- 10/07/2025
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00:00History is not an exact science. It is never set in stone.
00:16As time passes, knowledge of the past is refined and evolves.
00:21But by definition, existing ideas have thick skins and are hard to shift.
00:34To understand the realities of the world, you sometimes have to shake them up and decipher
00:55the facts by looking at them another way.
00:57Posterity holds John Paul II as a modern pope, a champion of freedoms.
01:22And yet...
01:42On October 22, 1978, for the first time in its history, the Vatican inducts a Polish pope
01:49under the name of John Paul II.
01:56With the Cold War at its height, his surprise election as head of the Catholic Church
02:00gives him the means to fulfill his ambition.
02:04To attack communism, a symbol of atheism.
02:07From his inaugural mass onwards, he challenges Moscow.
02:10From his inaugural mass onwards, he challenges Moscow.
02:14From his inaugural mass onwards, he challenges Moscow.
02:21The new sovereign pontiff publicly positions himself as a political leader.
02:29Never had his predecessors shown such outspokenness.
02:30The new sovereign pontiff publicly positions himself as a political leader.
02:39Never had his predecessors shown such outspokenness.
02:44Two months later, the Holy Father puts his program into action.
02:59But without attacking the Soviet Union head-on.
03:15It is in Latin America that he will deliver his first battle.
03:19While the continent accounts for half the Catholics on earth, its church is deeply divided.
03:25From that first trip, John Paul II takes unprecedented liberties with protocol.
03:35He begins by overcoming the reserve of other popes.
03:39He continues the same line, but perhaps I pass a...
03:40A...
03:53Fascinated by his natural manner, special envoys fall under his spell.
03:58A step, a step forward.
04:00forward.
04:10As soon as he arrives in Mexico, he offers the entranced press a symbolic gesture without precedent.
04:18In an instant, the papal office will descend from its pedestal.
04:30This act of humility becomes his trademark.
04:46Instead of governing from the Vatican, like his predecessors,
04:49John Paul II has the feel of someone close to the people.
05:00With the popular fervor he inspires, the new pope has all the more legitimacy to tackle the showdown that he has come to deliver.
05:23He thinks that the Latin American church is on the brink.
05:30He thinks that it is becoming a Trojan horse for communism,
05:36since a large number of priests have joined a progressive movement called Liberation Theology.
05:49They have chosen to defend the rights of the poorest,
05:53to fight against the glaring inequalities of the continent.
06:01One of these is Dom Helder Camara, nicknamed Archbishop of the Poor.
06:07The most important thing to work for the people is to work with the people.
06:14Or the theologian Leonardo Boff, one of the leaders of the movement.
06:18They help the humblest to claim their rights to the land, or to form unions.
06:39Concrete actions that, in most countries, come up hard against the dictatorships in place.
06:45For these priests, the mission of the church is consistent with the analyses of Karl Marx and his class struggle.
06:53Two days later in Puebla, John Paul II strongly condemns the movement.
07:10Before the highest Catholic authorities in Latin America, he says,
07:20this notion of a political, revolutionary and dissident Christ does not conform to the teaching of the church.
07:29His response is a heavy silence.
07:34Officially disavowed, these priests will not be protected by the Pope.
07:41They continue to be tortured and executed by the military dictatorships.
07:46Like all those fighting for their rights, from Argentina to Chile.
07:50In the name of the fight against communism, the Vatican does no more than make formal protests against these abuses.
08:01In Moscow, the Holy Father's words are causing concern.
08:17Especially since he has no intention of stopping there.
08:20His private conversations with Polish refugees, intercepted by the KGB in Mexico, prove it.
08:27They talked about strengthening the fight of Catholicism against the countries of the Eastern Bloc.
08:41For the Pope, the bridgehead of this offensive had to be Poland.
08:50Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party, understood the urgency of the situation.
08:57John Paul II is about to take action.
09:00Indeed, the Pope was due to visit Poland in the coming weeks.
09:04The Soviet leader calls his Polish counterpart without delay.
09:15Don't let him come. He's going to cause us problems.
09:20But Edward Gierik resists.
09:23Political sense tells me to let his visit go ahead.
09:26On June 2, 1979, the country's native son is given a solemn welcome.
09:42We are ready to visit your Holy Spirit on the Father's land.
