
01:06:11Linux,
01:06:11which runs all of our
01:06:13infrastructure
01:06:14for Firefox,
01:06:15for BitTorrent,
01:06:16for Bitcoin,
01:06:18for all of these,
01:06:19for encryption,
01:06:20for all of these
01:06:20real uses of tech.
01:06:21Not the yuppie,
01:06:23angry birds
01:06:24or silly apps
01:06:25that these people make,
01:06:28you know?
01:06:28Open source
01:06:29is also an example
01:06:30of how we can
01:06:31organize economically
01:06:32an example
01:06:33for the future
01:06:34to build the products
01:06:36we need
01:06:37without needing
01:06:37proprietary industry,
01:06:39without needing
01:06:40the points of control,
01:06:42without needing
01:06:43masters and slaves
01:06:44and babysitters.
01:06:46It's not enough
01:06:48to build
01:06:49privacy-preserving tools.
01:06:51It's not enough
01:06:52to write revolutionary
01:06:53research papers
01:06:54and design
01:06:55amazing cryptographic primitives.
01:06:57You have to get them
01:06:59into the hands
01:06:59of the users
01:07:00and I think in the future
01:07:02what you'll find
01:07:03is that tools like Tor,
01:07:05tools like OTR,
01:07:07like PGP,
01:07:07like Bitcoin,
01:07:08will be built
01:07:09into the services
01:07:10and applications
01:07:10that you use
01:07:11and you won't know
01:07:12they're there.
01:07:14We want to empower
01:07:15the individual,
01:07:16protect the small guy.
01:07:18We have a mistrust
01:07:19of central authority.
01:07:21We believe in freedom
01:07:22of information.
01:07:23First of all,
01:07:24we had the centralized
01:07:25drug marketplace,
01:07:27Silk Road.
01:07:27the governments
01:07:28went and shut that down
01:07:29and then upspratted
01:07:31dozens of different
01:07:33centralized drug markets
01:07:35and in a game
01:07:37of whack-a-mole
01:07:37they shut down one
01:07:39and now it's dozens
01:07:39and now we're entering
01:07:40the realm of
01:07:41decentralized drug markets
01:07:43with no central operator,
01:07:44no central point of control.
01:07:46What are they going to do?
01:07:47They're going to continue
01:07:51to do these kinds of things
01:07:52and even if it's
01:07:53a distributed network,
01:07:55peer-to-peer
01:07:55is worked continuously
01:07:57by the state
01:07:59and local law enforcement
01:08:00agencies
01:08:00and they arrest people
01:08:01every week.
01:08:03On November 6, 2014,
01:08:06law enforcement agencies
01:08:07around the world
01:08:08launched a coordinated effort
01:08:10called Operation Onimus,
01:08:12seizing hundreds
01:08:12of darknet sites,
01:08:14including the relaunch
01:08:15of the Silk Road.
01:08:16Bruce Schneier,
01:08:17the cryptographer,
01:08:18once said to me,
01:08:19you know,
01:08:20in this cat and mouse game,
01:08:21the mice will win
01:08:22in the end
01:08:22but the cats will be well-fed.
01:08:24I think that that's
01:08:25the way to see it,
01:08:26that this game
01:08:28is going to continue forever.
01:08:30They're always reacting
01:08:31to us
01:08:32and, uh,
01:08:35which is fine,
01:08:37but once they've reacted
01:08:39and they've shored up
01:08:39and they've figured out,
01:08:40you know,
01:08:40those are the new defenses,
01:08:41you're not getting past
01:08:42this one.
01:08:43We just get to sit there
01:08:44and pick at it
01:08:45and get around it again.
01:08:46We're always going to win.
01:08:48We're always going to win.
01:08:50There's a reason
01:08:51the Silk Road
01:08:51was so powerful
01:08:52and I know the cryptos
01:08:53now are riding
01:08:53the kind of automatic
01:08:54Silk Road.
01:08:55Amir helped do this.
