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00:00Among the great mysteries of ancient Egypt, the name of Amun, the Invisible God, stands out prominently.
00:08Fused within the embodiment of Ra, he emerged as Egypt's most revered deity.
00:14He became the air and the sun, the seen and the unseen.
00:18He was the harbinger of monotheism, with all other gods considered mere manifestations of his sacred presence.
00:25In this video, we shall delve into the enigmas surrounding the name of Amun or Amen, the god who may gave rise to the expression we utter every time we conclude a prayer.
00:39Amun, also known as Amon, Amen or Amun-Ra, was revered as the deity of the sun and air in ancient Egyptian mythology.
00:49He gained significant recognition in Thebes during the New Kingdom era, approximately between 1570 and 1069 BCE.
00:59He became one of the most influential and celebrated gods of that period.
01:05For many generations, worship of him dominated Egyptian religious practices.
01:10The essence of his name translates to the concealed, unseen or enigmatic in shape.
01:17Uniquely, among the pantheon of Egyptian deities, he was revered as the supreme being, embodying every facet of existence.
01:27For those who study Zechariah Sitchin's Anunnaki theory, understanding the history and significance of Amun-Ra is essential.
01:35To contextualize those who study this theory, it's important to clarify that Ra is, according to Sitchin, the same as Marduk, the supreme god of Babylon.
01:45In the context of Sitchin's theory, as per the lost book of Enki, when Nergal, also a son of Enki, approaches Ra and convinces him to travel to other lands, Ra becomes Amun-Ra, thus becoming the deity of invisible presence in Egypt.
02:03This is how Sitchin interprets the fusion of Ra with Amun, thereby identifying with Amun-Ra.
02:09It's imperative to understand that when consulting the Hebrew Bible, we find several episodes condemning the worship of other gods.
02:18This happens with Merodach and Baal, referring to Marduk in the context of Babylon.
02:24It also occurs in reference to Astarte or Ashtoreth, also worshipped as Ishtar, who is the Anunnaki Inanna, granddaughter of Enlil.
02:33Such condemnation of other gods also applies to any form of worship that might be directed to all the gods of Egypt.
02:41For those dedicated to researching and investigating the events of our past, it's crucial to clarify that Yahweh proclaims himself the one true God and forbids worship to all others, expressing his prohibition in various verses throughout the Bible.
02:58And such condemnation spans gods that refer to the clan of Enki, as well as the clan of Enlil.
03:06Returning to the main topic of our video, let's examine the trajectory of Amun, in a brief timeline, around 2400 BCE to 2300 BCE.
03:16The Pyramid Texts, an ancient Egyptian manuscript, first references Amun, around 1570 BCE.
03:26Under the leadership of Ammose I from Thebes, the Hyksos are expelled from Egypt.
03:32This unification under Theban dominance marks the beginning of Egypt's new kingdom.
03:37Ammose I credits his triumph to Amun, between 1570 BCE and 1069 BCE.
03:44During the New Kingdom era, Amun's stature grows, making him the supreme deity in the Egyptian pantheon.
03:52Around 1353 BCE, Amenhotep IV adopts the name Akhenaten and introduces the worship of the single god Aten.
04:02This leads to the suppression of other religious practices, particularly the worship of Amun.
04:07Around 1336 BCE, following Akhenaten's demise, Tutankhamun restores the traditional Egyptian faith, and the veneration of Amun is revived.
04:20Around 331 BCE, at the Siwa Oasis, Alexander the Great proclaims himself as the offspring of Zeus Amun.
04:28Around 285 BCE, in Napata, King Ergamenes takes drastic action against the priests of Amun and severs ties with Egypt.
04:39Around 415 CE, the emerging Christian faith outlaws the worship of Amun.
04:46Now that we have observed this brief historical overview, let us delve even deeper into the origin and prominence of this deity.
04:54In the pyramid texts, dating roughly between 2400 and 2300 BCE, Amun is introduced as a regional deity of Thebes, with Amun as his partner.
