Skip to playerSkip to main contentSkip to footer
TV Hub
  • 6/30/2025

Category

📺
TV
Transcript
00:30My name is Professor Galileo, and since it's the first day of class, we'll keep things
00:51simple. Someone come up and draw the universe.
00:55Don't be shy. Anyone will do.
01:07Professor Colombe?
01:08Master Bonicelli! I was just, um, well, examining the effect of human weight on tree branches.
01:21You were spying on Professor Galileo, weren't you?
01:24Well, I, I, I mean, he, well...
01:28You're jealous.
01:30Jealous? Me? Italy's greatest astronomer? Jealous of some young stargazer?
01:38I don't mind if you keep an eye on our new professor, but I suggest you do it from the back of his
01:44classroom.
01:46Come now. Surely one of you knows what the universe looks like.
01:50Segredo, is it? Come on up.
01:56Well, the Earth is here at the center, followed by the moon.
02:01Then comes Mercury, then Venus, and then the sun, of course.
02:07After that comes Mars, Jupiter, then Saturn, I believe.
02:13So, the Earth is at the center of the universe, and all the planets revolve around it?
02:19Of course.
02:20How do you know?
02:21Because Aristotle said so.
02:24Aristotle was a brilliant man, but he wasn't always right.
02:29For instance, Aristotle said a heavy object would fall faster than a lighter one.
02:36Do you believe that?
02:38I do. Unless you can prove otherwise.
02:41Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. Follow me.
02:55Professor, what you're doing is very dangerous.
03:00I won't hit anyone.
03:02No, I mean, it's dangerous to say Aristotle is wrong.
03:07It's like saying the church and the Bible are wrong.
03:09No, it isn't. Aristotle was only a man.
03:13Yes, but many of his teachings have been merged with the Holy Bible.
03:17I know.
03:18They are sacred doctrine.
03:21They are one man's ideas, and some of them are wrong.
03:25If you persist in this, they can call you before the Inquisition.
03:30And if you're convicted of heresy, you can be burned at the stake.
03:34What good is knowing the truth if you're not willing to defend it?
03:42Now, if Aristotle was right, this ten-pound ball should fall much faster and hit the ground much sooner than this one-pound ball.
03:52Watch out! I don't want to hit anyone!
03:57Although it might knock some sense into you, Cologne.
03:59Don't believe it.
04:11It's some sort of trickery.
04:17We found this in your classroom.
04:20Can you explain it?
04:22It's a model of the universe.
04:24But the sun is at the center.
04:26Yes, and all the planets, including the Earth, revolve around it.
04:30Professor, the Church will not allow you to teach this idea.
04:35But it's the truth.
04:37According to you?
04:38According to everything we're learning.
04:41It is not the official doctrine.
04:44The official doctrine on the universe is based on the scientific thinking of one man who lived 2,000 years ago.
04:53No. The Earth is at the center of God's creation.
04:57You see, we are surrounded by the heavens, which are perfect, unchanging, and forever revolving around us.
05:05It's a beautiful idea.
05:07But it isn't true.
05:09Ah!
05:10Professor Galileo, what proof do you have that you are right?
05:14I can only prove that Aristotle was wrong.
05:28That does not make you right.
05:31I'm afraid I must ask you to teach only the official doctrine of the Church.
05:37That the universe revolves around the Earth.
05:41I cannot teach what I know is wrong.
05:49Then you can no longer teach here.
05:53Yes!
05:54Oh.
05:55Let me show you my latest invention.
06:14I call it the proportional compass.
06:16By moving the arms and reading the numbers here, you can calculate anything.
06:22Square roots, volumes, density.
06:25It even converts currency.
06:28What can I say?
06:30You've done it again, my friend.
06:32Truth be known, we'd do anything to have you as an instructor here at the Jesuit College.
06:37Well, truth be known, I'm looking for a job.
06:42Oh, it's a blessing, a miracle.
06:45Oh, I've been praying for a mathematics instructor.
06:49I want to teach astronomy.
06:52Astronomy?
06:53I think I'm on the verge of proving something very important.
