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00:00A confused John F. Kennedy Jr. is lost on his way to Martha's Vineyard.
00:09This orientation can quickly lead to the airplane getting into an uncontrollable situation.
00:14High over the Red Sea, a pilot can't understand why his passenger jet is plummeting towards the water.
00:21Over a dark ocean, without a defined visual horizon,
00:26the pilot may not be able to perceive whether he was flying up, down, left or right.
00:32Pull up! Pull up!
00:34And off the coast of Indonesia...
00:36Don't turn it! This is our heading!
00:38...a Boeing 737 flies off course.
00:41We're going to get lost if it stays like this.
00:44In all of these cases, we see pilots disoriented as to which way is right side up.
00:53It's a terrifying cause of airplane accidents.
00:57A pilot lost in space.
01:02BD! BD!
01:07Pull up!
01:09It's a warm summer evening at Essex County Airport.
01:19Less than an hour from the busy streets of Manhattan,
01:24the small airfield serves many of New York's wealthy citizens.
01:41Preparing to pilot his own plane, a man who in many ways is the elite of the elite, John F. Kennedy Jr.
01:51was breathtakingly handsome.
01:54He was such a crown prince, people kept waiting for the moment when he would run for office publicly.
02:00Kennedy is waiting for Carolyn Bessette, his wife of three years, to arrive.
02:06Also hitching a ride on Kennedy's plane is his sister-in-law, Lauren Bessette.
02:13At 8.20pm, Carolyn arrives, two hours late.
02:19All right, ladies, hop in. I just have to do a walk around and then we can get going.
02:28Though John F. Kennedy Jr. has had his pilot's license for more than a year,
02:33he hasn't flown solo since breaking his ankle six weeks ago.
02:38Still limping, he makes a final pre-flight check of his new plane, a Piper Saratoga.
02:45John plans to drop Lauren off at Martha's Vineyard
02:49and continue on with his wife to the Kennedy family compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.
02:56Seatbelt's on, please. All right, battery on, fuel pump on, and propeller is clear.
03:13At 8.40pm, more than two hours behind schedule, the flight gets underway.
03:1975 knots. Oh, yeah.
03:28Like many private pilots, Kennedy is flying under visual flight rules, or VFR.
03:34You stay clear of clouds, you have to have good visibility.
03:37You're always looking outside, able to see the horizon and orient the airplane using your visual cues.
03:45Kennedy cruises at just 5,500 feet.
03:49A typical altitude for small planes.
03:53Around 9.30pm, he leaves the mainland coast behind.
03:58Just leaving Montauk over there.
04:00I don't see a thing.
04:02His flight path was following the coast.
04:04So he would want to go south over the Long Island Sound
04:09to line up and set up for a long straight end for the runway.
04:13He expects to reach their first destination in about half an hour.
04:19We'll have you on the ground by 10 for sure.
04:21But by 10 o'clock...
04:31Martha's Vineyard Tower.
04:33Airport security here.
04:35The air traffic controller at Martha's Vineyard Airport has had no contact with Kennedy's plane.
04:41Any word on that flight?
04:42Negative.
04:43I haven't been notified of that arrival.
04:46Around Martha's Vineyard, weather can change quickly.
04:50And overdue flights are not uncommon.
04:53But as the hours pass with no sign of the Piper Saratoga, a chilling reality sets in.
04:59John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife and sister-in-law have vanished without a trace.
05:10The Coast Guard launches a search for John F. Kennedy Jr.'s Piper Saratoga.
05:20At first light, the U.S. military and local law enforcement agencies join the search effort.
05:26The scale of the effort to search for the aircraft, it was massive.
05:34This was JFK Jr., and it captured the eyes of the country and the world.
05:40News that one of America's favorite sons is missing stuns the nation.
05:45We watched this adorable little child playing in the Oval Office.
05:51We watched him, of course, at that one terribly tragic and sad moment when the small child in a little short knee coat saluted his father's casket as it came by.
06:03The public wants answers.
06:06It seems like every major news organization had a presence in our parking lot.
06:13With no aircraft to examine, Jeff Gazzetti from the National Transportation Safety Board compiles data from coastal radar stations to build a picture of how the plane was flying.
06:27Okay, ready when you are.
06:32We always consider recorded radar data as a poor man's black box.
06:38It's a way to get some information in regards to the flight path, the airspeed, the altitude, and that was very helpful in this investigation.
06:47But the radar information leaves investigators perplexed.