05:07During this era, Thebes revered Mantu as its primary war deity, and acknowledged Atum, later also recognized as Ra, as the creator god.
05:17Mantu was celebrated as a valiant protector of the city, aiding its growth, while Atum was revered as the mighty, self-originating god who emerged from the chaotic waters at creation's dawn.
05:30Initially, Amun played a role in safeguarding the monarch, and was primarily recognized as a regional deity of fertility, paired with Amunet as part of the Ogdoad, a group of eight gods symbolizing creation's foundational elements.
05:47In the previous video, we observed Ra's journey to the afterlife.
05:53The entire video was created based on the book, The Stairway to Heaven, by Zechariah Sitchin, and for that video, no other material was consulted.
06:03When we examine the validity of Sitchin's account, we find in famous works and compendiums of the history of religions, such as the works of George Foote Moore, that such accounts are regarded as the imagination of the Egyptian people.
06:18In this book, it is reported that in various pyramid tombs of the kings of the 5th and 6th dynasties, between 2625 and 2475 BC, the walls of the galleries and chambers were covered with hieroglyphic texts, mainly pointing to what to do with the king's afterlife.
06:38An analysis of these texts finds references to burial rituals and offerings in the tomb, magical formulas of various meanings, an ancient worship ritual, hymns, fragments of myth, and prayers for the deceased king.
06:54The texts gathered in these inscriptions are diverse in terms of period and origin, as well as content.
07:01All the imaginations that the Egyptians held about a happy afterlife, are represented side by side or intertwined in them.
07:10The characteristic conception, however, is that the deceased king ascends to the eastern sky and joins the rising sun.
07:19This king Pepe lives as that one, the sun god, who entered the western sky when he rises in the eastern sky.
07:26He achieves this destiny, now on Ra's boat, then taking on the wings of a bird and thus ascending a ladder.
07:34The gods greet him as a glorious and immortal being, and he is led to Ra, the sun god.
07:40O Ra-Atan, your sun comes to you, Eunice comes to you, raise him up to you, envelop him in your embrace.
07:48He is your corporeal sun forever.
07:50Taking his place in Ra's boat, he sails with the sun god across the sky, becoming a great god himself.
07:58A remarkable poem in the Pyramid of Eunice describes him devouring gods, small and large,
08:04and thus acquiring the magical powers and knowledge of all of them.
08:09This future is the prerogative of royalty.
08:12It is like the corporeal sun of Ra for whom the gates of the firmament are opened.
08:17Only after a long time have common mortals been allowed to board the solar boat,
08:23then heading towards a different conception of the afterlife,
08:26which occupies a prominent place in the texts of the pyramids,
08:30and over time, was destined to surpass all others.
08:35This conception is associated with Osiris,
08:38who initially seemed to be the god of Bucyrus in the Delta,
08:42but soon made his way to the Nile, and has his most famous seat in Abydos.
08:48Osiris was murdered by Set, but through the compassion of his son Horus,
08:53his mutilated body was reassembled and restored to life.
08:57He was vindicated in a trial against the accusations made by his enemy,
09:02and became the king of the west, or the realm of the dead,
09:06whose entrance was located to the west.
09:08This is, in general terms, the oldest form of the myth.
09:13In other versions, as we will see, the tragic story is told in more detail,
09:18the pathetic part of Isis is expanded,
09:21and Anubis, in his professional character, prepares the mummy,
09:25but the essential characteristics remain unchanged.
09:28Similar to analogous myths from other cultures,
09:32the story of the god who was dead and lived again,
09:35opened a door of hope for humans.
09:38The means by which Osiris was restored to life,
09:41must be equally potent for others.
09:44If a deceased person is mummified in the same manner,
09:48if the same rites are performed,
09:50and the same words recited at each stage of the process,
09:53the dead person will live again.
09:56Not the life of the world indeed,
09:58but a kind of life similar to that which Osiris leads in the world over which he reigns,
10:03In the pyramid texts, the king is assimilated to Osiris.
