History of the Iran: How was the state of Iran?Travel@Azamsyed

Travel@Azamsyed

History of the Iran: How was the state of Iran? Travel@Azamsyed Welcome to you My YouTube channel is Travel@Azamsyed.your passport to a world of wanderlust and adventure! Join us on a journey to discover the most awe-inspiring destinations, hidden gems, and cultural experiences from around the globe. Whether you're an avid traveler seeking inspiration or someone dreaming of your next escape, our channel is your window to the world.   Our Travel Vlog is all about sharing the thrill of exploration, capturing breathtaking landscapes, and immersing ourselves in diverse cultures. From hiking in the misty mountains to savoring exotic cuisine in bustling markets, we'll take you along on our escapades and provide tips and insights to make your own adventures unforgettable.  Expect weekly travel guides, travel tips, and captivating stories that will ignite your wanderlust. Join our community of fellow adventurers, and let's embark on a new adventure together in every episode.  Don't forget to hit that subscribe button, ring the notification bell, and pack your virtual bags as we set off on our next incredible expedition. Adventure awaits, and we can't wait to share it with you!" #iran #history #india #pakistan #unitedstates #china #education   Like, share and Subscribe

Transcript

00:00The first dynasty of the modern era to rule over Iran were the...

00:04But before them, there was another dynasty who brought about reforms in Iran,

00:09which set it on the path to modernity.

00:12They were the Zand dynasty.

00:14And before them, there was yet another dynasty who laid the foundations for the modern Iranian state,

00:20the Afshaws.

00:21But before them, who were the rulers of Iran?

00:24Well, that's what we're going to find out today.

00:28Welcome to my channel.

00:30Today, we're going to talk about one of the most powerful dynasties of pre-modern Iran,

00:36the Kweni, Aind, or the Ottomans.

00:38The Kanyad were a Turkic tribe who originated from the Siberian steppes.

00:42Like many other Turkic tribes, they followed a shamanist religion that revered nature.

00:49But they also followed Tengriism, which is a belief system that revolves around belief in a supreme sky deity.

00:56Though the beliefs of the Quraysh people are heavily shrouded in mystery due to a lack of sources,

01:02this much is clear that they held shamanistic rituals and performed human sacrifices.

01:08Their political structure revolved around a council of elders, while their leader was referred to as the Khan.

01:16The real power lay with this council.

01:19In the 17th century, the Khom clan was led by a man named Esmail Khan.

01:25He would become the founder of the dynasty.

01:29In 1648, Esmail Khan declared himself the Emir of Persia.

01:34His new capital would be at Kazan, which was called Tehran back then.

01:39Esmail Khan died in 1657, and he would be succeeded by his son, Sultan Hussein.

01:48The latter would face revolts from different ethnic groups, including the Kurds and the Turkmen.

01:54But Hussein put down these revolts and expanded his domain into Iraq.

01:59By the time of his death, the Khan had established dominance over all of Iran except for Isfahan,

02:05which was controlled by the Afshurids, and the Northwest, which was controlled by the Safran.

02:11Sultan Hussein would be succeeded by his brother, Sultan Ahmad.

02:16He would continue his father's policy of expansion and conquest, and managed to conquer Isfahan,

02:23thus uniting most of Iran under his rule.

02:26However, the Ottoman advance into Iran was halted by the Safavids at the Battle of Karaj in 1658.

02:35Sultan Ahmad continued to expand outside of Iran, and managed to conquer Armenia and Azerbaijan.

02:42He would go on to establish the city of Tubriz, and make it the new capital of the kingdom.

02:48Unfortunately, little is known about the next two rulers, Sultan Mohammed and Sultan Ibrahim.

02:56Apart from the fact that they kept expanding the empire, by 1694, the Khajars had expanded all the way to Central Asia,

03:06where they bordered the Chinese, Russian and Mughal empires.

03:10This marked the peak of the Khayar territorial holdings.

03:14After Sultan Ibrahim, his brother, Sultan Madi, came to power.

03:19He was succeeded by Naita Khan, who, in turn, was succeeded by Sultan Shah.

03:26His reign would mark the beginning of the end for the dynasty.

03:29That's because he would lead an invasion into Baghdad in 1722.

03:36During the siege, he commissioned the building of a new city that would be inhabited by Turks, Tatars and Kurds.

03:43It was called New Jedesho, and served as a buffer zone between the Khajars and the Ottoman Empire.

03:51However, the Khajars' invasion of Baghdad proved to be very costly and drained their treasury.

03:57To raise funds, Sultan Shah levied heavy taxes on the populace.

04:03This led to revolts, the most significant of which was led by Mork, who was a Kurd.

04:08The revolt was crushed, but it weakened the Khajar hold on power.

04:15After Sultan Shah, Malik Ghazi Khan, came to power.