09:53Also personally.
09:56I am sincerely pleased to meet with your Holy Spirit.
10:05Gierik is confident that he has the situation well in hand.
10:08Not only that, he is convinced that the new Pope will continue the policy of appeasement to the Eastern Bloc that the Vatican has been conducting for 10 years.
10:16But he has also stepped up the close surveillance of the 90% Catholic population.
10:30To avoid any incident, the police have arrested the most vocal opponents.
10:38The authorities are well aware that this very first visit of a Pope to a Communist country is historic.
10:55A few hours before the first mass led by John Paul II, state television is ordered to minimize its impact on the population.
11:02And is banned from showing the huge crowd out to greet him.
11:17But John Paul II is familiar with the regime's methods and how to get around them.
11:21He has hired a camera crew that will film him freely throughout his journey.
11:33And he has an advantage that the authorities can do nothing to control.
11:38His words, which will be broadcast live.
11:41His words will be borne by his charisma, he who hesitated to become an actor.
11:47Under the monumental cross, the Pope opens hostilities using the language of faith for cover.
12:08Under the monumental cross, the Pope opens hostilities using the language of faith for cover.
12:13Under the monumental cross, the Pope opens hostilities using the language of faith for cover.
12:15He has chosen from an expert bySAYMAN, with a strong language of security,
12:22and will be resurrected in the Gospel of Keyes.
12:28In addition to these people, the Pope opens hostilities using the Shows of glory as he went to the Shell of forests Spider,
12:33As the blog of 2009, heöhvan decía, he went to the notifices of peace of copper foreign language of wood,
12:36and had made his personal presence the light in this exhibition."
12:40With a glance, he knows that the crowd has understood his message.
12:51He has just called on the divine power to sweep away communist power.
13:02Some dared to tape record this lyrical indictment, despite the police surveillance.
13:09Finally duplicated and shared, it would spread like wildfire.
13:15In John Paul II, the Poles found the ideal spokesperson, one that power cannot silence.
13:27Never had Poland seen such large gatherings since the end of the Second World War.
13:32One third of all Poles, that is nearly 10 million people, come to listen to their pope.
13:39In Krakow, his last stop, he bids them farewell.
13:53And so, before I come from here, I ask you, that you have never wondered, and you have never been ashamed of it, and you have never been ashamed of it.
14:09John Paul II does not want to let the flame go out.
14:19Hidden in the Papal Plain, the images shot by his personal camera crew are sent back to Rome.
14:29The finished film would discreetly return to Poland, to be screened within the protected walls of the churches, right under the noses of the authorities.
14:41Magnifying the pope's direct relationship with his compatriots, it would quietly continue John Paul II's work to undermine the regime.
14:51In Moscow, Brezhnev is furious.
15:07The Polish authorities have lost all control of the situation.
15:11He needs to make a full-scale response.
15:14He arranges for counter-propaganda messages to discredit the pope, both within the Eastern Bloc and outside it.
15:26But this parade is powerless against the social protest that is awakening in Poland.
15:49In summer 1980, the Gdansk shipyards went on a bitter strike.
15:55Triggered by increases in the price of meat.
16:01Threatened by a total paralysis of the country, the government is forced to negotiate.
16:09On 31 August, the striker's leader, an electrician by the name of Lech Walesa,
16:14gains liberties that were hitherto unknown in the Eastern Bloc.
16:20For the first time, independent trade unions are allowed.
16:24Lech Walesa becomes a national hero.
16:27Lech Walesa becomes a national hero.
16:31Lech Walesa becomes a national hero.
16:32Lech Walesa becomes a national hero.
16:34The main thing is even if we can stand on the rest of the country.
16:36Even though he doesn't know the truth, he doesn't know the truth.
17:06In solidarity, the Pope has found a powerful ally in his homeland.
17:19He can finally enjoy the popular fervor at his audiences in St. Peter's Square.
17:25But on May 13, 1981, he is shot in an assassination attempt.
17:36Badly wounded, he hovers between life and death for many hours.
17:42But against all odds, he manages to recover.
17:46This convinces the Holy Father that his survival is a miracle, and that the Virgin Mary has saved him.
17:54Sixty-three years earlier, in 1917, she was said to have appeared in Portugal, near the village of Fatima.