06:52He suddenly starts heading away from Martha's Vineyard.
06:56Why is he flying in the wrong direction?
06:58About 30 miles from Martha's Vineyard, the plane makes a series of unusual maneuvers.
07:04He's flying like someone who can't control the plane.
07:07The pattern that was indicated by the radar was quite unusual for a normal type of descent and approach to an airport.
07:16We don't know at that point exactly why.
07:21Finally, four days after Kennedy's plane goes missing, the investigation catches a giant break.
07:28Today we were able to bring closure to two families and I think that we realize is very important.
07:34U.S. Navy divers locate the sunken wreckage and the bodies.
07:4475% of Kennedy's Piper Saratoga is recovered from the ocean floor and sent to a hangar for detailed analysis.
07:55Because the small plane was not required to carry flight recorders.
07:59Each and every piece, no matter how small, we need to know where it was found.
08:05Investigators will have to uncover the story behind this crash by interpreting the clues imprinted on the crumpled debris.
08:14I want to see every piece. We start at the wing tips, we work our way in.
08:18First, the team examines and tests the wreckage for any signs of a malfunction.
08:25Their efforts reveal that at the moment the plane hit the water...
08:32The aileron cables also seem fine.
08:35The engine, the flight controls and the instruments were working normally.
08:45We found no evidence of any kind of pre-impact mechanical malfunction.
08:49The focus now shifts from the plane to the pilot.
08:56Investigators wonder, did John F. Kennedy Jr. lose control of his plane?
09:01Over 300 flight hours. He wasn't a total rookie. He had a fair number of flight hours under his belt.
09:07They check Kennedy's training records to learn all they can about his experience as a pilot.
09:14So what did he learn in 300 hours?
09:17I'd like to try a few ILS approaches again today.
09:21They discover that Kennedy had been taking lessons on and off for 17 years, but he had relatively little experience flying on his own.
09:32He's only qualified for visual flying. He hadn't finished his training for instrument only flights.
09:39Investigators also discover that Kennedy was still working towards his instrument rating.
09:49A crucial qualification for flying at night or in bad weather.
09:54Using only the flight instruments as a guide.
09:58Instrument flight is one of the hardest ratings to get when you're moving up through your licenses and ratings.
10:03And it involves flying without looking outside the aircraft, so that when you're in clouds you can maintain control of the aircraft.
10:11So he wasn't ready to fly if he couldn't see.
10:15So could he see? Or not?
10:19Investigators look at Kennedy's activities in the hours before the flight.
10:24Computer records reveal that he checked the weather online at 6.34pm.
10:30At that time it was a clear day with good visibility.
10:35Any word from your sister?
10:37No, stuck in traffic I guess.
10:39It's Friday, I told her it was going to be jammed.
10:42But they took off two hours later than planned.
10:45By that time weather conditions over the ocean were deteriorating with fog making it hard to see the horizon.
10:53Starting to get a bit sucked in.
10:56Hope it clears up for the weekend.
11:00Suddenly Kennedy found himself flying at night in bad weather.
11:06Both conditions he wasn't trained for.
11:09Was Kennedy lost in a cloudy haze before his plane went down?
11:13What the hell?
11:15John?
11:16What are you doing?
11:22Investigators now need to know what was happening in the cockpit.
11:27As John F. Kennedy Jr. flew his plane into worsening conditions.
11:31Not a great night for this guy to be flying.
11:37Weather plays an immense role in all aviation accidents. Even the ones that you might not think it would.
11:46If Kennedy was concerned about weather, he could have been getting updates during the flight.
11:53One two seven point two five.
11:56To get accurate information, investigators know he would have tuned his radio to the weather transmission from Martha's Vineyard.
12:03The radio from Kennedy's plane is among the many parts salvaged from the ocean.
12:10And it's tuned to one twenty seven point two five. The wrong frequency.
12:16One twenty six point two five. He was off by one digit.
12:20Investigators now know for certain that Kennedy wasn't receiving the weather updates he needed.
12:25It's a revealing discovery.
12:34The team begins piecing together a likely scenario to explain Kennedy's tragic end.
12:40It started after he cleared New York.
12:43As he heads up the coast towards Long Island, night falls and visibility decreases.
12:49Visibility was bad and is getting worse. He starts his descent.
12:57But Kennedy isn't properly trained to fly solo in these dangerous conditions.
13:04As he headed out over the water and all those lights were behind him, all that visual reference was gone.
