- 6 days ago
Treasure hunting has captured our imaginations for centuries. Draining the oceans reveals the richest wrecks ever found.
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00:00treasure hunting has captured our imaginations for centuries i think everybody at some point in
00:09their life has dreamed about finding treasure and you straight away that it was gold there was over
00:1830 tons of silver ingots on board 200 000 coins gold emeralds once treasure and treasure diving
00:27gets in your blood it's hard to get it out sunken treasures remain lost below the waves until now
00:39imagine if we could empty the oceans draining the water away to reveal the secrets of the sea
00:48now we can using the latest underwater scanning technology
00:54piercing the deep oceans and turning accurate data into 3d images
01:07how do you excavate a fortune in sunken silver from a wreck lost in shifting sands it's an amazing amount
01:16of money why is the treasure from a wrecked spanish galleon spread over 10 miles of florida seabed
01:24and how can the world's biggest haul of lost gold bullion be recovered from the arctic depths
01:45today moving money is simple these days you push a button and funds are electronically transferred
01:52but in the past the oceans were pretty consistent means of moving the world's money for centuries treasure
02:02ships sailed the oceans of the world packed with silver gold and precious stones hunted by pirates battered
02:12by storms threatened by reefs and rocky shores
02:18the reason that you would find treasure underwater is the water has been the greatest highway
02:23in human history and where there's treasure there are treasure hunters
02:30i think people certainly catch gold fever i think people love searching for things
02:37it's deep in our psyche around the world hundreds of treasure wrecks remain unexplored
02:48as the waters of the oceans begin to drain away they reveal their most valuable secrets
02:56the english channel five miles off the coast of kent
03:00the grave of an 18th century merchant ship lost to the waves and carrying a fortune in silver
03:13the priceless wreck often vanishes and reappears under ever-shifting sandbags
03:18can draining away the english channel reveal the wreck and the sunken treasure
03:30january 8th 1740
03:34the dutch east india company ship the rosevite sets off from the netherlands into the english channel
03:41it's on an eight month long voyage to indonesia then known as the dutch east indies the center of the spice tree
03:50on board are merchants soldiers and a precious cargo
03:56it's said that there were about 300 000 guilders of silver on board of the ship
04:01in silver bars and about 36 000 of coins a fortune in today's money equivalent to around a hundred million dollars
04:17a few miles off the english coast a violent storm blows up the ship hits sandbanks and disappears
04:26in the sea 237 men die and the silver is lost to the sea
04:37now more than 270 years later a team of underwater archaeologists investigate
04:46martin manders heads the expedition it's enormously unique to do a large-scale excavation underwater
04:54we really have to take care of what's down there on the water or we lose it forever these are treacherous waters
05:08to locate the wreck the team uses the latest technology multi-beam sonar scanning
05:16we came out and did a multi-beam survey you create a whole a whole image of the seabed
05:24multi-beam sonar fire sound waves to the sea floor
05:28the return signal displays the shape and depth of the features beneath
05:33that way we can start putting that puzzle together
05:42combining the sonar data with the latest visualization techniques
05:46the first challenge the team faces is revealed the landscape under the surface
06:01it's an incredible hidden world miles of rolling dunes like a desert underwater
06:08the good wind sands
06:13lying close to the surface these endlessly shifting sands are a deadly threat to shipping
06:20they called it the great ship swallower
06:24it's the graveyard for around 2 000 ships each running aground in the treacherous shallows
06:31the rosevike is swallowed here and disappears for centuries
06:38have the sands shifted enough to finally reveal this treasure ship
06:46as the waters of the english channel continue to drain away
06:49a shape emerges twisted timbers of a ship from the 18th century to an expert eye artifacts of dutch origin
07:01and as it's revealed high and dry it's finally clear this is all that is left of the rose lake
07:10archaeologists can now view the remains of the ship from any angle and examine it in fine detail
07:21the whole shape is long lost to the ocean but there is a pile of timbers collapsed deck planks lying at strange angles
07:32and five cannon scattered around we're basically uncovering something that hasn't been seen
07:39for the past 250 years but where is the treasure we're gonna dive to it and investigate it and hope
07:48to find the secrets that this ship reveals for a lot of people this is a treasure ship for the archaeologists
07:56this is the treasure ship because we get so much information fast moving tides make the expedition difficult