01:08:56This is now
01:08:56the peer-to-peer model
01:08:57where there's no one
01:08:58individual administrator
01:08:59and seeing that
01:09:00as the weak point,
01:09:01technically speaking,
01:09:02this is all correct,
01:09:03but there's something
01:09:04kind of,
01:09:05I don't want to make him
01:09:06a hero,
01:09:07like a,
01:09:07I don't want to say
01:09:10that he's a hero,
01:09:10but, you know,
01:09:11DPR recognized
01:09:12what was at stake
01:09:13and he was willing
01:09:15to do the things
01:09:16that most of the libertarians
01:09:17weren't willing to do
01:09:17because he was serious
01:09:18about, I think,
01:09:21what the Silk Road meant.
01:09:24Three weeks
01:09:24before the trial,
01:09:26the issue of the murders
01:09:27for hire suddenly resurfaced.
01:09:29The prosecution announced
01:09:30that due to these allegations,
01:09:32they would not allow
01:09:33Ross' defense
01:09:34to know the identities
01:09:35of their witnesses.
01:09:36The defense responded
01:09:37that using these
01:09:38uncharged crimes
01:09:39in this manner
01:09:40was prejudicial.
01:09:42A hearing was called
01:09:43to resolve the matter.
01:09:47The judge ruled
01:09:49that some of the witnesses
01:09:50won't be made available
01:09:51to the defense
01:09:52until right before the trial.
01:09:54It's based on her saying
01:09:57that Ross might intimidate
01:09:59or even murder people
01:10:01from jail.
01:10:06When all this first happened,
01:10:13I said, well,
01:10:13it would still have been
01:10:14necessary to say that,
01:10:16well, this man's a murderer
01:10:16and he was only out
01:10:18for his own gain
01:10:18and, you know,
01:10:19he had casually,
01:10:21what do you call it,
01:10:21a callous disregard
01:10:22for human life.
01:10:23It's necessary
01:10:24to paint a figure that way
01:10:25rather than to make him
01:10:26a martyr of the war on drugs.
01:10:28I think that's just
01:10:29good planning.
01:10:30I think it's going to be
01:10:31difficult to have
01:10:33a fair trial.
01:10:34If you are innocent
01:10:36until proven guilty,
01:10:37then with all the evidence
01:10:38and all the stories
01:10:39that have been written,
01:10:39I think it's going to be
01:10:40really difficult to find
01:10:42people who are not
01:10:43influenced by any of this
01:10:45at all going into it.
01:10:47The day before the trial,
01:11:04Rouse provided
01:11:04a written statement.
01:11:06It was the closest
01:11:07anyone would get
01:11:07to an actual interview.
01:11:09The day before the trial,
01:11:39and after the trial,
01:11:53what I thought was
01:11:54really difficult to have
01:11:55stood out
01:11:56until now?
01:11:57No?
01:11:58Ross Albrecht went on trial today.
01:12:25The jury will decide a case that could impact the future of internet privacy.
01:12:45I think everyone was surprised that Ross Albrecht and his lawyers took this to trial in the first place instead of just taking a plea deal like pretty much everyone expected.
01:12:52And today we saw why, which is that they've actually got a pretty compelling alternate narrative of how this whole case is played out.
01:13:01The story that Dreytel is telling that Ross did create the Silk Road, which is an amazing admission to begin with, and that the real operator of the Silk Road, the Dread Pirate Roberts, framed him.
01:13:11It's a kind of theory that I'd never heard posed before, that instead of Ross being the Dread Pirate Roberts, he was framed by him.
01:13:20But in many ways, you know, it's something I should have expected because it's what the Dread Pirate Roberts told me when I interviewed him in July of 2013, that he didn't create the Silk Road, that he had inherited it from its creator, kind of like a business acquisition.
01:13:33The FBI has told me that that was Ross Albrecht lying to me. If it is a lie, it would require just a lot of, a lot of foresight and planning, kind of like the, you know, an amazing game of chess or something.
01:13:48In the first days of the trial, the prosecution presented evidence that Ross kept a journal on his laptop, describing his involvement in the Silk Road, and that the Bitcoin seized from his laptop came directly from the site.
01:14:01While the defense would argue that Ross abandoned the Silk Road after creating it, and that the journal and the Bitcoin were planted on his laptop.
