डीएनए टेस्ट को लेकर ईटीवी भारत ने सर गंगाराम अस्पताल के जेनेटिक्स एवं जीनोमिक्स डिपार्टमेंट की वाइस चेयरमैन डॉ. सुनीता बिजारनिआ से बातचीत की.
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00:00After 241 people who have died, the dead body is not aware of it.
00:10So, the government has a DNA test compulsory.
00:13We are the vice chairman of the Genetics and Genomics Department.
00:20We will know what the DNA test is and how the dead body matches it.
00:29So, the DNA is basically an essence of our life.
00:36The DNA is passed on generation to generation.
00:39So, the DNA is unique to each human.
00:44It is a unique code.
00:47So, the DNA is a very good way to understand the DNA.
00:53Basically, it will need its relatives.
00:57Because the DNA sequence or the fingerprint,
01:03it needs to match someone's needs.
01:07So, we have to prove that this donor is a mother or a papa.
01:19So, we test the relationship to the DNA.
01:24So, I think the government has a step.
01:27This is correct.
01:28Because it will identify with the DNA.
01:31This particular person is a mother.
01:34This is for their identity.
01:38So, how can we do this process?
01:40How can we do this process?
01:41How can we do this process?
01:42And how can we do this process?
01:43Yes.
01:44So, in the lab, there is a routine process.
01:47There is a DNA that needs to be.
01:49Now, DNA is in our body of a cell.
01:53Except red blood cells.
01:55Of course.
01:56Of course.
01:57But, in this situation, there is no blood.
02:01But, any body can be taken away from it.
02:04And it can be extracted from it.
02:06It can be taken away from it.
02:07It can be taken away from it.
02:08It can be taken away from it.
02:09It can be taken away from it.
02:10If any body can be taken away from it.
02:12If the DNA is removed from it,
02:14then the relatives will take blood from it.
02:17And the blood will extract DNA from them.
02:20And the three will be checked simultaneously.
02:23And the parts will be checked.
02:26And they will try to match it.
02:29If some DNA later comes from it,
02:31then it will get 100% matching.
02:35When we have two parents.
02:38So, how does this testing happen?
02:40Do we see it?
02:41Do we see it?
02:42Do we see it?
02:43Do we see it?
02:44Do we see it?
02:45In our lab,
02:46we have a fingerprinting DNA.
02:48Because the first fingerprint was used.
02:51Just to get the identity of the person.
02:54Now, we do it with DNA.
02:56So, every DNA has some unique things.
03:01The DNA is a sequence.
03:05And, in there are some segments.
03:08We use satellites.
03:11Like, there are six letters of a sequence.
03:13That is one sequence that would be repeated twice,
03:15Normally.
03:18It has happened.
03:19In some individuals, it will repeat it twice.
03:22In some individuals,
03:23it will repeat it twice.
03:25And in some individuals, it will repeat it twice.
03:29My mother and my father.
03:31So these satellites, we recognize them, saying that satellite number 23 has 1 slash 2 repeats.
03:39After that, we check the parents and see how many of them are.
03:43They have 2 slash 3.
03:45The other parent has 1 slash 4.
03:48So, where has it come from?
03:51It comes to us.
03:53Similarly, we don't only check one thing.
03:56At least, 10 to 20 points, which are polymorphic.
04:04In that particular region, there are a lot of variations.
04:09Each individual, there is no difference between each individual.
04:13So these regions are checked from DNA.
04:17This is a DNA-based test.
04:19There are many ways in the laboratory.
04:22But it is a streamlined process.
04:25So, if we cut these three, then it will be more useful.
04:28How much do we do in the environment?
04:30In the environment?
04:31Yes.
04:32Well, if we use the DNA extraction,
04:34if we use it from the kit,
04:35then it will get out of 15-20 minutes.
04:38But if we cut the DNA good,
04:40then it will take one day.
04:42So, if we take 10 tests,
04:44if we take 10 tests,
04:45then we can take 10 tests together.
04:47Then we can take 10 tests together,
04:48and then we can take 10 tests together.
04:50So, minimum to minimum,
04:52I think,
04:53it will take 2 or 3 days.
04:55And average,
04:56it will take 1 week.
04:57And then,
04:58if there is a human being,
05:00then we have to do it.
05:01And if there is a human being,
05:02then there is a difference in the process?
05:04No,
05:05the process is the same.
05:06The process is the same.
05:07The process is the same.
05:08Where is the DNA taken from?
05:09So,
05:10the living human being,
05:11we don't take blood.
05:12That is the most conventional tissue
05:14to take for DNA extraction.
05:16But,
05:17the human being,
05:18whatever the disease is needed,
05:19can be used.
05:21So,
05:22if anyone has gone through,
05:23then the bone is only available.
05:25So,
05:26that could be done with that?
05:27Yes,
05:28if you have bone,
05:29it will be perfect.
05:30Yes,
05:31it remains the same.
05:32Or,
05:33blood,
05:34bone,
05:36bone,
05:37liver,
05:38such as
05:39If someone's body is gone,
05:41it is only the same.
05:42So,
05:43how many years after this
05:44can happen,
05:45So, DNA is more stable but over the years it definitely degrade.
05:52So, if we take blood, if we put DNA in the room, then it will be fine for 2-4 days.
05:58Then it will degrade over months.
06:01So, quality will not be so good.
06:04But it is possible to identify a person using the DNA.
06:09So, DNA is correct, there is no variation or difference in it?
06:16No, there is no difference in it.
06:19But what happens is that every person is different.
06:22And as we have a new PD, there are new changes in each PD.
06:27So, sometimes we get a change.
06:30As we expect that we have two letters in one point.
06:35One should come from a mother and one should come from a father.
06:38Sometimes it doesn't match each letter.
06:41It doesn't match each letter.
06:42But the mother doesn't match each letter.
06:44So, it doesn't mean that she doesn't have a mother.
06:46It means that it has a new variation.
06:48The ability changes.
06:49Thank you very much.