08:04each day there might be only one hour between tides that's safe for diving it is a race against the clock
08:20going down into an elevator is like going back in time
08:23take it down it's a time capsule of 70 40. okay and relax we've got a fix
08:35an umbilical cord provides air 75 feet down
08:41it was really really exciting to start diving there
08:45and i was swimming and then suddenly you see these cannons appearing and wood sticking out of the seabed
08:56you really get this idea that this is the place where all these people died
09:03this is a grave
09:04the drained wreck of the rosevike shows the scale of the challenge debris is spread over a large area
09:16here's what's thought to be the main part of the ship but around 400 feet to the northwest lie two anchors
09:24and a pile of barrels
09:25and more than 900 feet to the northeast 10 cannon spread around
09:35to the east eight more cannon in a row next to another anchor
09:43the team has only a 12-week window to work the wreck site and it can take days to excavate just a few
09:50square feet so they must focus their search we have to make choices and this is what we did on the
09:57basis of uh the multi-beam data martine decides to home in on the stern it's the place where the
10:06officers maybe the passengers where the merchant man used to uh live during their trip where money was
10:15stored but how much treasure might still be down there
10:24using enormous vacuums to remove the sand they hunt carefully amongst the debris
10:37martine finds a broken chest with its contents spilling out
10:41and then a thrilling moment a silver coin and soon dozens more
10:53money destined for the east indies that's been lying here for more than 270 years
11:03the wreck of the rosevike is beginning to reveal its treasures
11:07the spanish real was the standard trading currency of the 18th century made of silver a single coin is
11:31worth more than a week's pay for a sale
11:33these coins are some of the thousands that the dutch east india company places on board ship
11:41all minted just before the rosevike sales
11:45but some of the other discovered coins are noticeably different these are large ducatons
11:52but they're old they're very old these are 17th century so they're probably about 70 years 80 years
12:00older than when the ship wrecked they're not the newly minted company money that the ship is supposed to be
12:07carrying trading in private money was banned by the dutch east india company so finding these coins raises new
12:16questions if they aren't company money whose are they and what are they used for
12:23the drained landscape around the rosevike reveals clues the reals are found in clusters in the stern area
12:34the part of the ship where company money is stored but surprisingly the other coins are found mixed in with
12:43them some even show evidence of being kept secret
12:51but really interesting of this coin is this little hole maybe it's it's it's it's worn under the clothes
12:59maybe somebody had a collar with all all sorts of points and just keeping it hidden
13:04could these coins found at the bottom of the english channel be incredible new evidence of one of the
13:12oldest trades in history smuggling
13:21so we have a notary deed an official document in amsterdam martin manders investigates the sunken
13:29treasure of the rosevike and meets historian matthias van rosem and and this is the interesting thing
13:36we had these combinations of coins yeah all different kinds very old that's definitely private trade
13:46private trade means a booming black market in smuggled silver
13:50isn't that illegal it was illegal because the company banned the shipment of silver from the republic
14:01to asia and back so this is evidence this is basically all illegal silver is worth more in the east indies
14:11than in the netherlands because it can be used to buy trade goods like spices enterprising members of the
14:18the crew collect cash from their families and friends
14:22then once they arrive in asia they simply sell their private silver to the dutch east india company
14:29for a profit it's illegal but the company turns a blind eye to the trade because they
14:35use the smuggled silver to buy more spices
14:41draining the rosevike reveals that not only are the private coins found in the stern
14:47they're also discovered in other areas of the wreck this poses a new question
14:55was it only the merchants did this or was it more widespread this was actually very widespread
15:03the captain the first mate the surgeons the company merchant on board the ship then the lower ranks
15:10the banks thus indicate that the whole crew participated to some degree in this in this trade
15:18for two centuries the dutch east india company dominates trade between asia and its headquarters
15:24in amsterdam making the city the key commercial center in the world the dutch east india company was
15:33one of the very first large multinational corporations its mission is profit to trade silver for spices
15:44using ships like the rosevike to spearhead trade