01:14:09Andy, you interviewed Dread Pirate Roberts. What's the evidence connecting Dread Pirate Roberts to Albrecht directly?
01:14:14Well, in the first couple of weeks of this trial, which is ongoing now, we've seen that the prosecution has a very strong case. Once they seized his laptop, they found that he had kept a journal.
01:14:23You know, if this is in fact Albrecht's journal, his defense claims it's not. He documented the administration of this site for years. He has a logbook of daily activities.
01:14:31So this is a really tight case. It's going to be very difficult for Albrecht to, to squeeze out of it.
01:14:35Underneath, in the deep web, we have an area where this young man, according to the government, has made a decision that he's going to run an illegal drug empire.
01:14:47And we need to stop you, swift and certain prosecution and ultimate certain punishment.
01:14:53As the trial continued, Dretel planned to reveal the government's own evidence showed they suspected multiple people of running the Silk Road.
01:15:03During his cross-examination of DHS agent Derjagian, Dretel was able to expose that the agent had long suspected another person to be the Dread Pirate Roberts, going so far as to seek a warrant for this suspect.
01:15:15The prosecution protested this entire line of questioning, on the grounds that it was hearsay.
01:15:21The judge sided with the prosecution, and Dretel was no longer allowed to question government witnesses about alternate suspects that came from the government's own evidence.
01:15:30When the time came for Dretel to begin his defense, he intended to use expert witnesses to explain that the complex technology behind encryption and cryptocurrency made it difficult to prove that the journal and the Bitcoin belonged to Ross.
01:15:43The prosecution objected to these witnesses, claiming they should have been made known earlier in the trial, and they were not necessary for the jury's understanding of the case.
01:15:52Once again, the judge sided with the prosecution, stating that this case did not require specialized knowledge.
01:15:59Without expert witnesses, and unable to pursue the government's own evidence of an alternate DPR, Dretel's entire defense was effectively blocked.
01:16:08The trial ended abruptly the next day.
01:16:11The trial of Ross Ulbricht raised more questions than it answered.
01:16:15Did we really know the full truth of the Silk Road case?
01:16:18Would this case set a precedent for the warrantless search of American's digital property?
01:16:22Whatever the ultimate outcome, it was clear that the fall of the Silk Road was not the end of a chapter, but the beginning.
01:16:25And the movement to create tools and services for online privacy is stronger than ever.
01:16:43The trial of Silk Road mastermind Ross Ulbricht concluded when the jury found him guilty on seven different counts, it included three drug charges, as well as computer hacking, money laundering, and even a kingpin charge of continuing a criminal enterprise.
01:16:57Ulbricht faces a minimum of 30 years behind bars, but his defense plans to appeal this decision.
01:17:04Anyone here, all of us, are going to be judged by things for which there is no attribution in real life.
01:17:09There's only attribution on the internet where things can be created, modified, edited, moved, hacked.
01:17:16Was it a fair trial? No, I don't think so.
01:17:19As the actual verdict was read, the word guilty was said seven times.
01:17:25Ross was just staring straight ahead. I don't know what was on his face.
01:17:29But afterwards, he turned back to look at his family and he had this really heartbreaking kind of stoic smile.
01:17:35And he was just, he wasn't crying, but he was just blinking, like, blinking hard.
01:17:40And, uh, and then as he was led away, his mom said, this is not the end.
01:17:47You know, that was it.
01:17:54The evidence against Ulbricht was so powerful.
01:17:57And Traytel's strategy had been to try to cross-examine every government witness
01:18:01and to pull out his alternative story through that cross-examination.
01:18:04And when the judge essentially shut that down and said, you have to limit your cross-examination to the scope of the government's initial questioning,
01:18:14that really prevented him from telling any other story.
01:18:21We have a much more informed perspective than the rest of the world.
01:18:25Uh, we have meetings that we've had with Josh through the last year and three months, uh, regular meetings.
01:18:31We know about how he felt like he, he might win the case, uh, in cross-examination.
01:18:36Uh, we know that the government, that his witnesses were, were, uh, blocked from testifying.
