Baku Energy Forum—la cooperazione globale può garantire il raggiungimento degli obiettivi climatici?

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Baku Energy Forum—la cooperazione globale può garantire il raggiungimento degli obiettivi climatici?

Al Baku Energy Forum, alti funzionari e CEO del settore energetico hanno affrontato l'urgente necessità di un'azione multilaterale, di investimenti e di innovazione per raggiungere gli obiettivi climatici e triplicare l'energia rinnovabile a livello mondiale entro il 2030.

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00:00Only 15% of renewable energy investments are made in developing countries,

00:05whereas that's where it's mostly needed, especially those which are not very resource rich.

00:11So if we could expand the reach of the treaty to these southern countries,

00:18it could bring benefit there.

00:19Thank you.

00:49and improved international dialogue at this year's Baku Energy Forum.

00:54Oil and gas majors and policymakers debated how to advance cross-border partnerships

00:58in both conventional and renewable energy.

01:02Calling for greater sector cooperation and transparency was the International Energy Charter,

01:07a voluntary platform for dialogue between energy producing, consuming and transit states

01:12spanning more than 90 countries.

01:15I asked its Acting Secretary-General if the Energy Charter Treaty remains relevant today

01:21amidst growing calls for reform and concerns over its compatibility with climate goals.

01:27It's great to see you. Thank you for talking to me today.

01:32Oh, pleasure to speak to you, Rebecca.

01:34Some countries have already exited the treaty and others have announced that they are planning to.

01:39Tell me why and also what does this mean for the future of multilateral energy governance?

01:45Well, I do believe, and I think it is shared belief by member countries of the treaty,

01:53that in this, especially in this age, when there's a concern about the rise of Unilateralism,

01:59the international cooperation and global universality is even more important.

02:07So I do think there's a value in our treaty, especially if it can be applied more to the developing energy,

02:13developing countries which are having less renewable energy investments.

02:19We have recently adopted amendments to the treaty.

02:22This happened just last December 2024.

02:27And what these amendments do is that now we cover new energy and materials such as hydrogen, ammonia,

02:37biogas, biomesan and synthetic fuels, as well as activities such as carbon capture, utilization and storage.

02:45These things didn't exist 30 years ago.

02:47I also had the chance to sit down with Gauri Singh of the International Renewable Energy Agency

02:53to find out how IRENA is facilitating the tripling of global renewable energy by 2030.

03:00Gauri, it's great to see you. Thank you for talking to me today.

03:02Pleasure. Pleasure to be here.

03:04Let me start by asking you about IRENA's facilitation of the tripling of renewable capacity by 2030,

03:12but also the doubling of energy efficiency.

03:14I imagine there's good news and there's bad news, but are we on track?

03:19Well, to put it simply, we are not. We are not on track.

03:23But there's some good news.

03:25And the good news is that we are seeing the deployment of renewables on the ground increasing year on year.

03:34Last year, we had about 585 gigawatts, which was a growth of 23%.

03:43And also, if you look at the investment that is now going into renewables,

03:47we did manage a substantial leap of about $100 billion,

03:54going to nearly $670 billion going into renewables.

03:59But to say if that is enough or not, I mean, unfortunately, it isn't,

04:04because we need a deployment of nearly 1,000 gigawatts.

04:10So we're still not there.

04:12And in terms of investment, we need to reach about $1.5 trillion every year

04:18to be able to make to this target of tripling of renewables

04:22and to ensure that we stay on track on our climate goals that we have set for ourselves.

04:30In terms of where we're seeing the most rapid pace of renewable deployment,

04:36we're looking to China, EU, the United States,

04:39and the cost of capital and finance that we're mentioning has a great deal to do with that.

04:42Talk to me about other potential areas of growth.

04:46Where is rising up through the ranks and what do they need to do

04:49to make sure their deployment is faster?

04:52So clearly, you know, finance, as you said, is a very important factor.

04:56So you need to have not just the quantum that flows into countries

05:01other than the EU, China and the US, where you're seeing the bulk of the deployment.

05:07But in the emerging countries like India, in many of the Southeast Asian countries,

05:14or in Brazil, you know, you want to see not just the quantum of finance being more,

05:21but you also want to see that the cost of capital comes down.

05:24Because of the higher perceived risks, unfortunately, you know,

05:29the cost of capital is not where we'd want to see it.

05:33And, you know, for renewals, it's already a well-established business case.

05:41What's your forecast on when that might happen, though?

05:43It's much talked about.

05:44But in terms of timelines, are you able to point to when it might be realistically happening?

05:49So, I mean, I see the next decade as being very important,

05:52because that's when the foundation will be left.

05:56And it has to be a strong foundation for us to reach about zero kind of a time horizon

06:01that we've set for ourselves.

06:03And clearly, that will have to come with not just a focus on getting more renewables deployed,

06:12because that has to continue.

06:13But we need to also strengthen our grids.

06:16We need to strengthen the infrastructure around it.

06:18You mentioned grids.

06:19We know the limitations.

06:20They're evident.

06:22And there's massive investment needed.

06:24And even when that investment is made, there's a long lead time.

06:26There's a long lag time.

06:27And what can we do to manage that in the interim, given the challenges that we have with demand?

06:33So, as we move into a more intermittent source of supply, which the solar and wind is,

06:43then the grids have to be strengthened to be able to take this from multiple sources.

06:49The second very important aspect is that the grid operators have to understand what the future is looking like

06:58and be able to look at digitization at a very rapid scale.

07:03Khoury, talk to me about the next generation of energy leaders.

07:07Are you encouraged by the talent pool?

07:09So, I think, you know, Rebecca, I've spoken to many CEOs.

07:14And one of the things that they will all tell you is that the big challenge they see

07:19is going to be the challenge of being able to attract the right talent.

07:24We attracted nearly 50,000 applicants who wanted to be, you know, to be a part of our assembly.

07:30It makes you feel that this younger generation is really preparing themselves for the future

07:38that they know they're going to be a part of.

07:42Our energy future is in safe hands.

07:44I would certainly hope so.

07:45I certainly hope so, too.

07:47Khoury, it's been a pleasure.

07:48Thank you so much for your time.

07:49Thank you so much.

07:50Well, that is a wrap of this special edition of Energy Frontiers.

07:54I hope you enjoyed the show and I'll see you again next time.

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