18:00There, she announced that a Pope would perish in the course of a war between the Church and now atheist Russia.
18:08John Paul II sees the sign of a divine mission in the prediction.
18:16If he is still alive, it is to bring communism down.
18:20But for now, it is communism that is crushing John Paul II's dreams.
18:35On December 13, 1981, General Jaruzelski, the new strongman of the Polish regime, suspends the recently acquired freedoms.
18:47Our father was found in the past.
18:53The Republic of the Republic has led the war state in the middle of the whole country today.
19:00Solidarity is dissolved.
19:07Its leader, Lec Velesa, is arrested, as are 10,000 union activists.
19:13Thousands more go underground.
19:20The borders are closed.
19:23The only images to come out of the country are secretly filmed.
19:30Police surveillance is omnipresent.
19:34The army posts tanks at every crossroads.
19:39In Warsaw, the central square where John Paul II had shaken the regime two years previously,
19:45now sees only military processions.
20:00On December 23rd, the intervention by U.S. President Ronald Reagan gives the Holy Father renewed confidence.
20:13The United States is taking immediate action to suspend major elements of our economic relationships with the Polish government.
20:20On Christmas Eve, a lighted candle will burn in the White House window as a small but certain beacon of our solidarity with the Polish people.
20:31The Pope, in echo, lights a candle in the window of his apartments on Christmas Eve.
20:45He then uses his native tongue to call for the fight to go on.
20:54Infant Jesus, show the Poles the way to a better future, in justice and freedom.
21:02These two speeches, so close to one another, are no coincidence.
21:18Behind the scenes, a secret alliance has been forged between the two leaders.
21:22Viscerally anti-communist as well, Reagan shares the Pope's goal.
21:29To shake the confidence of the Polish regime, the weak link of the Soviet bloc.
21:35To ensure the survival of solidarity, the White House provides the Union with secret funds and printing equipment.
21:43And the Vatican's role is to smuggle these into Poland using its ecclesiastical networks.
22:01Poland's churches become the only public places of opposition in the country.
22:05From the pulpit, braving the intimidation of the political police, they speak openly of solidarity.
22:15Thousands of people gather to hear these masses for the homeland.
22:19The revisited Polish national anthem crosses the Iron Curtain.
22:41Solidarity and the underground opposition become the international symbol of the fight for freedom.
22:47In Latin America, where John Paul II launched his first crusade, his anti-communist alliance with President Reagan proves less glorious.
23:09Washington, funding and arming conservative dictatorships, is also paying for anti-communist prelates
23:15and providing the Holy See with CIA wiretaps.
23:28In their sights, the liberation theology priests fighting for the rights of the poor.
23:33They are now half as many of the poor.
23:36Weekend by John Paul II's offensive soon after his election, they are now half as many in number.
23:41And the Pope is determined to finish them off.
23:45In March 1983, he goes to Nicaragua.
23:58The destination was carefully chosen.
24:01Liberation theology priests have been appointed as ministers of the revolutionary Sandinista regime.
24:06True to his strategy, John Paul II will pour salt onto the wound.
24:13It was like a perilous leap, he would later confide.
24:20Always mindful of the power of the image, he negotiated with the government.
24:26No minister priests in his presence.
24:30But, as a challenge, the most newsworthy of them all stands before him.
24:36Ernesto Cardinal.
24:40While the secularly dressed priest kneels before him as a mark of allegiance,
24:45the Pope curtly lectures him.
24:47Sort out your situation with respect to the church.
24:50Decoded, he is ordering him to choose between politics and the church.
24:57With this humiliation before the cameras of the whole world,
25:02papal authority is restored.
25:04For now.
25:11That very evening, the regime takes revenge.
25:14Agitators drown out the voice of the Holy Father with Marxist slogans.
25:18John Paul II, usually so self-possessed, gives vent to his anger.
25:23John Paul II, usually so self-possessed, gives vent to his anger.
25:26It is time for sanctions.
25:27And it is a faithful collaborator of John Paul II, Cardinal Ratzinger, who takes charge.
25:29It is time for sanctions.
25:47And it is a faithful collaborator of John Paul II, Cardinal Ratzinger, who takes charge.
25:52In February 1985, Ernesto Cardinal is suspended from the priesthood.
26:02He no longer has the right to celebrate Mass.
26:06Some months later, the theologian, Leonardo Boeuf, one of the movement's leaders,
26:11is sentenced to silence and obedience for 18 months.
26:24Finally, Domhelder Camada, the Archbishop of the Poor, who has reached compulsory retirement age,
26:31is replaced by a conservative, as is happening everywhere on the continent.
26:35True to the Vatican line, his successor methodically destroys his work.
26:41He even goes so far as to prevent operation of the association
26:46that helps the families of Catholic activists murdered by the military dictatorship.
26:50At that very moment, dictatorships are being overthrown and civil societies are calling John Paul II to account.
27:11Such as in Argentina in 1987, where protestors denounced the church's compromises with the military regime.
27:17Here, as elsewhere in Latin America, human rights were the first collateral victims of the Pope's fight against communism.
27:28The highly respected Monsignor Miguel Hossein does not hold back in his criticism.
27:43In these last years, dear Juan Pablo II, in Argentina, being faithful to the Evangelion was a bold adventure
27:56that led to life to many brothers in faith.
27:59that we will never have to lament the death of young people,
28:06either disappeared, or tortured, or people with hunger and without working.
28:12But John Paul II remained silent, cut off from a society that demands reparation.
28:27He does not meet the victims' associations.
28:31Officially, he does not have the time.
28:34But this excuse fools no one.
28:39When the Pope, the herald of freedom in Poland, refuses to speak,
28:43everyone understands that he does not want to speak.
28:46Even for posterity, John Paul II does not give a thing.
28:48So there is no question of celebrating the exemplary commitment of Monsignor Romero.
29:07Even though the Archbishop of San Salvador was assassinated during Mass itself,
29:12by the death squads in the service of the military dictatorship, protected by the United States.
29:21Public opinion demanded the canonization of Monsignor Romero.
29:35But the Pope was to oppose this to the very end of his pontificate.
29:44And yet, he canonized more people than during the previous five centuries.
29:49At this time in Europe, John Paul II's dream suddenly becomes true.
30:11On November 9th, 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall ushers in a new world.
30:17In Poland, the Jaruzelski regime has been swept away some months earlier.
30:38And Lech Veleza is poised to become the first president of post-Soviet Poland.
30:42The Prime Minister of the Republic of the Republic of the Republic,
30:47the sovereignty and the safety of the country.
30:53Communism's days in Europe are numbered.
30:55Three weeks after the fall of the Wall, John Paul II receives the new lead of the Soviet Union.
31:13The regime is dying, and Mikhail Gorbachev is trying at all costs to save what can be saved.
31:19His policy of glasnost extends to religion.
31:30His foreign minister, Edward Shevrenadze, tells the Pope's advisers,
31:36without the Vatican, none of this would have happened.
31:43His confidence would be taken up by Gorbachev himself.
31:49Once freedom of worship is announced in Eastern Europe, bishops are appointed almost everywhere.
32:07The Church of Silence finds its voice.
32:11In the eyes of the world, John Paul II is the great conqueror of communism.
32:22He becomes the embodiment of the fight against totalitarianism in the name of liberty.
32:28His aura now extends well beyond Catholics.
32:35The Pope becomes an historic figure within his own lifetime.
32:41His popularity is now measured against the yardstick of the tie-in products it inspires.
32:48His image is seen everywhere.
32:52His voice, too, is marketed by the Vatican.
32:54Un'opera prestigiosa in cui il Santo Padre ti invita personalmente a pregare insieme a lui il Rosario.
33:07L'elegante confezione custodisce, insieme a un Rosario, una fotografia del Pontefice.
33:21Un doppio CD con la viva voce del Papa.
33:25From high fives to hoovers, the Holy Father has entered people's daily lives.
33:30The Holy Father is now an icon of advertising.
33:35The papal roll steps off its pedestal a little more.
33:39To the reluctant body of John Paul II.
33:43He's right about one thing.
33:46Never drink and drive.
33:48Hello.
33:49Now a superstar, the Holy Father is the target of the paparazzi.
34:01They track him down to his most private moments.
34:05A sporty pope is a scoop.
34:09Photos sell for high prices.