13:12It's possible that Kennedy decides to check the weather station in preparation for landing.
13:17He looks away from his instruments for like a second.
13:25One two seven point two five.
13:30Remember his frequency was off. Maybe he was trying to tune the radio.
13:36He might look to see if the frequency had changed.
13:40Still nothing.
13:41While all that's going on, it's quite easy for the airplane to slip into a little bit of a bank one direction or another.
13:49Investigators now believe that the disorientating effects of the dark, hazy night begin to affect Kennedy's sense of space.
13:57If you're in a turn for an extended period of time, your inner ear can feel a reverse of the turn and you can become spatially disoriented very easily.
14:08What the?
14:10That can't be.
14:12When he looks back, his instruments are telling him one thing, his sense is another.
14:16You have to be well trained to disregard what your brain is saying and look at your instruments, work on your scan and fly by your instruments.
14:27What the hell?
14:28Tom?
14:29Just wait.
14:30Come on.
14:31Level off.
14:32What are you doing?
14:33Climb.
14:34Once he becomes disoriented, Kennedy is too inexperienced to believe his instruments, no matter what his senses are telling him.
14:50Nothing's working.
14:53He may not have even have known what type of unusual attitude he was in and that he was about to hit the water.
15:00So it's the only thing that fits.
15:06Spatial disorientation.
15:09You're really left with the gaping possibility that was always there, which was the classic case of spatial disorientation,
15:17which unfortunately has killed so many pilots.
15:26Lost in the skies, Kennedy fights to keep his plane airborne.
15:32But he can't.
15:39Investigators conclude that Kennedy's tragic crash was caused by his inexperience flying in confusing conditions.
15:47That is one sorry flight path.
15:51Textbook disorientation.
15:54I don't think the public wanted to accept sort of pilot error as the cause.
15:59Losing him was one thing, but losing him essentially to his own mistake made it much worse.
16:05Research shows that spatial disorientation is a factor in 15% of all accidents.
16:11And as one of the most significant hazards to air safety, even the most experienced pilots are susceptible to this deadly confusion.
16:19Five years later, another crew experiences spatial disorientation when their passenger jet from Egypt.
16:30I was at a loss to understand how a flight crew with this level of experience would end up here.
16:36Mysteriously crashes into the Red Sea.
16:45Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.
16:48It's a city perched on the Red Sea.
16:50Former Egyptian Air Force pilot Kader Abdullah is now a highly respected captain with Flash Airlines.
17:01Morning. Good morning, sir.
17:03His first officer today is Amir El Shafi.
17:05Ashraf Abdel Hamid is the third member of the crew, training as a first officer.
17:14Visibility 6 kilometers. Clouds and sky clear.
17:19They're piloting an early morning flight to Paris.
17:22In all, 148 passengers and crew settle into their seats aboard Flash Airlines Flight 604.
17:29Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
17:35On behalf of Captain Kader and his entire crew, we welcome you on board Flash Airlines Boeing 737-300.
17:48It's still hours before dawn when the plane lifts off.
17:51The Flash Airlines flight will head out over the Red Sea before turning towards Cairo.
18:06The jet climbs through a moonless, pitch-black night.
18:12The ascent after take-off is going well.
18:14Then, out of nowhere, the simple turn over the Red Sea...
18:22See what the aircraft just did?
18:24...takes a bizarre twist.
18:26Captain Kader doesn't like the way his plane is behaving.
18:35Aircraft is turning right.
18:37Turning right? How turning right?
18:39The plane is supposed to be turning left on its way to Cairo.
18:46Instead, it's turning in the opposite direction.
18:52The captain tries to get his plane back on course.
18:56But his situation just gets worse.
18:58Autopilot.
18:59Autopilot in command.
19:04Autopilot in command.
19:08Autopilot.
19:10Autopilot.
19:11But the autopilot doesn't work.
19:13Autopilot commander.
19:15Just minutes after take-off, the plane is out of control.
19:20The 737 is now flying almost completely on its side.
19:24Come on!
19:28And gains speed as it spirals towards the Red Sea.
19:35The enormous G-forces make it difficult for Captain Abdullah to fly.
19:40Retopilot! Retopilot! Retopilot!
19:43Retopilot!
19:44Retopilot!
19:50Retopilot!
19:54Retopilot!
19:563 minutes after Flash Airlines Flight 604 takes off.
20:03Retopilot!
20:05The plane disappears into the Red Sea.