10:07He regains his heart and limbs, just as Osiris had done.
10:12For those of you watching this video,
10:14and those who have already watched the previous video,
10:17do you know what I think sometimes?
10:19These processes seem like insertions into virtual realities with avatars.
10:24And actually, it even brings to remind us the Avatar movie, doesn't it?
10:28Well, these reflections will be explored in later periods.
10:31So, don't forget to subscribe to the channel,
10:34to don't miss these and other videos.
10:37Now, let's return to our specific study regarding Ra, Amun, and Aten.
10:43Aten is an Egyptian deity,
10:45bestowed with the common noun,
10:47Nater, signifying a god among the Netaru.
10:51According to Sitchin and other scholars like Mauro Biglino,
10:55Netaru is the Egyptian term for the plural form of god,
10:58akin to the terms Anunnaki and Elohim.
11:03Aten, in the realm of worship,
11:05epitomizes Atenism within the context of theosophy,
11:09denoting the veneration of the solar disk Aten.
11:13Aten or Aten at times intertwines with the cult of Ra and Amun,
11:18as Ra was revered as the All.
11:20The All, or Aten, in the Egyptian creation myths,
11:25emerged from the primordial chaos of none.
11:28Aten is then perceived on certain occasions
11:31merely as one facet of Ra's adoration,
11:34sometimes melded with Amun,
11:36and in other texts and instances,
11:39revered as a distinct deity.
11:41Aten, Amun, and Ra embody the unity and monotheism of ancient Egypt.
11:47Some historians, however,
11:49recount that Aten was not merged with the expressions of Ra or Amun.
11:54On the contrary,
11:55the worship of Aten or Atan represents a movement
11:59that is also henotheistic or monotheistic,
12:02but is opposed to Amen-Ra.
12:04Many point out that the assassination of Akhenaten
12:07was precisely carried out by worshippers of Amun-Ra or Amen-Ra.
12:12Within the Ogdoad,
12:13Amun wasn't seen as more influential than his counterparts.
12:17He epitomized the concept of concealment or ambiguity,
12:21while others in the group symbolized more tangible ideas
12:24like darkness, water, and eternity.
12:28This ambiguous nature of Amun
12:30allowed followers to interpret him
12:32based on their personal needs and beliefs.
12:35Unlike a deity representing darkness or water,
12:38who couldn't simultaneously symbolize their opposites,
12:41Amun's representation of life's enigmatic nature
12:45made him adaptable to various facets of existence.
12:49Around 1800 BCE,
12:51the Hyksos,
12:52believed to be from the Levant,
12:54began settling in Egypt.
12:56By approximately 1720 BCE,
12:59they had gained enough influence to dominate Lower Egypt,
13:02diminishing Thebes' significance.
13:04This period,
13:06known as the Second Intermediate Period,
13:08circa 1782 to 1570 BCE,
13:12saw the Hyksos reigning over Egypt.
13:15However, around 1570 BCE,
13:18Prince Amoseth Fert,
13:19circa 1550 to 1525 BCE,
13:23expelled the Hyksos and restored Thebes' prominence.
13:26From the Middle Kingdom era,
13:28circa 2040 to 1782 BCE,
13:31Amun's influence in Thebes had been on the rise.
13:35He was part of the Theban Triad,
13:37alongside his partner Mut,
13:39who succeeded Amunet,
13:40and their offspring,
13:41Khonsu,
13:42the lunar deity.
13:44After Amosethart's triumph over the Hyksos,
13:47he credited his success to Amun
13:49and associated him with the renowned sun deity, Ra.
13:53Given Amun's undefined nature,
13:55he could easily be merged with other attributes.
13:58This led to the fusion of life's mysterious essence
14:01with its visible life-sustaining element,
14:04the sun.
14:06Consequently,
14:07Amun evolved into Amun-Ra,
14:09the universe's creator,
14:11and the supreme deity.
14:13During the rise of Amun in the New Kingdom era,
14:16he was revered as,
14:17the one who emerged from himself
14:19and the supreme ruler of deities,
14:22believed to have birthed all entities,
14:24including his own existence.
14:26He was linked with the sun deity Ra,
14:29who was previously connected
14:30to the ancient god Atum from Heliopolis.
14:34Even though Amun adopted many characteristics of Atum
14:37and largely overshadowed him,
14:39they were still recognized as separate gods,
14:42with Atum continuing to receive respect.
14:45As Amun-Ra,
14:46he merged his unseen essence,
14:48represented by the intangible wind,
14:51with his tangible presence
14:52as the sun that sustains life.
14:54In Amun,
14:56the vital elements of both Ra and Atum
14:59were fused to form a deity
15:01that represented every dimension of the universe.
15:05His following was so vast that,
15:07that the religious beliefs of Egypt
15:09leaned towards monotheism,
15:11with Amun almost reaching the stature
15:13of a singular omnipotent god.
15:16This immense reverence for the god
15:18paved the way for Egypt's first monotheistic shift
15:21under Akhenaten,
15:23circa 1353 to 1336 BCE,
15:27who prohibited the worship of multiple gods
15:30and declared Atun as the sole divine entity.
15:34While history often interprets Akhenaten's actions
15:37as genuine religious transformation,
15:40it's probable that his motivations
15:42stemmed from the immense affluence of Amun's priests.
15:45By the time of Akhenaten's reign,
15:49these priests possessed wealth and land
15:51surpassing even the pharaohs.
15:54After being recognized
15:55as the universe's paramount deity,
15:58Amun was bestowed with titles
15:59that attempted to encapsulate
16:01his multifaceted nature.
16:03Wilkinson mentions that,
16:05the Egyptians referred to him
16:06as Amun Asherenu or
16:08Amun of many titles,
16:10and comprehending the god
16:11requires acknowledging the myriad roles
16:14he embodied.
16:15He was termed the hidden deity,
16:17an entity beyond human comprehension,
16:20akin to the unseen yet palpable air or wind.
16:23He was also the primal creator,
16:25believed to have emerged
16:26on the first piece of land at time's dawn,
16:30spawning the universe
16:31through self-replication.
16:33When he merged with Ra to become Amun Ra,
16:36he adopted Ra's solar characteristics.
16:39As a creator,
16:41he naturally became associated with fertility,
16:44aligning with the ancient fertility god Min,
16:47and was thus referred to as Amun Min.
16:50Having integrated the traits
16:52of the Theban war god Montu,
16:54he was frequently invoked during warfare,
16:57and was recognized as a god of combat.
17:00His enigmatic essence was believed
17:02to permeate both the visible
17:04and the unseen realms,
17:05making him a cosmic deity,
17:08the mightiest in existence,
17:10and rightfully,
17:11the lord of all deities.
17:13Amun in the new kingdom
17:15rapidly became the most popular
17:17and most widely venerated deity in Egypt.
17:20The monuments which were built to him
17:22at that time were little short of astounding,
17:25and Amun was worshipped
17:26in many temples throughout Egypt.
17:28The main temple of Amun at Karnak
17:31is still the largest religious structure
17:33ever built,
17:34and was connected to the southern sanctuary
17:36of the Luxor temple.
17:38The ruins of these temples
17:40and many others to Amun
17:41may still be seen today,
17:43but there was also a floating temple
17:45at Thebes known as Amun's Bark,
17:48which was said to be among
17:49the most impressive works created for the god.
17:52Amun's Bark was known to the Egyptians
17:54as Usher Hedamon,
17:56mighty of brow is Amun,
17:58and was a gift to the city
18:00from Ammosetha when following his victory
18:02over the Hyksos
18:03and ascension to the throne.
18:05Egyptologist Margaret Bunsen writes,
18:08It was covered in gold
18:09from the water line up
18:10and was filled with cabins,
18:12obelisks, niches,
18:14and elaborate adornments.
18:16On Amun's great festival,
18:19the Feast of Opet,
18:20the Bark would move with great ceremony,
18:23carrying Amun's statue
18:24from the Karnak temple downriver
18:27to the Luxor temple
18:28so the god could visit.
18:31During the festival
18:32of the beautiful Feast of the Valley
18:34which honored the dead,
18:36the statues of Amun, Mut,
18:38and Khansu,
18:39the Theban triad,
18:41traveled on the ship
18:42from one side of the Nile
18:43to the other
18:44in order to participate.
18:46On other days,
18:47the Bark would be docked
18:49on the banks of the Nile
18:50or at Karnak's sacred lake.
18:53When not in use,
18:54the ship would be housed
18:55in a special temple at Thebes
18:57built to its specifications,
19:00and every year
19:01the floating temple
19:02would be refurbished
19:03and repainted or rebuilt.
19:06Other Barks of Amun
19:07were built elsewhere in Egypt
19:08and there were other
19:10floating temples
19:10to other deities,
19:12but Amun's Bark of Thebes
19:14was said to be
19:15especially impressive.
19:17The kind of wealth
19:18King Amosei Phi
19:19had at his command
19:20to enable him
19:21to build the elaborate
19:22Bark for Amun
19:23would eventually
19:24appear minuscule
19:25when compared
19:26to the riches
19:27amassed by the priests
19:28of Amun
19:29at Thebes
19:30and elsewhere.
19:32By the time
19:32of Amunhotep III,
19:34circa 1386
19:35to 1353 BCE,
19:38the priests
19:39owned more land,
19:40had more cash on hand,
19:42and were almost
19:42as powerful
19:43as the pharaoh.
19:45Amunhotep III
19:46introduced religious reforms
19:48in an attempt
19:49to curb the power
19:50of the priesthood,
19:51but they were
19:51fairly ineffective.
19:53His most significant
19:55reform was the elevation
19:56of a formerly
19:57minor deity,
19:58Aten,
19:59to his personal patron,
20:01and encouraged
20:01the worship
20:02of this god
20:03alongside Amun.
20:05The cult of Amun
20:07was unaffected
20:08by this however,
20:09and continued to grow.
20:11Aten was already
20:12associated with Amun
20:14and with Ra
20:15as the solar disk
20:16representative
20:17of the sun's
20:18divine power.
20:19The symbol of Aten
20:21simply became
20:22another way
20:22in which to express
20:24one's devotion
20:24to Amun,
20:26and the priests
20:26continued to live
20:28their comfortable lives
20:29of privilege and power.
20:31This situation
20:32changed dramatically
20:34when Amunhotep IV,
20:36circa 1353
20:37to 1336 BCE,
20:40succeeded his father
20:41as pharaoh.
20:42For the first
20:43five years
20:44of his reign,
20:45Amunhotep IV
20:46followed the policies
20:47and practices
20:48of his father,
20:49but then changed
20:50his name to Akhenaten,
20:52meaning successful for,
20:53or of great use to,
20:55the god Aten,
20:56and initiated
20:57dramatic religious reforms
20:59which affected
21:00every aspect
21:01of life in Egypt.
21:03Religious life
21:04was intimately tied
21:05to one's daily existence,
21:07and the gods
21:07were a part
21:08of one's work,
21:09one's family,
21:10and one's leisure activities.
21:13The people relied
21:14on the temples
21:15of the gods
21:15not just as a source
21:17of spiritual comfort
21:18and security,
21:19but as places
21:20of employment,
21:22food depots,
21:23doctor's offices,
21:24counseling centers,
21:25and shopping centers.
21:27Akhenaten closed
21:28the temples
21:29and forbade
21:30the traditional worship
21:31of the gods of Egypt.
21:33He proclaimed Aten
21:34the one true god
21:35and the only deity
21:37worthy of veneration.
21:39He had a new city built,
21:40Akhenaten,
21:41and abandoned Thebes
21:43as his capital.
21:44Upon relocating
21:45to Akhenaten,
21:46Akhenaten didn't merely
21:48sideline the other
21:49deities of Egypt,
21:50but actively opposed them.
21:53Amun in particular,
21:54faced Akhenaten's wrath,
21:56with his representations
21:57and name
21:58being systematically erased.
22:01However,
22:02in secrecy,
22:03many Egyptians
22:04held on to
22:05their traditional beliefs,
22:07even though
22:07only the Aten cult
22:09received official endorsement.
22:11Upon Akhenaten's passing
22:13in 1336 BCE,
22:16his heir,
22:17initially named
22:17Tutankhatten,
22:19ascended the throne.
22:20He soon adopted
22:21the name
22:22Tutankhamun,
22:23circa 1336
22:24to 1327 BCE,
22:27and reverted
22:27the capital
22:28to Thebes.
22:29Under his reign,
22:31the ancient
22:31Egyptian faith
22:32was revived,
22:33and all temples
22:34were reopened.
22:36Following his demise,
22:37Horemheb,
22:38circa 1320
22:39to 1292 BCE,
22:42emerged as the pharaoh
22:43after a brief
22:44tussle for power.
22:46He went to great lengths
22:47to erase any trace
22:48of Akhenaten
22:49and his lineage,
22:51restoring the old
22:52deities to their
22:53esteemed positions.
22:55Yet the influence
22:56of Akhenaten's
22:57religious reforms
22:58lingered.
22:59Some even posit
23:00that Moses,
23:01the Hebrew prophet,
23:03was an Aten priest
23:04who departed Egypt
23:05to found a monotheistic
23:07society elsewhere,
23:08a theory delved
23:09into by Sigmund Freud
23:11in his book
23:11Moses and Monotheism.
23:14Post-Horemheb's era,
23:16the Amun cult
23:17regained its former
23:18glory and popularity.
23:20By the Ramessid period,
23:22circa 1186
23:24to 1077 BCE,
23:26the Amun priests
23:27had amassed
23:28enough clout
23:29to govern
23:29Upper Egypt
23:30from Thebes,
23:31even assuming
23:32pharaonic roles.
23:34Their dominance
23:35played a pivotal role
23:36in the New Kingdom's
23:37decline.
23:39Even during
23:39the Third Intermediate
23:41Period,
23:41circa 1069
23:43to 525 BCE,
23:45as the Isis cult
23:46grew,
23:47the Amun priests
23:48retained their
23:49stronghold in Thebes.
23:52Amoseth first
23:53notably enhanced
23:54the role of
23:54royal women
23:55by designating
23:56them as
23:57Divine Wives
23:58of Amun,
23:59allowing them
24:00to partake
24:00in religious events.
24:02While this role
24:03predated Amoseth first,
24:05he elevated
24:05its significance.
24:07The title
24:08of God's
24:08wife of Amun
24:09became even
24:10more influential
24:11over time.
24:13The Nubian rulers
24:14of the 25th
24:15dynasty
24:16upheld this
24:17tradition,
24:18leading to a
24:18renewed devotion
24:19to Amun,
24:20as the Nubians
24:21had embraced
24:22this deity.
24:24Even after
24:24the Assyrian ruler
24:25Ashurbanipal
24:26plundered Thebes
24:27in 666 BCE,
24:31Amun's veneration
24:32persisted across
24:33Egypt.
24:34For the first
24:35time,
24:35the Assyrian
24:36empire brought
24:37together Mesopotamia,
24:39Egypt and Israel
24:40under a single
24:41governance.
24:42This empire
24:43was situated
24:44at the heart
24:45of what was
24:45then considered
24:46the civilized world,
24:48often referred to
24:49by the Greeks
24:49as the Oikumene.
24:51However,
24:52with the passing
24:53of Assyrian
24:54and Assyrian
24:54and Assyrian
24:55around 627 BCE,
24:57the empire
24:58lost its most
24:59competent leader,
25:00leading the Near
25:01East into almost
25:02a hundred years
25:03of chaotic
25:04transitions.