15:51an earlier commercial dive uncovers the first evidence of the high value of the ship
15:56two chests cracked open there's a site straight out of a high seas adventure story
16:07in each 50 bars of silver bullion blackened by the water worth a fortune and now divided between the salvage
16:17team and the dutch government
16:21but the smuggled coins add new understanding to one of the most colorful sagas in the age of discovery
16:29and reveal that everyone is secretly in on the take
16:33the smuggled coins
16:35it's estimated that 50 percent of all the silver on board was smuggled money so if you think about the
16:42rosevike 36 000 coins on board officially so that means 36 000 coins on board unofficially
16:51that's an amazing amount of money how much more is there to find
16:57it's six weeks into the 12-week expedition
17:07at a harborside lab experts carefully record the archaeological treasures so they can be studied
17:14anywhere in the world in stunning 3-d detail pewter tableware
17:21glass bottles from the captain's table
17:29and more company coins
17:33we've only found 700 so far there are many thousand more to find
17:39with only a few weeks left on the project the race is on to recover as much as possible
17:44and the team now also wants to solve the rosevike's long-standing mystery
17:54how exactly did it meet its fate
18:01the drained wreckage of the ship reveals clues the stern section can be seen lying in a pile
18:09more than 300 feet away there's an anchor
18:19and farther out several cannon grouped together
18:25what does this spread of clues reveal
18:29this is the evidence of the people struggling and trying to save their ship
18:34the ship was caught by the storm was pushed on the sand banks of the goodwin sands it's just been
18:45smashed on the sands so what do you do you throw away your heavy equipment and you start with your cannons
18:57during the storm the crew ditches at least 23 cannon
19:01in an attempt to lighten the ship and break free from the sand banks
19:08then the crew drops anchor but there's no chance of escape
19:16it just gets stuck further and further
19:22the sea lifting the ship and just poundering it onto the sand
19:27uh breaking it in in thousands of pieces and everybody was lost
19:35it's almost unimaginable
19:40the loss of the rosevike silver is a big blow for the dutch east india company
19:47shipwrecks are one of the the recurring threats for for the company so yearly there would be losses of
19:55ships one or two on average and some historians see this as one of the factors that contributes to
20:04the demise of the dutch east india company
20:09now after 12 weeks of challenging excavation the archaeological expedition is almost at an end
20:17so this is the last night of the project 12 weeks of great dives but also uh we had storms we had
20:27lots of difficult tides bad visibility but uh we've also made a lot of progress we've found around 2000 coins
20:39both divers if you stop work it's only a fraction of the coins known to be on board including the smuggled
20:49ones the value of rosevike silver could now be up to 125 million dollars
20:58martine plans to return to the wreck site
21:00how much more of the rosevike's sunken treasures can be recovered from the shifting sands below
21:14archaeologists and treasure hunters continue to scour the seas
21:19and as the world's oceans continue to drain away they reveal yet more tantalizing clues of fortunes lost
21:27under the waves the florida keys in 1622 a spanish galleon sinks here laden with an extraordinary hall
21:39of silver gold and gems for decades treasure hunters pursue a dream to find one of the richest wrecks in history
21:51can draining the oceans here reveal the fabled mother lode of the vanished treasure ship atoche
22:12i'm kim fisher and i'm a treasure hunter
22:14gold fever gold fever i think everybody at some point in their life has dreamed about finding treasure
22:27off the coast of key west florida a team of self-styled treasure hunters is chasing the legend of the
22:33treasure ship atoche known to have been lost in these waters nice clean bottom well looks like we got
22:39something coming in here nice target once treasure and treasure diving gets in your blood it's hard to get it out
22:51maritime archaeologist corey malcolm has spent two decades investigating the fate of the spanish galleon
22:58the atoche the atoche we know uh specifically carried 260 people on board
23:07some of these people were the wealthiest people in the world you had religious figures you had explorers
23:15september 4th 1622 the nuestra senora de atoche is part of a fleet of 28 ships that leaves havana cuba bound for spain
23:28it's laden with silver gold and gems more than a year's worth of treasure obtained by the spanish from
23:37their empire in mexico and south america the atoche was a tremendously important ship to spain it was
23:45carrying a huge amount of treasure and there was over 30 tons of silver ingots on board 200 000 coins
23:52gold emeralds but the atoche quickly runs into trouble
24:03it wasn't a day out from havana that they started feeling the wind increase the seas starting to build