34:14He, who had been able to use the media to his advantage since the beginning of his pontificate,
34:19sees his image escape his control.
34:23Disillusioned, he tells those close to him,
34:26They cheer John Paul II when I come to tell them about Jesus.
34:34Stop it! Stop it!
34:37Stop it!
34:39Stop it!
34:41Stop it!
34:42Stop it!
34:43Stop it!
34:45Stop it!
34:47Stop it!
34:49In reality, the pope's fight against communism was just one stage in his pontificate.
34:54It is time for him to restore the influence of the church in the rest of the world.
35:00Even if this means sacrificing his modern image on the altar of his convictions.
35:05In June 1991, the pope decides to launch his offensive in his homeland.
35:13But the crowds have put their banners away, and the applause is modest.
35:18Poland has become a pluralistic democracy, and the church, once the glue that held the nation together,
35:28is now just another political force.
35:36Under a threatening sky, John Paul II takes up a position on an issue that deeply divides Polish society.
35:42Abortion.
35:48With the same sense of provocation that a sense sparks flying against the communist regime,
35:53he likens the voluntary termination of pregnancy to the Holocaust.
35:56To this cmentarist, the侍 of human beings in our city,
36:09there are still many other cmentars.
36:16The unborn cmentarist.
36:20The cmentarist.
36:22Going against the change in morals, he clearly states a rigorous conservatism,
36:32that he has in reality been defending since the 50s.
36:39He is dashing the hopes of those who saw him as a modern pope.
36:43His statement causes uproar in Europe and the United States.
36:52Just as Heinz-Galinski in Germany and representatives of Jewish communities are outraged.
36:58Just as Heinz-Galinski in Germany and representatives of Jewish communities are outraged.
37:12Véronique Neherz, the French Secretary of State for Women's Rights, does not mince her words.
37:25Véronique Neherz, the French Secretary of State for Women's Rights, does not mince her words.
37:26But the outcry does not dampen his determination.
37:42He lobbies to have his convictions upheld,
37:48including internationally.
37:49He summons Nafis Sadiq to the Vatican.
37:54The Pakistani gynecologist is organizing the World Population Conference.
38:00And contraception and abortion are included on the agenda for this highlight of the UN Year of the Family.
38:12The pope opens hostilities.
38:13For a year of the family, I believe, madam, that it is rather the year of its disintegration.
38:20Nafis Sadiq does not roll over.
38:23Every year, 200,000 women die trying to abort on their own.
38:28John Paul II.
38:30But the real issue here is the future of humanity.
38:33The pope's pressure has no effect.
38:38The program of action resulting from the conference does not condemn abortion.
38:46You have produced a document you can be proud of,
38:49and I wish you the greatest success in its implementation.
39:04Defeated on the international front,
39:07John Paul II has the last word in the Catholic Church.
39:12While the Anglicans open up the priesthood to women to overcome the lack of vocations,
39:17the pope categorically refuses to make this step.
39:20His veto even takes on a definitive character.
39:25Never will his successors be able to overturn it.
39:29For the Holy Father, his principles will suffer no exception, even in critical situations.
39:40While the condom is the only way to prevent AIDS,
39:44he systematically condemns it.
39:46In 1993, in the Ugandan capital Kampala, where 25% of the population is HIV positive,
40:03the Holy Father declares,
40:04Chastity is the only safe and virtuous way to end the tragic scourge of AIDS.
40:19At the height of the global epidemic, scientists, international institutions,
40:24and patients' associations protest against this moral rigidity.
40:28from the European Parliament, Dr. Leon Schwarzenberg exclaims,
40:40In France, Germany, and the United States, his visits invariably cause incendiary protests.
41:10The message for him is to keep his religion and watch out for his own soul.
41:26John Paul II's intransigence, which worked wonders against Soviet totalitarianism, is now creating rejection on a massive scale.
41:36But the Pope digs in his heels and cuts short any dialogue.
41:44And so, in France, where religious practice is already the lowest in Western Europe, he dismisses Monseigneur Gayot.
41:52Nicknamed the Red Bishop for his commitment to the undocumented and gay rights, he is regularly called to order by his hierarchy, annoyed by his media statements.
42:06In 1995, tired of never being obeyed, John Paul II dismisses the rebel bishop, appointing him to Parthenia, a diocese that has not existed since the 6th century.