20:07by the time the Sun rises the crash site is found but there's little rescuers can
20:18do 148 people are dead there are no survivors
20:26Egyptian French and American teams join forces to investigate the crash the light debris scattered
20:45on the surface of the Red Sea gives them their first clue there was very very few pieces at all
20:52located at a very small area so this indicated that the plane was intact and went into the water
21:01intact the debris pattern rules out an on-board explosion or breakup mid-flight to learn more
21:10investigators must recover the wreckage and black boxes currently thousands of feet underwater whenever
21:19an airplane crashes into the water there's always a fear by investigators that the cockpit voice
21:23recorder and the flight data recorder may not be recovered without them could make the investigation
21:28process very very difficult finally after an exhaustive search a breakthrough the black boxes
21:39are recovered by a remotely operated sub investigators now have some hard evidence in Cairo the multinational
21:57investigation team examines the critical devices they mine the data from both boxes to recreate the
22:05final minutes of the doomed plane to depict the path of the aircraft we created an animation based on the
22:12data we got them from radar the simulation paints a devastating picture shortly after takeoff the plane begins
22:21heading left just as it was supposed to but then it quickly starts banking in the other direction
22:29the cockpit voice recorder shows that the turn catches the captain off guard turning right sir I'll turn it right
22:40the pilots were experiencing definitely some kind of an abnormality the problem that they could not
22:48understand digging deeper into the flight data recorder investigators discover something peculiar we believe from the
22:57data we we are looking at the flight data recorder that there's a very high possibility that the plane was tending to turn to the right by itself
23:06data also reveals that before the planes bizarre turn to the right three things seem to happen at the same time
23:15the plane ends its left turn early its nose rises and the airspeed drops
23:25but shockingly the captain says nothing in fact he seems completely unaware of the dramatic changes
23:35to his flight path I've flown out of Charmache at night time and in the same type of aircraft and in no way
23:43should the pilot allow the airspeed to drop by as much as 30 knots or the bank angle to change beyond
23:48five degrees without clearly stating the reasons for the change in the flight path investigators are stumped
23:55the Egyptian team suspects the aircraft failed somehow but there's nothing in the flight data that proves a
24:03mechanical failure was capable of bringing the plane down American investigators want to explore the
24:12possibility that the highly regarded pilots may have been at fault in Egypt pilots are very respected
24:19and in particular air force pilots are very highly regarded in an environment like this the pilot is somewhat
24:25immune to suspicion when something goes wrong a natural tendency is to blame the equipment
24:29nevertheless some investigators begin to consider a provocative theory that might explain the flight's erratic behavior
24:39the plane's flight path into a dark moonless night is ideal for creating a sense of vertigo vertigo is a
24:59physiological condition that would exist with any person not just pilots and it's based on the inner ear over a
25:06dark ocean without a defined visual horizon no ground lights the pilot may not be able to perceive
25:12visually whether he was flying up down left or right that may cause the pilot to believe the airplane is
25:20flying straight and level when it's actually turning
25:22soon after takeoff captain cader was flying manually and starts turning left as planned
25:36heading out over dark water with no visible horizon it would be very difficult using just his senses for the
25:43pilot to know exactly the pilot to know exactly where he was left turn roger when ready inshallah
25:49left turn to establish 306 charm vr investigators need to know how could a veteran combat pilot
25:59become so mixed up that he crashes his jet into the ocean
26:06investigators pour through the cockpit voice recordings and flight data of flash airways flight 604
26:13they're searching for an explanation as to how captain cader may have become oblivious to his plane's
26:21sudden bank to the right when you study the movement of the aircraft control surfaces it appears
26:27that something was guiding captain cutter to the right now that could have been a false horizon or
26:33something he's seen outside of his window see what the aircraft just did he thinks he's gained his flight
26:39path again and all of a sudden at this moment he receives contradictory information turning right sir
26:48in this particular instance not only are you trying to fly the airplane and understand situationally
26:54what's happening but you're going through the mental gymnastics because your expectations are one way
26:59meanwhile you have the first officer who's telling him something that's totally different
27:02but investigators know that with proper training pilots should trust the help of a co-pilot when
27:11disorientation sets in
27:16investigators are curious not yet why didn't the co-pilot take control of the plane
27:22the team turns to the flash airlines pilot training they make a disturbing find flight crews had not been
27:35provided with crm or crew resource management training despite it being a requirement of the company had the