24:14and they knew they were caught a hurricane closes in
24:26the ship is lost
24:28only five men survive to tell the tale and their testimonies say that what sunk the ship wasn't
24:36just the high wind and waves there is clearly something else here that poses a deadly threat to
24:43shipping this area is notorious for shipwrecks around a thousand ships have been doomed along the florida
24:52keys ships are drawn to these waters to make use of the gulf stream the ancient highway of the seas
25:06the best way to see what might have wrecked the spanish gallery is to drain the ocean
25:14now multi-beam sonar scanning details the extraordinary subsea landscape around the florida keys
25:23as the waters drain away a vast coastal mountain range is revealed
25:28the shallow florida keys are just the peaks beyond them the land drops down up to 6 000 feet into an ocean abyss
25:43this is the edge of the north american continental shelf
25:50we have a pretty dramatic drop off here it goes down like a wall
25:55further in from the leading edge an amazing sight is now revealed hard rock-like formations
26:05this is north america's only coral reef known as the florida reef tract
26:11and it lies just under the surface of the sea
26:17today lighthouses stand guard here
26:21but for the spanish traders on the atocha there is no such warning
26:28a ship like a spanish galleon that might draw 12 feet it is going to hit a shallow reef like that
26:36and it's going to have its bottom torn out and sink
26:42but will draining the florida keys reveal the atocha and its treasure
26:50and it's going to be found out of the sea
26:52throughout the 1970s treasure hunter mel fisher searches for the lost ship
26:59he and his family are driven by stories of the legendary treasure
27:05my dad was an eternal optimist
27:08today's the day he told us every day today's the day we're going to find it
27:12for more than a decade the fisher team finds clues of the atocha cannon and even silver coins
27:23these fines are tantalizing and help finance the continuing search for what the team calls the
27:30mother loan
27:34in the early years you know people thought mel was crazy uh it's you know you're never gonna find it
27:40it for some observers treasure hunting and archaeological preservation don't mix
27:49mel fisher invented a propeller blast system to clear away sand
27:55recovering sunken treasures this way can damage the seafloor and some of the artifacts that lie upon it
28:03but the treasure hunters believe that their work also helps us understand the past
28:08we're kind of saving history you know if we didn't go out there and recover these items
28:14in a responsible manner and bring them to life for the public they would be lost forever
28:2115 years after the fisher team begin searching there's a breakthrough
28:27cameras capture murky images on the seafloor
28:30the earth shining away the waters of the florida keys reveals clearly one of the most valuable shipwrecks
28:39in history
28:42based upon the latest scanning data and computer visualization technology
28:47it's possible to empty the seas exposing what the fisher family spent almost two decades looking for
28:54visible for the first time in four centuries wreckage of the Atocha 55 feet down once again
29:05open to the light of day strewn around timbers from the ship's hull stones carried as ships
29:19ballast poking out of the mud debris of shattered treasure chests it really doesn't look like a ship
29:29anymore it's broken up it's decayed among the wreckage a pile of blackened metal it's a massive
29:41block of silver bars 30 tons in total the motherlode of the Atocha exposed for all to see
29:55it's an emotion it was a wonderful feeling of accomplishment to see Mel Fisher's dream the
30:04motherlode when I got out of the water I went over to my chart and I put a real X on the chart
30:16of here's the treasure it was totally overwhelming we were all elated you know we'd spent most of my
30:30life looking for this one wreck now there it was it's arguably the biggest ever haul of Spanish
30:39treasure making the Fisher family and their backers wealthy beyond their wildest dreams the motherlode
30:46in 1985 was valued at about 400 million dollars at that time between now and then we've recovered a
30:55a lot more and the value in today's numbers you know it's somewhere probably twice that you know
31:02approaching a billion dollar wreck it's kind of mind-boggling among the treasures are an emerald
31:10and gold cross and ring rare silver from the Incan Empire gold chains and cups and the fishers are not
31:24finished yet their search for more of the Atocha's riches continues based on what we see on the
31:34manifest and what's been recovered we can estimate there's 300 silver bars there was about 70 pounds
31:42of emeralds smuggled on board the Atocha and we've only found about six or seven pounds so far there's
31:51still a lot of treasure out there to be found the Fisher team has discovered that treasure from the
31:57Atocha has been found not just at the motherlode but spread out over miles why is it spread so widely