25:06Various groups,
25:07including the
25:07Babylonian Chaldeans,
25:09Egyptian Saïts
25:10and Judean
25:11monarchs of Palestine,
25:13vied for control
25:14in the wake
25:14of the empire's
25:15decline.
25:17The military
25:17upheavals at
25:18this pivotal point
25:19had even broader
25:21cultural implications.
25:22This era was
25:24marked by significant
25:25intellectual and
25:26spiritual developments
25:27across the Oikumeni.
25:29During this
25:30volatile century,
25:32many influential
25:33thinkers and
25:33religious leaders
25:34emerged,
25:35shaping future
25:36ideologies.
25:38These included
25:38the early
25:39philosophers of
25:40Greece,
25:41Israel's major
25:42exilic prophets,
25:43Zoroaster in Iran,
25:45Buddha in India,
25:46and both Lao Tse
25:48and Confucius
25:49in China.
25:50While it's
25:51challenging to
25:52draw direct
25:52links between
25:53these distinct
25:54cultural shifts
25:55spread across
25:56vast regions,
25:57their near-simultaneous
25:59emergence hints
26:00at shared
26:00underlying factors,
26:02reminiscent of
26:03the historical
26:04ebbs and flows
26:05in the more
26:05confined earlier
26:07stages of the
26:07Oikumene.
26:09Amun's reverence
26:10was not just
26:11limited to
26:11formal religious
26:12practices,
26:13but also
26:14resonated deeply
26:15with the everyday
26:16beliefs of the
26:17masses.
26:18This deity
26:19was seen as a
26:20champion for the
26:21ordinary person,
26:22often referred to
26:23as the
26:24counselor of the
26:25meek,
26:25and the one
26:26who responds to
26:27the cries of the
26:28underprivileged.
26:30As Amun of the
26:31Path,
26:32he was hailed as
26:33the guardian of
26:34those on journeys.
26:36Queen Hatshepsut,
26:38who ruled from
26:381479 to 1458 B.C.E.,
26:42asserted that Amun
26:44was her biological
26:45father,
26:46using this claim
26:46to solidify her
26:48position as a
26:48ruler.
26:50Centuries later,
26:51in 331 B.C.E.,
26:53Alexander the Great
26:54made a similar
26:55proclamation at
26:56the Siwa Oasis,
26:57declaring himself
26:58a descendant of
26:59Zeus Amun,
27:00the Hellenistic
27:01interpretation of
27:02the deity.
27:04In Greek culture,
27:05Zeus Amun was
27:06portrayed as Zeus
27:07with Amun's
27:08characteristic
27:09ram's horns,
27:10symbolizing strength
27:11and masculinity
27:12through symbols
27:13like the bull
27:14and the ram.
27:14The Romans
27:16adopted this
27:17deity as
27:17Jupiter Amun,
27:19revering him
27:19for the same
27:20attributes
27:21recognized elsewhere.
27:23While Isis's
27:24worship began to
27:24overshadow Amun's
27:26in Egypt,
27:27Thebes continued
27:28its devotion to
27:29him even after
27:30facing devastation
27:31from the Assyrian
27:32conquest.
27:33His influence
27:34was particularly
27:35strong in the
27:36Sudan region,
27:37where his clergy
27:38amassed significant
27:39power and wealth,
27:41even influencing
27:42the Meroitic
27:42kings.
27:43A notable event
27:45from this era
27:46was when King
27:47Ergamenes of
27:48Meroi,
27:48mirroring Akhenaten's
27:50actions in Egypt,
27:51took a stand
27:52against Amun's
27:53influential priests.
27:55Around 285 BCE,
27:57he ordered
27:58their execution,
27:59distancing Meroi
28:00from Egyptian
28:01influence and
28:02asserting its
28:03independence.
28:04Yet Amun's
28:05significance
28:06persisted in
28:07Meroi and
28:07other regions,
28:09maintaining his
28:09status as a
28:10formidable god.