27:44pilots of flash air 604 received a formal crm training program the outcome of this flight may have been
27:51substantially different investigators now believe this explains why the first officer made no attempt
27:58to take control of the plane formal crm training would have empowered the first officer who had the
28:05best situational awareness and the most information about the position of the airplane to take command of
28:10the airplane when he saw that the captain wasn't taking the appropriate corrective action the final report
28:17recognizes that the pitch black night may have fooled the captain's brain into thinking he was flying
28:22straight when he wasn't but egyptian investigators do not entirely rule out a possible mechanical issue
28:30aircraft is turning right turning right how turning right it also suggests that with more of an emphasis
28:37on crm training the co-pilot may have been able to recover the plane and pull back from the brink of disaster
28:47the pilots are responding based on skills abilities knowledge and what they got out of training if the
28:54training was deficient that's a company responsibility proper training can be the difference between life
29:00and death and where there are very few outside visual cues it can be very easy to get in a position
29:07where you're disoriented and when you're disoriented you might make decisions as a pilot that'll put that
29:12aircraft in danger and without the use of navigation instruments a pilot can be flying totally blind
29:28surabaya indonesia captain referee widodo is in command of adam air flight 574
29:36he's been flying with adam air for six months
29:42his first officer yogasu santo has been with the airline for almost a year and a half
29:51there are 96 passengers and six crew members on today's flight
29:5680 knots check
30:06b1 rotate
30:09it's a routine two-hour hop from surabaya on the island of java to manado on the island of sulawesi
30:26almost 1700 kilometers northeast
30:28minutes after takeoff the crew turns on the autopilot
30:39the flight computer will fly the plane and navigate it along a pre-planned route to manado
30:45now passing flight level 220 climbing to flight level 330
30:52roger adam 574 track direct to diola
30:56confirmed tracking director diola adam 574
31:0022 000 feet below air traffic controllers track the flight's progress
31:07but they're mystified by what they see where's adam direct to
31:11my god he's flying north
31:17less than 30 minutes after takeoff flight 574 has flown off course directly towards a violent storm
31:30i have your attention this is your captain speaking we are about to experience some turbulence
31:38air traffic controllers work with the flight crew
31:41yes to try and understand how far they have drifted off course
31:48the pilots realize the coordinates in the flight navigation system aren't matching their current
31:54position the irs 28 is the difference
32:02the weather is making it hard to see and without a navigation system they can trust
32:07they risk veering even more wildly off course getting lost over the ocean is everyone's worry
32:16because when you lose trust of your navigation instruments what do you do
32:21it's starting to fly like a bamboo ship
32:23the pilots of adam air flight 574 are way off course headed into a bad thunderstorm
32:34confirm my position adam 574 confirm my position please roger adam 574 position is 125 miles mike kilo sierra
32:43the storm is growing worse this is crazy we're going to get lost if it stays like this
32:58captain widodo wants to take over navigation of the plane from the flight computer
33:03okay put the irs in attitude
33:12suddenly a warning the autopilot has disengaged completely then many of susanto's computerized
33:20instruments go blank
33:21to make matters worse flight 574 is now banking right on a dangerous angle okay enter this
33:31captain widodo wants to re-engage the autopilot
33:35okay put it back
33:38put it on ramp again
33:43an alarm tells the pilots they are entering a steep descent
33:46flight 574 vanishes from radar adam 574 you junk control adam 574 you junk control
34:13news of the disappearance spreads quickly
34:17search and rescue teams are mobilized
34:22indonesia's national transportation safety committee or ntsc is notified
34:32france winas is the investigator of adam air 574
34:40the first steps that we take when there was an accident
34:43we will find all the resources that we have and get the team together before we dispatch to the area
34:54to have any hope of conduct a successful investigation he needs to locate the wreckage and the black boxes as soon as he can
35:01when the plane was last detected by radar it was crossing the macassar straight
35:11the search area is the size of ireland
35:15pinpointing the wreckage is nearly impossible
35:18when the aircraft went missing it was a bit of a shock for everybody because
35:25in this day and age nobody expects an aircraft to go missing
35:29within a few weeks of the crash investigators pinpoint the wreckage some 6 500 feet below the surface
35:37but the airline and indonesian government can't agree on who should pay for the salvage
35:43after a grueling seven-month-long battle the salvage operation finally begins
35:57pull up quadrant three because the plane is american-made clint crookshanks from the national
36:03transportation safety board joins the investigation it was quite deep water deeper than uh than we're
36:10normally used to recovering airplanes from
36:15the only items they can recover that's it that's that's it are the aircraft's black boxes
36:22the black boxes as the only source for the evidence that we have because we don't have
