- 4 days ago
River Monsters S01E01 Piranha (5th April 2009)
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AnimalsTranscript
00:00Piranha, legends tell of the most ferocious fish in the world.
00:13With razor-sharp teeth, they hunt in packs, stripping a body of its flesh in minutes.
00:20They have a reputation for killing and eating humans, literally being stripped of all the
00:27flesh, only the boots were left, but it may not be justified.
00:31I don't think the reputation of piranhas as bloodthirsty monsters is deserved at all.
00:37I'm Jeremy Wade, biologist and extreme angler, and my mission is to find out if piranhas
00:43really are the ultimate horror of the Amazon.
00:47All they said that they saw was just a turbulence in the water of the piranhas devouring the child.
00:57I remember a story from the 70s of a bus crashing into the Amazon River in Brazil.
01:25The people inside were eaten alive by piranhas.
01:45Horrific stories like this have been circulating since the discovery of South America.
01:50But every single piece of scientific research I found says that piranhas don't kill people.
01:59So are these stories real, or are they just over-exaggerated urban myths?
02:04Fish on! Fish on!
02:07Fish on!
02:08I've travelled the globe, literally putting my life on the line to prove that they're
02:12a giant, man-eating fish where no one would expect them.
02:16Big old mouth on there.
02:19In our freshwater rivers.
02:20But now, it's the turn of the small guys.
02:25Could piranhas really kill and eat a human?
02:32Are they the bloodthirsty killers from the movies that fill our nightmares?
02:40I visit London Zoo to talk to Brian Zimmerman, a piranha expert and assistant curator of the
02:51aquarium, to see what he thinks.
02:53There's no documented cases of a living human going into the water and being attacked by
03:00a group of piranhas and being reduced to a skeleton in seconds.
03:04But piranha are carnivorous fish.
03:07If they're hungry, it's certainly possible that they would attack to try and get food.
03:11I don't see why a human would be any different than an egret falling in the water.
03:16It's just, for a piranha, it's a potential food source.
03:19But to my knowledge, that's never happened.
03:22So if Brian believes piranhas have never attacked and killed a living person, then did this bus
03:28crash that I remember really take place?
03:31I decide to head to Manaus, the city at the heart of the Amazon, to see if I can get to
03:37the bottom of this memory and maybe track down a definite case where piranhas have eaten
03:42someone alive.
03:46And where better to start my investigation than the home of many a gruesome fisherman's
03:51tale, the Manaus fish market.
03:55With over 2,000 species of fish found in the Amazon River, more than the entire Atlantic
04:01Ocean, there's no shortage of strange-looking river monsters here.
04:05Wicked-looking spines on there.
04:06There's such a variety of fish here.
04:08Scientists have determined that there are some 60 different species in the piranha subfamily,
04:12yet the majority of them are actually vegetarian.
04:16It is the flesh-eating behaviour of just a couple of species that gives them their reputation.
04:21And it's not long before my questions unearth another shocking account that shows just what
04:30they are capable of.
04:33This is a piranha story.
04:34An old man was left in his floating house by his family just for a couple of hours.
04:39They came back, he'd gone.
04:41There were just his clothes there.
04:42So, you know, they thought he must have gone to take a bath or something, but he wasn't
04:45in sight anywhere.
04:46They searched, they searched, eventually they found just his skeleton.
04:49I mean, literally, he'd gone in the water because he was old.
04:52He wasn't able to get back out.
04:53And the piranhas just had it.
04:56Two months ago.
05:05It's another gruesome story.
05:07But here at the market, I can't track down a name or definite location for this fisherman's
05:12tail.
05:13I'm going to have to search further afield to find an eyewitness to a lethal piranha attack.
05:22The Amazon River is 4,250 miles long, twice the length of the Mississippi.
05:31It is mostly wide and slow moving, but up this distant tributary, it is quite the opposite.
05:38A fifth of all the water on earth passes through the Amazon.
05:42And piranhas and their relatives are found in just about all of it.
05:47It's a fisherman's paradise.
05:52And it's full of river monsters.
05:57And there's a fish on, there's a fish on.
06:00Oh, there it is, there it is, jumping out of the water.
06:03That's quite strong, that's a strong fish.
06:07I've hooked a predatory fish with dental hardware straight out of a horror movie.
06:12So this is a payara.