32:06and can draining the trail of wreckage lead to finding a second motherlode keep your eye on that forward
32:20sonar let me know if you see any targets the hunt for the Atocha's lost emeralds is now focused on a
32:29missing part of the ship the stern castle where the wealthiest people on board have their cabins
32:36my number one target it's probably a pile of emeralds emeralds are so valuable that you could have one
32:46box full of emeralds that would be worth the whole ship full of silver the loser mine produces the best
32:52emeralds in the world even today so keep your eyes open for big emeralds that's that's the big prize
33:06critical clues lie in the spread of wreckage and previously discovered treasures
33:13the treasure hunters call it the Atocha trail got this good there's a target coming in right there
33:19might be something we have to go dig with the waters of the Florida Keys drained away the true
33:30extent of the Atocha trail is revealed survivors accounts report that the ship hits the outer reef here
33:43and eventually sinks two miles away at the site where the motherlode is found
33:49and then the trail of wreckage appears to continue on for miles each point here marks a treasure already
33:59discovered but creates almost a breadcrumb trail on the sea floor why are the Atocha's treasures spread
34:07over 10 miles of seabed following the trail itself gives the treasure hunters the answer
34:14we've pieced together what happened
34:22after the hurricane sinks the Atocha in September of 1622 another great storm pounds the sunken wreck
34:3130 days after the Atocha sank the second hurricane came
34:34the bow and the stern and the upper decks all ripped loose in that second storm
34:43and started bouncing along leaving a trail of treasure lying four miles from the motherlode is what's
34:51thought to be the bow section of the ship but the trail appears to continue even further
34:57that superstructure carried off breaking up as it went along and dropping things
35:05the missing stern castle and a huge amount of treasure is projected to lie somewhere in this area
35:16and now new technology a hovering autonomous underwater vehicle or HAUV allows the treasure hunters to find the
35:25tiniest clues it lets us scan large areas of seafloor
35:34working under a legal permit the new equipment will use a high frequency magnetic field detector
35:43so we can detect metals deeper than ever before and we can start to discriminate different metals
35:49and where there's more metal the fisher team expects to find the missing part of the ship
35:55and lost emeralds looks like we got something coming in right here that's just a matter of
36:02systematically working the trail of known artifacts and kind of like breadcrumbs through the forest
36:08the search continues
36:19the age of the spanish galleons is what many consider the first golden age of treasure on the high seas
36:28but across the world's oceans the amount of gold moved in the 20th century especially during world war
36:34two dwarfs all other periods
36:40as the oceans of the world drain away an extraordinary wreck is revealed near the arctic circle
36:48can draining a sunken british warship uncover the fate of the world's largest ever haul of gold bullion
36:56the arctic ocean
37:02200 miles off the coast of russia somewhere beneath these freezing waters lies one of the greatest secrets of world war ii
37:11as the ocean begins to empty it reveals an astonishing sight
37:22the 600 foot long wreck of hms edinburgh visible in its entirety for the first time in more than 70 years
37:31the british warship's guns can be seen in the clear light of day
37:40on the stern the quarter deck is peeled back
37:48there's clear evidence of torpedo damage a huge hole in the side
37:53but a german torpedo didn't sink the edinburgh so what did and why
38:03april 30th 1942 the baron sea in the arctic circle
38:10it's the height of world war ii and a convoy of 13 british ships is on a perilous 1700-mile voyage
38:18from russia to their allies in the west
38:23it's one of the hardest campaigns of the war you are under very serious attack from submarines
38:29from aircraft and even from surface ships escorting the convoy is the 600 foot long 10 000 ton cruiser
38:39hms edinburgh
38:43it's a formidable warship with more than 24 guns
38:47a german u-boat attacks the germans carried out a torpedo attack
39:00another torpedo hit the ship increasing the damage
39:0760 people are killed
39:08two days later the remaining crew are ordered to abandon ship forcing a fateful decision on the navy
39:18the admiral decided that it was too far gone and he ordered one of the destroyers to put a torpedo
39:25into her engine room
39:26she went down within a couple of minutes and she went completely vertical
39:35hms edinburgh sinks beneath the waves 200 miles off the coast of russia
39:42sunk by its own navy
39:44it was vitally important you didn't want her falling into german hands
39:51but why take such extreme measures to keep the edinburgh out of nazi hands
39:58the answer is gold the gold that was loaded on board the edinburgh at mcmansk was
40:05we know for certain was five and a half tons that's what the admiral signed for