06:56That Aristotle was wrong.
06:58The sun, not the Earth, is the center of the universe.
07:04Oh, I see.
07:05I know it's not the official doctrine of the Church, but I really believe it's true.
07:11Can you prove it?
07:13Well, not yet.
07:15Galileo, my friend.
07:18I just, if Aristotle was wrong, wouldn't the Church want to know about that?
07:24Truth cannot hurt the Church.
07:26Give us some time to think about it.
07:32There's no way Galileo can teach here in Rome.
07:36No.
07:37The Inquisition would convict him of heresy in an instant, and he'd burn for it.
07:42What if I got him a job in Venice?
07:45Could you?
07:46I'm sure I could.
07:48Yes.
07:49Free-thinking Venice.
07:51He can teach what he likes in Venice.
07:53He won't be paid as well.
07:55But at least his life won't be in danger.
07:59The shame of it all is he's probably right.
08:04Like your tongue.
08:05Have you ever known him to be wrong?
08:08Well, no.
08:10Let's draw the shade and lower the model.
08:26All right.
08:38If you're going to be my assistant, you'll have to learn to defend my theory.
08:42I'll pretend to be the enemy.
08:45Begin.
08:45Despite what Aristotle says, the sun is at the center of the universe, and all the planets
08:51revolve around it.
08:53Including the Earth?
08:55Including the Earth.
08:56I already see a flaw in your theory.
08:59If the Earth revolved around the sun, we would always be in daylight.
09:03But since we're not in constant daylight, that can only mean one thing.
09:07The sun revolves around the Earth.
09:11Well, you raise a good question.
09:13And here's the answer.
09:16Not only is the Earth revolving around the sun, it is also spinning.
09:21Once every day, giving us day and night.
09:24Very interesting.
09:30Too bad it's all make-believe.
09:32What are you doing here?
09:34Oh, I'm just in town saying goodbye to some old friends.
09:38It seems I've been invited by the Pope himself to go to Rome and serve as one of his chief astronomers.
09:45Congratulations.
09:46Why, thank you.
09:47That's very kind of you.
09:48But then, I suppose good things come to those who stay loyal.
09:53Well, farewell, Galileo.
09:55I don't suppose we'll ever meet again.
09:57On the contrary.
09:59As soon as I can prove my theory, I'll be coming to see you in Rome.
10:03Really?
10:06Allow me to make a prediction.
10:09You'll grow old waiting for your proof.
10:13Oh, and by the way, you're free to teach your heresy here in Venice.
10:17But I wouldn't go publishing your ideas, or then I will see you in Rome.
10:23Tied to a burning stake.
10:39I know the proof is out there, Segredo.
10:43We just can't see it.
10:45Hmm.
10:45Listen to this.
10:48A man in Holland has invented a toy called a spyglass.
10:53Spyglass?
10:54It makes things far away look close up.
10:58It says here, even though the image is fuzzy and upside down, the royals find it very amusing.
11:05What?
11:06This could be it.
11:08Our proof.
11:09What?
11:10If we can perfect this spyglass, we'll be able to see our proof.
11:15Come on, Hans.
11:17Wake up.
11:18No, no, I'm coming.
11:19I'm coming.
11:20This is an emergency.
11:22An emergency for eyeglass.
11:25Yes.
11:26Fire is an emergency.
11:27For fire, you wake people up in the middle of the night.
11:31Flurry vision is not an emergency.
11:35I'll pray you five times the regular amount.
11:38Then again, who am I to judge other people's emergencies?
11:42Come in.
11:43Perfect.
12:09Perfect.
12:13Unbelievable.
12:23What is it?
12:24How did Aristotle describe the moon?
12:26He said it was a perfect heavenly crystal sphere.
12:29That's not what I see.
12:32Venus looks like a half moon.
12:34Let me see.
12:36How could Venus look like a half moon unless it was revolving around light?
12:43Jupiter has four moons.
12:47If Jupiter has moons revolving around it, then obviously not everything revolves around the Earth.
12:53Start writing, Sagrado.
12:54We found our proof.
12:56Careful now.