06:13It's a relative of the piranha.
06:15It's an arms war down there.
06:17Everything's got teeth.
06:18Everything is eating everything else.
06:20And they've actually got those fangs there in the lower jaw.
06:23And they use those to puncture the swim bladder of the prey.
06:28So it just messes up the buoyancy.
06:30The small fish is then totally out of control.
06:32It's flopping around near the surface.
06:33And these will just come along afterwards and mop them up.
06:36And those fangs are that big that it has to have special holes in the upper jaw.
06:41Otherwise it wouldn't be able to get its mouth closed.
06:44So there's probably some very precise engineering going on out of sight that we can't see.
06:51This vampire-like creature shows how evil-looking the piranha family can get.
06:56But despite its looks, it is not the fish responsible for attacking people.
07:01This is a solitary fish hunter.
07:05The piranha we all fear feed in packs.
07:08And they are so common in the Amazon, you can catch them almost anywhere.
07:13Normally I use high-tech gear and stealthy tactics to lure a monster onto my line.
07:19But the piranha's method of feeding is so bold that I'm changing my approach.
07:25I dispense with my normal rod.
07:27And I'm just using a bit of bamboo with a short length of line on the end.
07:31Trident-tested means of catching piranha.
07:35Just a hook on the end with a piece of wire so they don't chomp through the line.
07:41Lump of meat.
07:43And unlike other techniques where you're being quiet and stealthy,
07:47piranhas are actually attracted by noise and disturbance on the surface.
07:53Oh!
08:03There we go.
08:04Red-bellied piranha.
08:06In just a couple of minutes I've caught a small piranha.
08:10But do not be deceived, it still has knife-like teeth that can easily remove a lump of flesh in a single bite.
08:17Multiply that by the hundred or so mouths in a hungry school of piranhas and it's a death of a thousand individual cuts.
08:26A protruding jawbone with large chomping muscles means that when the mouth is closed the triangular teeth from both jaws lock together like a bear trap.
08:42They are perfectly adapted to slice off pieces of meat, fins or scales, literally taking apart their prey piece by piece.
08:56They predominantly hunt fish but they will eat the meat of almost any animal that crosses their path.
09:08And in this river, with almost every cast, I'm catching a piranha.
09:15This river is just absolutely full of piranhas.
09:21They're just all over the place.
09:25Doesn't mean to say though that I can't do this.
09:35Surely swimming in a piranha-infested river is suicide.
09:45This water may be full of piranhas, but they're not attacking me.
09:53If I can swim here and it's true that the old man from the fish market story and the victims of the bus crash were eaten alive,
10:00then something is missing that is needed to trigger a feeding frenzy.
10:06Still alive.
10:07There's plenty of water here.
10:09I'm guessing there's enough food for them down there without them wanting to attack me.
10:15So what about if I set something up where I know there are plenty of piranhas and I know they're hungry?
10:32Welcome to my piranha pool.
10:36Here at a local hotel, just like my favourite Bond villain,
10:40I've filled a small swimming pool with over a hundred red-bellied piranhas and they haven't eaten for days.
10:47It's the perfect opportunity to test just how voracious these creatures are.
10:53Everybody knows about sharks being bloodthirsty killers.
10:56Just wondering if piranhas have the same kind of sensitivity to blood.
11:00Piranhas have evolved to live in the murky, sediment-filled waters of the Amazon, where visibility is often less than a foot.
11:17So a good sense of smell to locate their next meal is surely essential.
11:23That's definitely getting a reaction.
11:24There's a number of fish have come into that cloud of blood and they're looking around.
11:27They want something to chew into, but there's nothing there at the moment.
11:30I think time to put a bit of flesh in there for them.
11:33So blood is definitely wetting their appetite.
11:38And there would have been blood in the water from those injured by the impact of the bus crash.
11:44Now, I wonder how these piranhas will react to a bloody piece of prime steak.
11:49There we go, it's the first nibble, the first nibble, the first nibble.
12:01And there they are, they're all piling in.
12:03Once the first one's started, there we go, they're all over it.
12:06Piranhas react to the sound and movement of another piranha feeding,
12:10attracting them to the scene and inciting feeding frenzy.
12:14As soon as one piranha takes a bite, it moves away,
12:16allowing a fast turnover of feeders and a rapid succession of bites.