40:09and five and a half tons was 465 bars
40:14it's payment from russia for war supplies and worth 240 million dollars in today's money
40:25in 1942 recovering the gold from the damaged ship just before it sinks is too dangerous
40:31the sunken treasure lies undisturbed for decades and the ship is recognized as a war grave
40:43but then a dive expedition sanctioned by the british and russian governments is launched to salvage
40:49it leading the hunt is treasure diver keith jessup working with marine engineer rick wharton
40:56what drove us to it is interesting there was a lure of gold but frankly we
41:03didn't have great expectations at that stage that there were so many unknowns like a moonshot
41:12the edinburgh is 800 feet beneath the waves in freezing waters and there's no guarantee of success
41:20the first challenge is finding a precise spot to search
41:23it's suspected that the gold is stored in the bomb room
41:31the problem is this is one of the most secure areas on the ship
41:38situated deep inside the hull the bomb room is where explosives are kept and valuable cargo
41:45and it's behind the ship's four inch armor plating will draining the arctic ocean reveal how to access
41:55the wreck of hms edinburgh to recover its treasures
41:59at 800 feet down the wreck of hms edinburgh is too deep for scuba divers
42:13to stand any chance of success it will take a remarkable feat of human endurance
42:18the team needs to operate in a high-tech pressurized chamber that looks like something found on a space station
42:28it's a technique called saturation diving
42:33you basically go into a chamber and you're diving your body is saturated with diving gases
42:38and you remain saturated for the duration of the dive
42:45saturating the diver's body with a mix of diving gases avoids long and costly decompression times
42:53leaving the chamber the divers enter a diving bell which drops through a hole in the ship
42:58and enters the freezing arctic waters they leave the diving bell but remain attached by an umbilical cord
43:06the biggest problem i think we had diving at depth on the edinburgh was staying warm
43:15we had hot water suits and we had hot water being pumped down through from the surface
43:22too hot and the divers could be badly scalded or if the supply fails they could find themselves at the
43:28mercy of the freezing cold arctic waters
43:31then we'd be breathing a very hot gas which is starting to burn the lungs it was like being kicked
43:40in the back of the head by a mule it wasn't pleasant diving the plan is for the divers to enter the ship
43:47through the torpedo hole in the side then work their way through the ship to the bomb room but during the
43:55first dive there's an unexpected problem when they got into that hole it was completely we couldn't
44:04get the debris out it's a setback and the team is forced to rethink the boat was ringed with armor
44:11plating and we would have struggled to to get through that so we decided to go underneath the armor
44:17plating and cut our way into the ship cutting into the bomb room is fraught with danger it may still
44:25contain unstable explosive charges left over from the war we knew the inherent dangers we knew the risks
44:33and we were very slow and cautious when we were cutting our way into something i actually cut my way into
44:38the bomb room first there's no visibility you couldn't see anything you couldn't see your hand in front of
44:45your face everything was done by feel and then i touched something that was slightly heavier try to
44:56pick it up and because of its size it should have been easily be able to lift it but the weight straight
45:00away gave me some sort of idea that this wasn't something ordinary as soon as i lifted it i knew
45:06straight away that it was gold you don't see that often at 800 feet roger roger i thought about you job
45:23but i'm shaking like hell and then euphoria broke out on the boat as well everybody's running around
45:29shouting and screaming and carrying on from the crew down so it was a very exciting moment
45:34in total 460 bars of gold are recovered worth about 240 million dollars in today's money
45:45it's the biggest haul of lost gold bullion ever recovered from the seabed
45:52this is a lead copy gold plated there's a serial number at the top which is kp0620
45:59below that you see the hammer and sickle and the russian markings in a cartouche below that it said
46:0599.99 that's pure gold the value of the treasure is shared between the russian and british governments
46:14and the salvage team it was a vast amount of money we all did very well out of it it completely changed
46:22our attitude to work because we never really had to again we did of course
46:28now emptied of its sunken treasure peace returns to the end
46:39gold has always captured people's imagination yeah it's treasure fever
46:45there's millions of shipwrecks out there but for every 10 000 shipwrecks on the seabed
46:55probably one might be high value once you start once you go look for one you can never stop
47:15so
47:21you
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