28:11According to
28:12historians,
28:14the cult of
28:14the deity
28:15known as
28:15Amen remained
28:16strong until
28:17around the
28:185th century CE
28:19during Classical
28:20Antiquity when
28:21the rise of
28:22Christianity
28:23overshadowed the
28:24ancient deities.
28:26And in this
28:27regard, in the
28:28future, we will
28:29delve further into
28:30the studies of
28:31the well-known
28:32Egyptian trinities,
28:34Isis, Osiris,
28:36and Horus.
28:36In addition to
28:38Amun, Ra, and
28:39Pita, with
28:40Pita being the
28:41one who shapes
28:42the world, and
28:43Amun and Ra as
28:44those who cannot
28:45be known, their
28:47nature within
28:47Amun is concealed
28:49and beyond
28:49understanding.
28:51He is a link to
28:52Ra, the unseen.
28:54He is everything.
28:55He exists in
28:56all.
28:57And his name
28:58is Amen.
28:59From this, a
29:01question seems to
29:02persist in the
29:03minds of those who
29:04delve into the great
29:05mysteries of
29:05investigation in
29:06search of the
29:07one true God.
29:09Whispers of a
29:10singular deity have
29:11been heard numerous
29:12times, Ra, Atan,
29:14Amun, the
29:15fusion Amun-Ra,
29:17Marduk in
29:17Babylon, and
29:18finally, the
29:19most well-known
29:20and currently
29:21worshipped deity,
29:22Yahweh.
29:24While conducting
29:25my research for
29:25this video, I
29:27came across an
29:27extremely interesting
29:29scientific article.
29:31It is titled,
29:32Some Aspects
29:33of Amun, and
29:34was written by
29:35Wainwright, published
29:36by the Journal of
29:37Egyptian Archaeology in
29:381934.
29:40In this article, the
29:42author makes it clear
29:43that he finds strong
29:44similarities between
29:45Amun-Ra and
29:46Yahweh.
29:47He states,
29:49The well-known
29:50identification of
29:51Amun with Zeus, the
29:53Greek sky and storm
29:54god, was not merely a
29:56fancy of the
29:56classical philosophers.
29:58On the contrary, it
30:00dates back to around
30:01the year 900 BC at
30:03least, when it would
30:04have been due to a
30:05similarity in nature.
30:07Seth believes that
30:08Amun was, or could
30:09have been, the
30:10original from whom
30:11Yahweh was derived.
30:13This is perhaps an
30:14overreach, but it does
30:16highlight the
30:16similarities between
30:17them.
30:19Initially, Yahweh
30:20himself was another
30:21sky or air god like
30:23Amun, and there are
30:24several remarkable
30:25coincidences between the
30:26characteristics and
30:27worships of the two
30:28gods.
30:29All this evidence serves
30:31to reinforce the
30:32belief that Amun was
30:33one of those sky gods
30:34so prevalent in the
30:35Near East.
30:37After this text written
30:38in 1934, I think we
30:41can conclude the video
30:42with deep reflections on
30:43this matter, don't you
30:45think?
30:46But in fact, before
30:47that, I must point out,
30:49the Hebrews were
30:50present in Egypt, and
30:52the worship of Egyptian
30:53gods, including Amun-Ra,
30:55was forbidden by
30:56Yahweh, as was the
30:58worship of all other
30:59gods.
31:00However, these same
31:01Hebrews are considered
31:03God's chosen people, and
31:04in this case, by
31:05Yahweh.
31:07It's very likely, from
31:09my perspective, that
31:10the term Amen, which
31:12is of Hebrew origin, has
31:14its roots in the
31:14worship of Amun or
31:16Amen-Ra, and this
31:18reflection, it must be
31:19said, should be
31:20undertaken by each
31:21individual.
31:22We conclude our video
31:24with a reverence to
31:25the all, to unity, and
31:27to the principle of the
31:28universe.
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