04:19He tried to get the empire back on track by implementing economic and social reforms.

04:25He encouraged agriculture, trade and industry.

04:29He also ended the practice of slavery.

04:32Moreover, he founded the city of Mashhad in 1734.

04:36But unfortunately, he would die just three years later, and with him, the dynasty would come to an end.

04:45When Malik Ghazi Khan died, a power struggle ensued between the princes.

04:50The empire was divided into three.

04:53East, west and centre.

04:55The western part was controlled by Nader Shah, who was Malik Ghazi Khan's general.

05:01Nader Shah founded the Afchirid dynasty.

05:04The central part was controlled by Karim Khan, who founded the Zand dynasty.

05:11And the eastern part was controlled by Shiverdikon, who was a puppet ruler installed by Nader Shah.

05:18It should be noted that Nader Shah was of Afchir extraction, while both his predecessors and successors were of Kiowa origin.

05:27So why did the Kiowa lose control of their empire after the death of Malik Ghazi Khan?

05:35There are many reasons for this.

05:37First off, the Qajars were never really successful in controlling the diverse ethnicities of Iran.

05:43Whenever they tried to assert control over the provinces, rebellions broke out.

05:48Secondly, despite being Muslims, the Qajars were never successful in winning over the religious establishment.

05:56The clergy saw the Qajars as outsiders, since they were of Mongol extraction.

06:03Thirdly, the Qajars were not successful in completely assimilating the Persians into Turkish culture.

06:10In fact, Persian culture had a huge impact on the Qajars themselves, as seen in the architectural marvels that were built during their reign.

06:20Lastly, the internal divisions within the Qajar clan also played a role in their downfall.

06:26When Malik Ghazi Khan died, there was a mad scramble for power between the princes, which resulted in the empire splitting into three.

06:35Now, during the reign of the Qajars, Iran experienced a golden age of sorts.

06:41Trade flourished and cities prospered.

06:44Foreigners who travelled to Iran wrote extensively about its great cities, especially about the magnificence of Israel.

06:51They also wrote about how Iranian cities were generally clean, well-planned and had nice parks.

06:58Here's a quote from one such traveller.

07:00Another thing that impressed foreigners was the Iranian cavalry.

07:22They were especially impressed by the manner in which the soldiers rode their horses.

07:28They also admired the agility, skill and activity of the horsemen.

07:33One traveller rode their cavalry, form a circle around the king, making a half-circle with their right hands.

07:40While each man with his left hand holds up his horse by the bridle with so much agility and address that they seemed to be walking on the ground.

07:48The reason why the Qajars had such skilled horsemen was because they valued horsemanship and military prowess.

07:56Every boy growing up in the empire would learn how to ride a horse and use a sword.

08:02So when they went to war, they were more than prepared.

08:05Another thing that the foreigners were surprised by was the dress sense of the Iranians.

08:11Most of them wore European-style suits, though the nobility preferred to wear the traditional Persian clothes.

08:19Nonetheless, Iranians paid a lot of attention to their appearance and always looked neat and tidy.

08:25The women were especially fashionable and were trendsetters across the region.

08:30They were probably the most fashionable women in the entire Middle East.

08:34Here's what a European traveller had to say about them.

08:37The Persian ladies are exceedingly beautiful and graceful.

08:41Their hair is generally black and very long.

08:45They dress in silk garments, and their veils are of the finest linen.

08:50They never appear in public without having first carefully tied up their whole body in linen, only leaving a hole for their faces.

08:58The women of Ispahan are particularly celebrated for their beauty.

09:02There are several thousand of the lower order of people in this city who gain a livelihood by prostitution,

09:09and they are treated with less severity than in other countries.

09:13But it wasn't all good during the Kajar era.

09:16Although trade flourished and cities prospered, the countryside did not benefit from this prosperity.

09:22The farmers toiled in the fields, while the merchants and artisans reaped the rewards.

09:29And when the heavy tax collection season arrived, the burden fell on the backs of the poor farmers.

09:36In addition to this, the Kajars ruled like the monarchs of Europe, meaning they considered themselves superior to the rest of society.

09:44They also enjoyed hunting and keeping mistresses.

09:47They liked to flaunt their wealth and power, and since the coffers were filled from the blood, sweat, and tears of the common folk,

09:56the Kajars lived lives of luxury.

09:59After the demise of the Kajars, two other dynasties would rule Iran before the Kajars took over,

10:06the Afsharids and the Zans.

10:08We've already talked about the Zans in our previous video, so make sure to check it out.

10:14And the Afsharids will be covered in an upcoming video.

10:18For now, though, I'll leave you with this.

10:21I hope you enjoyed this episode.

10:23If you did, please hit that like button and subscribe if you haven't already.

10:28Also, let me know what you thought about this episode in the comments section below.

10:33I'll see you in the next video.

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