42:30Or in other words, nowhere.
42:42John Paul II, the modern Pope who managed to get so close to the people, seems completely out of touch.
42:48His desire to strengthen the influence of the church goes against the tide of the liberal evolution of societies.
42:56His reconquest would be conservative or not at all.
43:00He counts on new movements as conservative as he is, such as the Charismatic Renewal.
43:14This movement attracts many of the faithful by advocating direct dialogue with God.
43:20For the Holy Father, the future of Catholicism is in their hands, and they are ready to answer his call.
43:38Since France resists his offensive, John Paul II imposes the 12th World Youth Day on Paris.
43:45This is a real challenge. Barely 2% of young French people are practicing Catholics.
43:58On August 24, 1997, at the Longchamp Racecourse, the very place where the Rolling Stones triumphed,
44:05the Holy Father receives the ovation of a million young people from around the world.
44:10It is a huge success.
44:21In the space of one high mass, he becomes once again the charismatic, unifying global pastor.
44:32For the first time, young believers feel part of a global movement rather than of their parents' religion.
44:40Even if they do not all share the Pope's beliefs.
44:43Before or after is my age. Before, after, and during.
44:47Before, after, and during.
44:49La sexualité, la morale, quand on est jeune on ne peut pas être trop trop d'accord avec ce qu'il dit.
44:56Comment on peut rire depuis ?
44:58On peut même dire du papa.
44:59Oui, oui, oui, surtout du papa.
45:01The unity surrounding him is only a facade. But the truth is, John Paul II has largely won.
45:15This show of force proves that Catholicism is still alive, and on the threshold of 2000, is ready to begin its third millennium.
45:23Before that, however, the Pope wants to settle the criminal past of the Church, the persecutions and the mistakes it has committed.
45:45In March 2000, his visit to Jerusalem is the pinnacle of this repentance.
45:57John Paul II pays sober tribute to the victims of the Holocaust, far from his provocations on abortion.
46:04Then, before the Wailing Wall, the most sacred place in Judaism, he solemnly asks forgiveness for the crimes committed by the Church against the Jews.
46:23With this approach, the Pope achieves unanimity for the first time in years.
46:34But Parkinson's disease is eating away at the man nicknamed the Athlete of God.
46:50At the age of 80.
46:51The last years of his life would be a genuine Calvary.
47:05The last years of his life would be a genuine Calvary.
47:09His failing health would protect him from the tidal wave that is about to engulf the Church.
47:29In 2002, the US press reveals that Cardinal Bernard Law, Archbishop of Boston,
47:35had for 30 years been covering up more than 80 priests who had abused hundreds of children.
47:43But the Archbishop of Boston is protected by the Pope.
47:46John Paul II refuses to accept his resignation until the prelate is expressly summoned to appear in court.
47:53Opportunely appointed to a post in Rome,
48:02Monsignor Law would be covered by the Vatican's immunity and escape prosecution.
48:10The Boston case causes global outrage and reveals the general impunity enjoyed by pedophile priests.
48:16Yet in the midst of the scandal, the Holy Father decreed zero tolerance.
48:36There is no place in the priesthood for those who would harm the young.
48:46These strong words make their mark,
48:48making people forget that the Holy Father protected Cardinal Law.
48:52On April 2nd, 2005, John Paul II draws his last breath.
49:11His funeral brings together one-third of the world's population.
49:14The global tribute, unanimously laudatory, quietly glosses over his compromises on human rights,
49:25his silence on pedophilia, and his conservative crusade.
49:31Leaving the shining light of the modern icon, whose charisma electrified the crowds.
49:37A larger-than-life figure bathed in the aura of his victory over the Soviet Union.
49:42Cardinal Ratzinger, who succeeds him, opens the way to his express canonization.
49:52In its halo of eternity, the memory of St. John Paul II henceforth escapes the criticisms of mere mortals.
50:01ור
50:13And so, i will be reading the book by my own the world's creator of St. John Paul II,
50:16the author of St. John Paul III who reads as The St. John Paul II.
50:20The The St. John Paul III.
50:21The St. John Paul III.
50:22The St. John Paul III.
50:23And the Glitter of St. John Paul III.
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