Diamonds are made out of carbon — highly organized carbon, that is. Geologists are still guessing how diamonds formed in the Earth from 1 billion to 3 billion years ago.
00:04For decades, diamonds have been linked to romance and marriage, but how are they made?
00:09They start out not as coal, but as a form of carbon, the building block for all life on Earth.
00:15But to become a diamond, carbon undergoes an incredible transformation under very extreme conditions.
00:21Naturally occurring diamonds formed deep in the Earth between one billion and three billion years ago,
00:26and geologists say the recipe when something like this.
00:29Step one, bury carbon dioxide in Earth's mantle about 100 miles underground.
00:35Step two, apply heat to around 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit.
00:40Step three, add incredible pressure about 725,000 pounds per square inch.
00:47And finally, step four, quickly rush towards Earth's surface to cool.
00:51Ancient volcanic eruptions billions of years ago are thought to be responsible for transporting most of the diamonds found today.
00:58All that sounds hard to replicate, but diamonds can also be made in a laboratory.
01:03In one method, tiny anvils squeeze down on graphite as intense electricity zaps it, producing gem-quality diamonds in just a few days.
01:12Another uses a diamond-growing vacuum chamber, seeding a diamond kernel with deposits from gases, gradually building it up to form a perfect gem.
01:21To the naked eye, today's synthetic diamonds closely match the color and brilliance of the diamonds shaped deep underground billions of years ago.
01:28How diamonds are made, just one of life's little mysteries.
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