12:57You can't just publish the idea that Aristotle is wrong.
13:01Now that I have the proof, I can.
13:03You don't get it, do you?
13:05You're trying to change 2,000 years of tradition.
13:09You might as well try to lift the Vatican off the ground.
13:13With truth as my lever, I will do it.
13:22Do you have a copy of Galileo's new book?
13:26You're a lucky man.
13:27I've got one left.
13:29Best-selling book I've ever had.
13:32Sold out in one day.
13:33Couldn't believe it.
13:34Yes, yes, yes, yes.
13:35Just give me the book.
13:37This Galileo is an absolute genius.
13:41Well, he's certainly the greatest mind of our day.
13:45Bring Galileo to Rome.
13:59Yes.
14:00I mean, yes, your holiness.
14:02I will let the Inquisitor know that you wish to have him tried for heresy.
14:07No, not yet.
14:09Let's have Brother Clavius talk to him.
14:12Perhaps we can reach an agreement.
14:26It's very interesting.
14:31Interesting?
14:32What do you mean?
14:33It's proof.
14:34Brother Clavius, the moon, Jupiter, it's all solid proof.
14:38His Holiness, the Pope, must see this.
14:45Once he does, I know he'll correct the teachings of the Church.
14:48Well, actually, the Pope is already aware of your discovery.
14:53He is?
14:54What does he say?
14:55He has asked that you sign this.
14:59It says that you promise not to teach that Aristotle is wrong.
15:04What?
15:06Where is Cardinal Barberini?
15:10Segredo was right.
15:13Proof doesn't change anything.
15:15Please, Galileo.
15:17I won't do it.
15:19Look, you can still talk about your idea.
15:24Please.
15:25If you sign, you can continue your life's work.
15:29But if you don't, well, men have been burned at the stake for less.
15:40Look me in the eye and tell me I am wrong.
15:44There goes the greatest man of our time.
15:56He's a heretic.
15:58I'll see him die the death of a heretic yet.
16:06Incredible.
16:07No, this is incredible.
16:09Pope Paul has died.
16:11What?
16:12Who is the new Pope?
16:14It's Cardinal Barberini.
16:15He'll understand.
16:17Surely Cardinal Barberini will let the truth be taught.
16:21I can't tell you how good it is to see you again, Galileo.
16:26Believe me, I feel the same.
16:29Is brother Clavius still in Rome?
16:31Oh, poor Clavius died some years ago.
16:35I'm very sorry to hear that.
16:38Look, I think I know why you've come to Rome.
16:41I still cannot allow you to teach that Aristotle is wrong.
16:46I only...
16:46But I will allow you to write a book.
16:49A book?
16:51Yes.
16:52One that fairly presents both points of view on the universe.
16:56But you may not draw any conclusions as to who is right or wrong.
17:02I understand.
17:03I understand.
17:07No, no, no.
17:09This passage argues too strongly for your point of view.
17:13But it's the truth.
17:14Are you sure you want to do this?
17:17I have the permission of the Pope.
17:19This book is not fairly written.
17:24The man arguing for Galileo is talking all the time.
17:28Incessantly.
17:29Page after page.
17:31He promised me a balanced view.
17:33Heretics don't keep promises.
17:36Let me tell you something.
17:37Did you know that the name of the man defending the church is Simplicio?
17:42So?
17:42It means simple-minded.
17:46And the rumor in the streets your worship is that he modeled Simplicio after you.
17:52Me?
17:53I'm afraid Galileo must be tried by the Inquisition.
17:57No.
17:58You will allow him to attack the church?
18:01It's Aristotle he's attacking.
18:04No one will understand that, your holiness.
18:06Do you want to be remembered as the Pope who let the church be overtaken by heresy?
18:18Senior Galileo.
18:20I'm Galileo.
18:21You are requested to appear before the Holy Inquisition.
18:23Professor Coulomb.
18:37I found what you were looking for.
18:39An agreement written 20 years ago by her brother Clavius and signed by the scientist Galileo.
18:49Oh, yes.
18:51You're very good.
19:05It looks just like old Clavius wrote it himself.