12:21It's no wonder they are known for stripping their food to the bone in just minutes.
12:26There we go, meat definitely works.
12:28I just wonder now how they might react to something that's alive.
12:46These piranhas were tearing into a piece of dead meat just a couple of minutes ago,
13:01but they're just not interested in me.
13:04So what is it that turns piranhas into vicious, murderous killers?
13:08That is what I want to try and find out.
13:10If the story of the bus crash is true, then presumably, just like my piranha pool,
13:18there was human flesh, blood and a mass of hungry piranhas.
13:23Yet I am unharmed.
13:25The people on the bus weren't so lucky.
13:27As I continue my investigation, I discover the evidence to prove that the bus crash definitely happened.
13:35But more significantly, I tracked down a survivor who had an unbelievable escape from that day.
13:41Maybe he can give me the details of exactly what happened,
13:45so I can work out what triggers a piranha attack.
13:48I've come to the Amazon to find out if piranhas are the bloodthirsty killers of myth,
13:56or if the truth is a little more complicated.
13:59I've managed to unearth a newspaper report from the 1970s
14:03that describes the exact bus crash that I remember where some of the passengers were eaten by piranhas.
14:09It reports that on the 14th of November 1976, the bus was travelling from Manaus to the town of Itaquatiara,
14:19a journey for about five hours.
14:23After driving through the night, it crashed into a tributary of the Amazon, killing 39 passengers.
14:30The newspaper also mentions the name of a survivor, Dirceo Araujo.
14:35I've managed to track him down to find out what he can remember from that fateful day,
14:42as this might allow me to pass judgement on the guilt, or otherwise, of the piranha.
14:48Okay, so...
14:50Dirceo tells me he was sitting at the very rear of the bus,
14:53and like the rest of the passengers, he had been sleeping for most of the journey.
14:57On board that day were several families, a couple of students named Alex and Ivan,
15:02as well as many other men and women, returning to their homes in Itaquatiara.
15:08Not long before the accident, the bus went through a pothole, waking Dirceo up.
15:14This, he tells me, could well have saved his life.
15:17This is the very spot where the accident happened. The bus came down here, went in the river, down there.
15:30Dirceo doesn't know if the brakes failed, or if the bus skidded,
15:34but the driver had done the same route several times that day.
15:37The papers at the time reported the suggestion that he fell asleep,
15:40and at the ferry crossing, carried straight on into the river.
15:55One minute, everything's normal, but, you know, literally the next moment, it's in the water.
15:59There were people crying, wailing, much despair.
16:01There were people at the front trying to open the door by pulling it, and he's basically saying that, you know, that door only opens if you push.
16:22Then the water, the water started to come in, at which point he went back to where he'd been seated.
16:28There was a boy there who'd been trying to break the window, and he actually saw, Dirceo saw this boy's foot, you know, disappearing out of the bus.
16:38And he saw the foot, followed it, and managed to get himself out through the same hole.
16:53He's just about clear of the bus. Somebody grabbed hold of his leg. Can you imagine?
16:56Somebody is trying to grab hold of his leg while he is trying to escape and get to the surface.
17:01He actually had to kick this person's hand off to get free from the bus and actually, you know, escape from the wreck.
17:0839 people remained trapped on the bus and didn't survive.
17:13In the panic of his escape, Dirceo doesn't remember seeing any piranhas.
17:17So no one knows how long it was after the bus submerged that the piranhas attacked.
17:24Even to this day, just going over the bridge, which, you know, they've got now over the river, he says every time he crosses, you know, just remembers, remembers that day.
17:44It was several hours before rescuers could winch the bus out of the water.
17:51By that time, it was far too late for any remaining passengers.
17:56There were three children and one baby, actually all from the same family, you know, they were brought up dead.
18:12There was one body there that had literally been stripped of all the flesh, only the boots were left.
18:19The impact piranhas have on a human body is distinct and may be too shocking for some viewers to see.
18:36These horrific images from recent cases arriving at the Manaus city morgue show just what a piranha is capable of doing and the type of wounds it leaves.
18:46Exposed flesh and soft tissue are removed first, which is exactly what Dora de Barbosa witnessed when she arrived on the scene as the bodies were being extracted from the bus.
18:59She told me that some of the victims were brought out still hugging each other and her story made me truly realize what it meant to lose someone in this crash.
19:12Dora was just 17 years old at the time of the tragedy and what happened she was living in Nitaquatiara and she just actually started her nurse training at the time and so she actually went to the river at the site of the accident.
19:27Totalmente o rosto, non tinha nada no rosto, non tinha nada no rosto, nem as cartilagem mesmo tinha, então só os ossos.
19:37Um...
19:39That's quite tragic.
19:43Dora says you know, she did know some of the people on the bus which just makes it sort of extra-extra horrific really that was the husband of the teacher of hers and she says that he was just, you know, his face was completely eaten away down to, you know, not down to the bone but down to cartilage.
19:59the bone but down to cartilage and also a lad called Ivan who she liked very much this was
20:13her childhood sweetheart and he was one of the victims as well and she said you know because of
20:18this she's you know she found it very difficult early on to talk about this whole business but
20:23as a result of this she said she actually you know left the area and didn't return for a while
20:29because of the memories of the place just like the testimonies from the bus crash the morgue pictures
20:35leave us in no doubt as to the horrors piranhas can inflict on a human body but as the bus crash
20:42happened 30 years ago it's impossible to know if the victims died of the wounds inflicted by the
20:47piranhas or if they were already dead we know that on the bus they were trapped there was blood in the
20:54water and people were eaten by piranhas but did the piranhas attack and eat their victims alive
21:00or did they merely scavenge the corpses of those who had already drowned
21:07so even though i have found my bus crash the case against the piranha still hangs in the balance
21:15my quest to investigate the bloodthirsty reputation of the piranha is still unresolved
21:20although piranhas have without doubt fed on dead human flesh i'm yet to find proof that they have
21:25killed a living human maybe brian zimmerman was right i don't think the reputation of piranhas as
21:32bloodthirsty monsters is deserved at all piranha are just animal that is trying to survive in the wild
21:40when they happen to be a carnivorous fish yet in flooded water bodies like this scientists have
21:46discovered that there are double the number of piranhas than normal and this has led to a
21:52situation where their innocence is once again in question all over brazil dams like this have created
21:59artificial lakes which are very popular places to come for a swim particularly in the heat of the dry
22:06season put that together with a concentrated population of piranhas and you're asking for trouble
22:12humans being attacked by man-eating fish is the stuff of nightmares and it has fueled an industry
22:22of fear which hollywood has happily embraced if you're on a beach by the ocean sharks can be a very real
22:31concern it's not uncommon to enter the water with a fear of what might lurk beneath
22:44but deep inland over a thousand miles from the sea most people would not expect to be a victim
22:54yet on the weekend of december the 21st 2005 at the end of the dry season
23:00this is exactly what happened
23:09on a beach exposed by the seasonal low water eight people were attacked
23:23and the perpetrators of these attacks were piranhas
23:30in a period of seven months a hundred and ninety people were bitten by piranhas
23:49unlike the bus crash these weren't frenzied attacks which left the corpses half eaten these were
23:55individual bites no one was trapped injured or bleeding yet the piranhas were definitely attacking
24:04live people obviously something strange had occurred here
24:11i've come to one of these artificial lakes created by a dam
24:15to find out what's going on and to see what kind of piranhas are living here
24:19all this used to be rainforests but when the water rose the trees all died just leaving this weird landscape
24:36there we go there's a knot there's something on there
24:39right here we go here we go there we go that's that's a sizable fish
24:50that's a piranha but that is a big piranha now this is something i've got to be very careful with
24:57careful careful careful careful careful
24:58and here it is imagine swimming with these boys in the water oh crunch
25:09oh crunching on the hook as i take it out how about that for a piranha
25:20this is a black piranha it's the biggest species of piranha look at those teeth look at those teeth
25:26i'm being extremely careful here they just have such powerful jaws i mean that would take a
25:31serious size lump literally the size of that jaw that would be the size of the hole that would be
25:36missing those teeth are so sharp that when people get cut by them they say they don't even feel it
25:43when it happens only they only notice it when they see the blood it was these kinds of attacks single
25:50bites that were being made at the beach but again brian's theory that piranhas are misunderstood
25:56has an explanation piranha tend to build their nests in very shallow areas because they need to
26:02have vegetation um not only for the eggs to stay to but also for the for the young fry to retreat when
26:09they're first hatching um so in cases where people have been bitten i mean i suppose somebody
26:14waiting in shallow water um and happens to tread onto the nest of of a piranha where there's a big
26:21male defending its eggs is definitely going to be susceptible to getting a bite the beach attacks
26:28occurred when there were most people in the water on the hottest days at the end of the dry season
26:34it is at this point usually just after the first rains when piranhas breed
26:40all they were doing was simply what most living creatures do protecting their young
26:45so these multiple piranha attacks actually reveal a caring animal that in this instance has no
26:52intention to kill
27:00piranha are very nervous fish we were actually involved in a study recently which was looking
27:05at the reasons for shoaling behavior in piranha and the study actually found that instead of
27:10um them being pack hunters and living together in groups because they're trying to hunt their prey
27:16they actually live in shoals to avoid predators themselves and it's a case of safety in numbers
27:22if piranhas group together because of their mortal fear of another river monster then this is a creature
27:29i need to meet
27:33piranhas may enjoy a reputation as evil killers but here in the amazon they are far from the top of the food
27:40chain this river is a supremely predatory environment and i'm told that there are wild river monsters that
27:48come here to be fed by locals these creatures are highly adapted killers and greatly feared by the piranhas
28:10and once again i'm the guinea pig that is entering the water to meet them
28:22dolphins who'd have thought it thousand miles from the ocean right up the amazon river fresh water dolphins
28:30and these guys i mean they're having fun now but my goodness they've also got a dark side
28:44i'm in the middle of a frenzy that one got my thumb that one got my thumb oh dear hey
29:05and these are the guys that take out piranhas
29:13a little bit eager a little bit eager the jaw very very long and elongated full of teeth just
29:20perfect for grabbing fish wow they've also got this really strange bulging head and that's actually
29:30an echolocation organ a lot of these waters in the amazon are very murky
29:38and they can't see their prey but even in that situation they can find and kill their prey
29:42using sonar
29:53you know you've got to be very very careful tangling with these creatures
30:02time for me to get out i think
30:04the amazon is the most predator-filled waterway on the planet
30:14everything kills or is killed
30:18i've spent years fishing this river and i know it is crammed full of the meanest nastiest creatures
30:23perhaps piranhas are not unusual they just get singled out for attention because they capture our
30:31imagination but that still doesn't explain what triggers their attacks
30:37it's strong and heavy look at this bye bye bye bye
30:52kuyu kuyu a new species for me i know the species but i've never never never caught one
31:12there's a lump taken out of it by piranha they can tell when a fish is in distress and they go after it
31:17you can actually see the shape here of a piranha jaw something chomped this fish on the way in
31:25you know normally these fish are paying complete attention to not ending up on the menu this one
31:30basically thinking about something else for just a moment and a piranha came in and chopped it
31:35so you've literally got to watch your back
31:40this armored catfish was a fantastic catch but seeing the piranha bite on its back has crystallized
31:46everything for me this fish lives in and amongst piranha every day of its life yet struggling on
31:54the end of my line it instantly became a target
32:00it is the thrashing struggle of distress that triggers the piranha's natural instincts to target
32:05the weak and helpless this explains why i can swim and splash around with piranhas
32:11yet the struggle for life in the bus crash initiated the piranha's predatory instincts
32:22it's sobering to think of what happened to those poor passengers that day as they traveled back to
32:26their hometown their lives were never meant to cross with piranhas yet for thousands of people in the
32:34amazon life is literally lived on the water with such huge seasonal variations in water level entire
32:42villages float on the river and there's one whose very name suggests the reality they deal with on a daily
32:50basis this place is known as the piranha reserve
32:56i've come here to find out what life is like living with the constant threat of piranhas
33:10these people are known as riverinos or river people
33:13almost everything they need is sourced from or around the amazon river
33:27let's see if the piranha reserve lives up to its name and what kind of piranhas they have here
33:33the line is flat on the surface
33:35there it goes
33:40red belly there we go whoop okay now right you can see why people
33:48i couldn't do that if i didn't have shoes on you can see why so many people here are missing bits out
33:52of their toes
33:56every every one of these is a red belly i mean this one's got slight spots on it as well but that just
34:00means it's a juvenile again again here we go there's almost more fish than water every single chuck
34:06out comes a red belly piranha they're not very big but my goodness there are just loads of them down here
34:17i've heard all these stories about piranhas being capable of
34:21skeletonizing bodies literally within moments or minutes i've got this freshly killed duck here
34:27from the market and i think it's time to put those stories to the test
34:34it's apparent that the uh the sound the thrashing of a distressed animal is what attracts them so
34:40i'm just a little bit of movement to uh start them homing in
34:46right they're in there they're in there already i just saw a flash of silver with that
34:50you know very distinctive red as well right they're starting to arrive now once once one finds it
34:55basically you know that just keeps the whole thing off
35:04right look at that go in the head there they've already just
35:08stripped the uh all the flesh from the spine
35:16flip this in and have a look
35:18oh right from the back this didn't look too bad but actually flip it over the side where the fish
35:28were and yeah they've made a real mess of that they've actually chewed through a huge expanse of
35:34feather to get at the meat and they've gone right into the body cavity they've taken most of the meat
35:38away there's a huge section of actually the backbone gone in the neck the head is just reduced to bone
35:44both eyes are gone and all this just in a matter of minutes
35:55it's easy to forget that this is right outside someone's front door for the people who live here
36:02dealing with the dangers of piranhas on a daily basis is just part of life
36:11i visit some of the families who live here to find out how they cope but i discover a story
36:17of a piranha attack that chills me to my very bones
36:20this remote place is actually called the piranha reserve
36:37but what i soon learn is that it is in the dry season when the water is low and the piranhas are
36:42concentrated that the villagers are most at risk it is a particular time of year it's this principally
36:48the months of september and october here you can't even get in the water to have a wash
36:56main main food item here is fish so there you are you know you have to clean the fish in order
37:00to prepare it for the meal and just you know the smell of that will will bring a concentration of
37:05piranhas there so you've got to be careful keep your fingers nowhere near the water but on one occasion
37:11this family dropped their guard with horrific consequences um it was a grandson of uh julius
37:26saying you know you can't look after kids all the time his wife was um cleaning some fish off the
37:30the back of the house and the child just ran as children do from one side of the house to the other
37:36and just fell in the water the other side and he said literally you know they heard a noise they got
37:40there it was it was already too late the child fell in the water and just didn't come up all they said
37:56that they saw was was just uh just a turbulence in the water of the piranhas devouring the child
38:02just literally moments after the child had fallen off the side of the boat
38:12with nets they were trying to sort of you know retrieve the child even while this was going on
38:16and eventually he said you know all they got in was bones
38:22when i asked how how long it took he said no this you know this happened very rapidly because you know
38:26there were just there were just you know so many so many piranhas here
38:35this is what i'd been searching for a first-hand account of piranhas attacking killing and eating a
38:42human in this case a three-year-old boy who the grandfather preferred not to name
38:49yet the reality of hearing a story like this takes away all feelings of success i might have had
38:56it's one thing to to hear the myth of piranhas but i mean you know it's quite something else to to
39:01talk to somebody who's actually seen the truth of that with their own eyes
39:08if you consider that this is just one of hundreds or even thousands of similar isolated settlements
39:14found all along the amazon who knows how many more cases remain unreported
39:26these lads are just you know they're just balancing on pieces of wood about that wide
39:30and i've just heard this horrific story about somebody falling into this water and getting just
39:35devoured in seconds and they don't even seem bothered by it much as we might live with the ever
39:41present threat of a lethal highway on our doorstep these people continue their lives within feet of
39:48deadly piranhas you know i get i guess like a lot of things you know living in a floating house like
39:55this with these piranhas underneath after a while it's just there it's just automatic you just get
40:00used to it there are just precautions that you take you can't be thinking about it all the time if you
40:05were you just wouldn't be able to get on with your life it's just this ever-present presence underneath
40:10and all around you i set out on this journey to find an eyewitness to a piranha attack in the hope
40:19that their evidence might give me the proof i needed to know if the bloodthirsty reputation of the piranha
40:25is justified i've found that piranhas are sometimes shy sometimes defensive and they are somewhat misunderstood
40:34but if you have a very specific combination of the right time of year blood the struggle of distress
40:41and a trapped or weakened person you will trigger a piranha feeding frenzy in a river full of monsters
40:50this is just a natural adaptation to life here in the amazon but no matter what the piranha will continue
40:57to evoke fear and horror in each and every one of us
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