36:32the brackets we don't have the witnesses the discovery is a massive breakthrough
36:40the boxes will provide investigators with the first solid clues about why flight 574 fell from the sky
36:48roger adam 574 track direct to diola confirmed tracking director diola adam 574 the conversation
36:56on the cockpit voice recorder tells investigators that the crew discovered that the plane's navigation
37:01system was sending them off course the irs 28 is the difference they're drifting they seem preoccupied
37:11with fixing the problem this is messed up investigators need to understand why the plane flew so far off
37:22the flight path set by the jet's navigation system
37:28to maintain the plane's flight path the flight computer always has to know the plane's exact location
37:33that information comes from a component called the irs or inertial reference system
37:43it tracks every adjustment to the plane's course to calculate its exact position
37:48it then feeds that information to the autopilot the autopilot needs to know where the aircraft is
37:55uh and where it needs to go now the autopilot takes those data from the irs in terms of height heading speed
38:05investigators need to know if the irs was faulty and leading the plane in the wrong direction
38:12they check the irs information from the flight data recorder the numbers are fine when they're on the
38:18ground yes the data confirms the irs was properly calibrated before adam air flight 574 took off
38:27this is where it begins that's right but for some reason the irs began to send the plane off course
38:34almost as soon as the flight got into the air
38:39investigators now face a disturbing new question
38:42did a faulty irs contribute to the jet's catastrophic nosedive into the sea
38:54just just gets worse and worse indonesian and american investigators dig through flight 574's
39:01maintenance history to better understand why it got lost in space
39:05i have something else i'd like to show you they discover that the irs unit that led the plane off
39:13course was plagued with problems as you can tell there's more than 100 write-ups here
39:22look at this same unit the same problem that's right over the past three months numerous complaints
39:30had been written up again and again the case of the irs of this aircraft that unit should have been
39:37taken out and sent to maintenance for calibration or repairs it's a big break in the investigation
39:45but the failing irs only explains why the plane steered off course investigators still don't know what
39:52caused the plane to actually crash to paint a vivid picture of the moments leading up to the mysterious
39:59accident the team creates a computer simulation of the flight by combining the flight data and cockpit voice recorder
40:11investigators can now see that once captain wadodo realizes the flight computer is sending the plane off
40:17course they put the irs in attitude co-pilot susanto overrides the flight computer by switching the navigation
40:32system to a mode that would keep the plane flying straight and level captain wadodo could now change his
40:40course this is where they switch from nav to attitude but when the navigation mode is switched it forces some
40:53computerized navigation controls including the attitude indicator to go blank for about 30 seconds while they
41:01reset a di goes off and stays off during this time the autopilot systems are totally disengaged
41:15and the pilots need to fly the plane straight and level using visual flight rules
41:20maintain straight and level constant airspeed flight until attitude displays recover approximately 30 seconds
41:33it's in the manual but with no natural horizon and no navigation control panels
41:40the captain has absolutely no way of knowing if the plane is flying straight
41:45that's where the plane starts its right roll the pilots are in the perfect conditions necessary to become totally disoriented
41:56the autopilot disengaged when they consciously selected from the nav mode to the attitude mode
42:04and then the aircraft commenced an almost imperceptible roll to the right of around about one degree per second
42:12the crew has no idea that their plane is dipping one degree per second
42:19it's a very common way for pilots to become disoriented
42:25your body will start to fool you
42:27your senses will start sending you false information
42:31you might think that you are actually going straight and level where you're actually rolling slowly to the right or to the left
42:36whatever
42:39completely disoriented wedodo tries to straighten the plane by pulling back on his control column before his wings are level
42:48forcing the plane into a tight spiral dive
42:52it just kept rolling until it almost went inverted and just fell it kind of fell out of the sky once it
42:59it got to a point where it wasn't flying like a normal airplane should
43:06Investigators conclude that equipment designed to prevent pilots from getting lost in space tragically failed the crew of Adam air flight 574.
43:18And when the flight crew got confused and lost their bearings, they couldn't save the plane.
43:24Time and again it's a human factor that can never be completely eliminated as a flight risk.
43:31But a pilot can learn how to fight the effect of deceptive illusions with good training.
43:37In all of these cases, we see pilots that are disoriented as to which way is right side up.
43:46It means that you have to revert back to your primary instrument training of trust the instruments.
43:53That's one of the lessons that we learned and it continues to evolve today.