19:13Do you know why you have been summoned before the Inquisition?
19:17I imagine you found some cause to be offended by my book.
19:22How could we not be offended by it?
19:24It teaches that you are right and the church is wrong.
19:27I did my best to keep my promise to Pope Urban.
19:31I presented both arguments as fairly as I knew how.
19:35If your book was fairly written, why does the church find it so offensive?
19:40Perhaps the church sees how weak Aristotle's argument really is.
19:44The simple truth of the matter is this.
19:48You teach that the Holy Bible is wrong.
19:51I never said the Bible was wrong.
19:53If you say you are right, then you say the Holy Bible is wrong.
19:57I believe the Bible teaches us how to get to heaven, not how the heavens were made.
20:04Good man is a heretic law.
20:06Commissary General, may I speak?
20:10Professor Galileo, you say that you have kept your promise to the Pope in writing this book.
20:17I believe I have.
20:19Yes.
20:20Well, what about your promise to the previous Pope, Pope Paul?
20:24Oh, what did he do?
20:26Read it.
20:26I have here an agreement signed by Professor Galileo 20 years ago.
20:32It was written on behalf of the church by the late brother Clavius.
20:35Do you remember signing this?
20:38Yes.
20:39I have a copy right here.
20:41It reads,
20:41I, Galileo, agreed to never teach that the church is wrong about the universe, nor will
20:48I teach my opinion about the universe as the only correct view.
20:53And I have been true to that promise.
20:56Have you forgotten that there is more?
20:59It continues, and furthermore, I also agree that I will never even mention my view of the
21:06universe again so long as I live.
21:08That was not part of our agreement.
21:10Really?
21:11Then why is it written right here?
21:14Well, it isn't written here.
21:17Galileo begged Pope Urban for permission to write this book, even though he had promised
21:22Pope Paul that he would never mention his point of view again.
21:25I was never told by anyone that I could not mention my point of view.
21:30I have the proof right here.
21:32You can see it with your own eyes.
21:39Look!
21:40Professor Galileo, you have been found guilty of heresy, which carries a sentence of death.
22:08However, owing to the kindness and mercy of His Holiness Pope Urban VIII, your sentence
22:18has been commuted to life under house arrest.
22:21What?
22:24Only house arrest?
22:26In addition, all copies of your most recent book will be collected and burned, and you are
22:34no longer allowed to write or publish any book whatsoever.
22:38Any attempt to do so will result in a sentence of death.
22:43No one would ever dare to publish it.
22:57No one would ever dare to publish it.
22:59No one would ever dare to publish it.
23:05No one would ever dare to publish it.
23:09Not here, but maybe in Germany, Holland?
23:14Someone would have to smuggle it out.
23:18If he were caught, he'd be put to death.
23:21Now, wouldn't it be best just to wait for things to change?
23:25Don't you think, Galileo?
23:31Galileo?
23:31Galileo?
23:40Thief!
23:42Guards!
23:43Guards!
23:52Space!
23:53You lost it!
23:56It's a trick!
23:57Check the house!
23:58Galileo's final book
24:20was published
24:21and widely read
24:2350 years later
24:25it inspired Isaac Newton
24:27to develop his theory of gravitation
24:29which later gave birth
24:31to Einstein's theory of relativity
24:33Galileo was indeed
24:35the father of modern physics
24:37and astronomy
24:38but more than that
24:40he dared to think the unthinkable
24:43and defend the indefensible
24:45Galileo
24:48dared to tell the truth
24:57so
25:01I
25:07I
25:08I
25:12I
25:17I
25:21All my life I've lived with a thirst and a hunger
25:37Nothing can quell
25:41So I feed the fire
25:45Follow clues and inquire
25:48Through heaven and through hell
25:54If it hurts me more than a man can bear
26:01If it leaves me lonely and bruised
26:07If it costs me everything I hold dear
26:13My heart's got to know the truth
26:20So I go wherever it leads
26:29And trust that God knows the end
26:35If it costs me everything I hold dear
26:54My heart's got to know the truth
27:00My heart has got to know the truth
27:10Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh