Explain all Islamic schools of thought in 5 minutes

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00:01Sunnis are the largest sect in Islam, making up about 85% of Muslims worldwide.

00:06They follow the Holy Qur'an, the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and the consensus

00:10of the Prophet's companions and their followers.

00:12They reject the concept of an infallible Imam, and believe that leadership, or the Caliphate,

00:17should be chosen through consultation .

00:20Four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence emerged from them, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanafi,

00:26and Hanbali.

00:28The Shafi'i school is the third of the Sunni schools to emerge.

00:32It was founded by Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i in the 2nd century AH.

00:37His school is known for its strong reliance on the Qur'an, the Sunnah, consensus, ijma,

00:43and analogical reasoning .

00:46Imam al-Shafi'i played a major role in systematizing the science of Islamic legal theory, Usul al-Fiqh,

00:52and he was the first to write about it in a structured way in his book Al-Risala.

00:58The Maliki school is the second oldest of the Sunni schools, founded by Imam Malik ibn

01:03Anas in the city of Medina.

01:06It is based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah, with particular emphasis on the practices of

01:10the people of Medina as a key source of legislation.

01:14The Maliki Madhab spread widely across North Africa and al-Andalus.

01:20The Hanafi school is the oldest of the Sunni schools, founded by Imam Abu Hanifah al-Numan

01:26in Iraq.

01:27It places strong emphasis on reason and analogical reasoning alongside the Qur'an,

01:34the Sunnah, and consensus .

01:37The Hanafi Madhab spread widely across regions such as Turkey, the Indian subcontinent, and

01:43Central Asia.

01:45The Hanbali school is the last of the four Sunni schools, founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal

01:49in Baghdad.

01:50It is known for its strict reliance on the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and it rejects analogical

01:55reasoning and personal opinion if they contradict the apparent meaning of the texts.

02:01Shia Muslims are the second largest sect in Islam, making up about 10% of the global

02:04Muslim population.

02:05Shia belief holds that leadership after the Prophet Muhammad was not to be decided through

02:10consultation Shura, but rather by divine appointment, and that it rightfully belonged to Ali ibn Abi

02:16Talib and his descendants after him.

02:18The main branches of Shia Islam are three Twelvers, Ithna Ashariya, Zaidis and Ismailis.

02:25The Twelver Shia, the most widespread Shia branch, was established by Imam Jafar al-Sadiq.

02:32They believe in the existence of twelve Imams, the last of whom is the Mahdi, who entered

02:36into occultation and will return at the end of time.

02:40Their core beliefs include Infallibility, Isma, Occultation, Gaiba, Religious Dissimulation,

02:46Taqiyya and the Divine Appointment, Nas, of Imams.

02:51Twelvers are primarily found in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon and Bahrain.

02:57The Zaidi sect was founded by Imam Zaid ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn.

03:03Zaidi's believe that the Imamat is not limited to a specific number of Imams and they do

03:07not require absolute infallibility.

03:10Instead, they believe the Imam must be a descendant of Fatima, possess knowledge and courage and

03:16rise against injustice.

03:18Zaidi's are primarily found in Yemen, especially in the northern regions.

03:23The Ismaili sect was founded by Ismail ibn Jafar al-Sadiq, the eldest son of Imam Jafar.

03:31Ismailis believe that the Imamate continues through the descendants of Ismail and that

03:35the Imam possesses esoteric knowledge through which he guides his followers.

03:41They place great emphasis on symbolic interpretation of religious texts.

03:45Over time, the Ismailis split into several subgroups and are found in regions such as Pakistan,

03:52India, Syria, Yemen and Tanzania.

03:55Ibadi Islam was founded by Abdullah ibn Ibad and is considered one of the oldest Islamic sects.

04:02They believe the Imam should be chosen through consultation and that governance must be based

04:07on justice.

04:08They only permit self-defense.

04:10Their presence is mainly concentrated in Oman and North Africa, especially Algeria.

04:16The Khawadiz emerged after the Battle of Sifin between Ali and Muawiyah.

04:21They believed it was permissible to rebel against an unjust ruler and considered those who committed

04:26major sins to be disbelievers unless they repented.

04:30Historically, their influence spread from the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa.

04:36The Ahmadiyya was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who claim to be the Mahdi and the Promised Messiah.

04:43They believe that revelation continues after Prophet Muhammad and reject military jihad, advocating

04:48for peaceful and intellectual struggle instead.

04:52Their presence is mainly in India, Pakistan and among communities in Europe and America.

04:58The Alawites trace their origins to Ali ibn Abi Talib, whom they venerate deeply.

05:03They believe in esoteric interpretations and symbolic meanings of the Quran, mixing mysticism

05:09with doctrine.

05:10They are mainly concentrated along the Syrian coast, and also found in Lebanon and southern

05:14Turkey.

05:16The Baha'i faith was founded by Baha'u'llah.

05:19They believe in the unity of all religions, the equality of all people, and that God's revelations

05:25are continuous.

05:27They are present in over 200 countries, especially in Iran and India.

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