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Transcript
00:00Today's topic is macular degeneration.
00:03Macular degeneration is an eye disorder that causes central vision loss.
00:09Central vision is what is seen while looking straight ahead.
00:12It is also known as age-related macular degeneration, or ARMD.
00:18The macula is a small area in the center of the retina, the back part of the eye, which transmits information to the brain.
00:25The macula is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and controls most of the important vision tasks like reading, driving, recognizing faces or colors, viewing road signs, and seeing objects in fine detail.
00:42When the cell of the macula deteriorates, images are not received correctly, resulting in blurred vision or no vision.
00:49Macular degeneration does not result in complete blindness, because it doesn't affect peripheral vision.
00:57Peripheral vision is what is seen on the side while looking straight ahead.
01:02Macular degeneration mostly affects older people.
01:06It affected 6.2 million people globally in 2015.
01:09There exist two types of macular degeneration, wet and dry macular degeneration.
01:16Dry macular degeneration is the most common type, and affects about 85% to 90% of people suffering from the condition.
01:26This type develops gradually, and occurs due to the presence of drusen under the macula.
01:32This causes damage to the retina and vision loss.
01:36Wet macular degeneration affects about 10% to 15% of people with the condition,
01:41and occurs as a result of abnormal development of blood vessels under the retina and macula.
01:47It is a more serious form, and can result in severe vision loss.
01:53Causes
01:53The specific cause of macular degeneration is not known, but it has been linked to a number of risk factors.
02:00These include
02:01Aging
02:03A family history of the condition
02:05Smoking
02:07Hypertension
02:09Obesity
02:11Fat intake
02:13Exposure to sunlight
02:15High cholesterol
02:17Race
02:18Caucasians are more likely to develop the condition than African Americans or Latinos.
02:25Symptoms
02:26Macular degeneration is a progressive disease that gets worse over time.
02:32Symptoms may include
02:33Blurriness
02:34The need for brighter lighting when reading
02:37Difficulty recognizing faces
02:40Difficulty adapting to low lights
02:42A reduction in central vision
02:45Trouble discerning colors
02:48A distortion of straight lines in the field of vision
02:51Straight lines appear wavy
02:53Diagnosis and treatment
02:56Diagnosis
02:58A series of tests can be conducted to diagnose macular degeneration.
03:02Your doctor can dilate your eyes with special eye drops and then examine the back of your eye for signs of fluid or blood.
03:10Amsler grid
03:12You are asked to look at a special grid that consists of horizontal and vertical lines.
03:17If some of the lines on the grid appear broken, faded, or distorted, it can be a sign of macular degeneration.
03:24To see what is happening in your retina, your doctor may carry out fluorescein angiography.
03:30A fluorescein or special dye is injected into a vein, usually in your arm.
03:35As the dye travels to your blood vessels, a special camera takes the photo of the retina as the dye circulates through the eye's blood vessels.
03:45This image shows problems and changes in your blood vessels and retina.
03:51Your doctor may request an optical coherence tomography.
03:55This is another way to look closely at your retina.
03:58This imaging test provides a detailed image of the macula.
04:02It shows if the macula has become thicker, thinner, or changed in any way.
04:08Treatment
04:09It is important to have annual eye exams, even if you have a normal vision.
04:14No cure exists for the condition, but there are treatment options available to slow the progression of the disease.
04:20No medical or surgical treatment is available for dry macular degeneration.
04:25However, a vision rehabilitation specialist may be recommended to teach you how to adjust and cope with vision loss.
04:33For wet macular degeneration, medications can help to stop and sometimes reverse the development of blood vessels.

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