Early Life and Prodigious Beginnings (1860–1879) Birth and Talent**: Born on May 29, 1860, in Camprodon, Spain, Albéniz was a child prodigy who performed his first piano concert at age four . - **Adolescent Adventures**: By age 12, he had run away from home multiple times, supporting himself through concert tours across Spain, the Americas, and the U.S. (including Cuba, Puerto Rico, and San Francisco). Legends of his stowing away on ships were partially true, though his father often accompanied him . - **Formal Training**: Briefly studied at the Leipzig Conservatory (1875–76) and earned a scholarship to the Royal Conservatory of Brussels, graduating with top piano honors in 1879 under the patronage of King Alfonso XII’s secretary, Guillermo Morphy .
#### **Artistic Development and Nationalist Influence (1880–1893)** - **Pedrell’s Impact**: In 1883, composer Felipe Pedrell inspired Albéniz to embrace Spanish folk idioms, shifting his style from salon music to nationalist works like *Chants d’Espagne* and *Suite Española* . - **Career Milestones**: Taught in Barcelona and Madrid, earning the nickname "Spanish Rubinstein." His *Spanish Rhapsody* (1887) became a symbol of Hispanic music in Europe . - **Personal Life**: Married student Rosina Jordana in 1883; they had three children, including diplomat Alfonso and artist Laura .
#### **Later Career and Masterworks (1893–1909)** - **Parisian Influence**: Moved to Paris in 1893, absorbing impressionist techniques from Debussy, Dukas, and Fauré while teaching at the Schola Cantorum . - **Operatic Ventures**: Commissioned by banker Francis Money-Coutts, he composed operas like *Henry Clifford* (1895) and the unfinished *Merlin*, though these were artistically constrained . - **Iberia and Illness**: Diagnosed with Bright’s disease in 1900, he focused on piano composition, producing his magnum opus, *Iberia* (1905–1909)—a 12-movement suite evoking Andalusia’s landscapes. Premiered by pianist Blanche Selva, it was hailed by Debussy as "too perfect" . - **Death and Honors**: Died on May 18, 1909, in France. Weeks earlier, he received France’s Legion of Honor, endorsed by Debussy and Fauré .
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### **Musical Evolution and Key Works** Albéniz’s style progressed through three phases: 1. **Early Salon Music (Pre-1880)**: Lightweight pieces like *Marcha Militar* (1868), influenced by Chopin and Liszt . 2. **Nationalist Awakening (1880s–1890s)**: Pedrell’s mentorship infused his work with: - Andalusian rhythms (*cante jondo*), Phrygian modes, and guitar-inspired piano techniques . - Signature pieces: *Córdoba* (evoking Moorish gardens), *Sevillana*, and *Tango in D* . 3. **Impressionist Synthesis (Post-1900)**: *Iberia* merged complex harmonies with Spanish motifs, using "guitar-like" pianism to depict regions like Triana and Albaicín .
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Major Compositions** - **Piano Suites**: - *Suite Esp#classic