01:18:43Um, we were in the courtroom and we saw what happened and, and the, the, uh, the travesty,
01:18:51the, uh, appalling, um, obstruction of justice that happened.
01:18:55There was 5,000 pages of government evidence to do with one witness alone, Jared Duyagin.
01:19:02None of that was allowed.
01:19:045,000 pages and it was dumped on the defense 10 days before trial.
01:19:08Another 2,500 pages for other witnesses was dumped on the defense a week before trial.
01:19:13And it was full of exculpatory evidence favorable to Ross that was not permitted to be used.
01:19:19All this great, huge field of evidence that came out in the 3,500 material a week before trial that was,
01:19:29that would help prove Ross's innocence was excluded from being brought out in the courtroom.
01:19:37It would have been a whole different case. This was the trial that didn't happen.
01:19:40The trial just didn't happen because it was only the prosecution's narrative that we heard.
01:19:51So then what about the hacking of the Silk Road servers? What about the precedent issues of the case?
01:19:56We didn't get that far. You know, we didn't get to even have that kind of public hearing where the FBI has to say how they did it.
01:20:03And then we get to decide whether that was legal or illegal.
01:20:06That's maybe the most frustrating thing about this case from a legal point of view is that American law enforcement hacked a foreign server, I believe.
01:20:14And they didn't have a warrant and they completely got away with it.
01:20:19And nobody's even, nobody, nobody even gets to ask any questions about it.
01:20:24How's Ross through all of this?
01:20:26He's an amazing guy. You know, he's handling this so much better than I would have.
01:20:29I don't know how I could have taken what he's put up with and been subjected to in this last year and three months.
01:20:38And we pray that his spirit won't be crushed by this.
01:20:43It seems that Ross conceived of the Silk Road that he ran it for its entire existence online.
01:20:50I actually accept that the government has proven that.
01:20:53But Ross Ulbricht is a fascinating character. He invented this brilliant thing. He had principles. He wasn't just a cyber criminal. He wasn't just a drug lord or a kingpin as he's described in these charges.
01:21:06He was also an idealistic guy. And I'm going to be conflicted about both the kind of virtue of the Silk Road and of Ross Ulbricht as a person, I think, for the rest of my life. I'm not going to be able to come to a conclusion about this.
01:21:36I don't know. You got any more questions or should we wrap it up?
01:22:03Yeah. Future Outlook. What are you going to do over the next five years? One sentence.
01:22:12I'm going to do a few things. One sentence isn't enough, damn it. But I'm pretty sure I want to start a family in the next five years.
01:22:31That's okay. And just, yeah, make more friends and close people I love. Yeah. I want to focus on being more connected to people.
01:22:47Very good. And 20 years?
01:22:5120 years, uh, I want to have had a substantial positive impact on the future of humanity by that time.
01:23:03You think you're going to live forever? I think it's a possibility. I honestly do. I think I might live forever in some form by that time.
01:23:12I mean, technology is changing so fast. Yeah. Yeah. Cool. I hope I'll come there. Sweet.
01:23:22Some day we could be a shining beacon of hope for the oppressed people of the world. Just as so many oppressed and violated souls have found refuge here already.
01:23:32Will it happen overnight? No. Will it happen in a lifetime? I don't know. Is it worth fighting for until my last breath? Of course. Once you've seen what's possible, how can you do otherwise?
01:23:45What's possible, how can you do otherwise? Yes.
01:23:46That's it.
01:23:47It's worth fighting for you.
01:23:49Much better than anything.
01:23:50You need you to do, I'm sure.
01:23:51What are you doing?
01:23:52Or are you doing that?
01:23:54What are you doing today?
01:23:55I don't know.
01:23:56I don't know.
01:23:57I don't know.
01:23:58I don't know.
01:23:59I don't know.
01:24:01I have to love you.
01:24:02I don't know.
01:24:03I don't know.
01:24:05I don't know.
01:24:06I don't know.
01:24:07I can't believe it.
01:24:08Yeah.
01:24:10I don't know.
01:24:11I don't know.
01:24:12I don't know.

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