atomic bomb of hiroshima nagasaki part 2

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00:00now i am become death the destroyer of worlds the world will note that the first atomic bomb

00:10was dropped on hiroshima a military base

00:14on august 7th 1945 the day after hiroshima was destroyed dr yoshio nishina a leading japanese

00:24physicist and other atomic scientists arrived in hiroshima to examine the damage they confirmed

00:31that the city had been destroyed by an atomic bomb and reported back to the cabinet in tokyo

00:37despite this the cabinet decided to continue the war a decision intercepted by american magic code

00:44breakers meanwhile president truman returned from the potsdam conference and spoke about the atomic

00:50bombing of hiroshima describing it as a military base he later declared we shall continue to use

00:57it until we completely destroy japan's power to make war with no sign of japan surrendering

01:05the decision was made to attack another city on august 9 1945 at 3 47 a.m the b-29 super fortress

01:14boxcar commanded by major charles sweeney took off from tinian island with the fat man plutonium bomb

01:21on board the mission plan was almost identical to that of hiroshima with two b-29s including the enola

01:29gay flying an hour ahead as weather scouts boxcar was accompanied by two observation aircraft

01:36the great artiste and big stink the primary target was kokura known for its arsenal and military

01:44equipment production with nagasaki as the secondary target sweeney took off with the bomb already

01:50armed but with the electrical safety plugs still engaged during the pre-flight inspection the flight

01:58engineer told sweeney that the aircraft had a malfunctioning fuel pump replacing the pump would

02:03take hours and worse still moving the fat man to another aircraft might take just as long and was

02:09dangerous as well as the bomb was live therefore tibbets and sweeney decided to continue the mission with boxcar

02:17observers aboard the weather planes reported both targets kokura and nagasaki as clear when boxcar

02:23arrived at the rendezvous point over yakushima island the great artiste joined shortly after however

02:30the big stink failed to make the rendezvous because it was flying much higher than it should have been

02:34and was not flying tight circles over yakushima as agreed although boxcar was ordered not to circle

02:40longer than 15 minutes it waited for big stink for 40 minutes before leaving the rendezvous point

02:47as commander of the aircraft sweeney decided to proceed to the primary target kokura the delay at

02:53the rendezvous caused clouds and drifting smoke from fires started by a major firebombing raid on nearby

02:59yahatta the previous day to obscure kokura additionally the yahatta steelworks intentionally burned coal tar

03:08to produce black smoke the resulting conditions covered 70 of the area over kokura obscuring the aiming

03:15point over the next 50 minutes three bomb runs were made burning fuel and exposing the aircraft to heavy

03:23defenses but the bombardier could not drop visually by the third bomb run japanese anti-aircraft fire was

03:29getting close with fuel running low due to the failed fuel pump boxcar and the great artiste headed for

03:36their secondary target nagasaki the term kokura's luck emerged from this mission highlighting how the

03:43city's obscured visibility due to weather and smoke spared it from the atomic bomb the crew decided that

03:50if nagasaki was obscured on arrival they would carry the bomb to okinawa and dispose of it in the ocean if

03:56necessary at about 7 50 a.m japanese time an air raid alert was sounded in nagasaki but the all clear

04:04signal was given at 8 30 when only two b-29 super fortresses were sighted at 10 53 a.m the japanese

04:13assumed the planes were only on reconnaissance and no further alarm was given a few minutes later at 11 a.m japanese

04:21time the great artiste dropped instruments attached to three parachutes these instruments also contained

04:27an unsigned letter to professor sagane a physicist at the university of tokyo who had studied with

04:33three of the scientists responsible for the atomic bomb at the university of california berkeley the

04:39letter urged him to tell the public about the dangers of these weapons of mass destruction

04:44at 1101 a.m as boxcar approached nagasaki a lucky break in the clouds allowed the bombardier to

04:52visually sight the target as ordered the fat man bomb containing approximately five kilograms or 11

05:00pounds of plutonium was released over the city's industrial valley it detonated 47 seconds later at 1102 a.m

05:11approximately 503 meters or 1650 feet above the ground

05:23the explosion occurred almost directly over a tennis court halfway between two significant industrial

05:29targets the mitsubishi steel and arms works in the south and the nagasaki arsenal in the north

05:36this location was nearly three kilometers or 1.9 miles northwest of the planned hypocenter

05:43the blast released energy equivalent to 21 kilotons of tnt

05:48due to the geographical layout of nagasaki with the urakami valley acting as a natural barrier

05:54a major portion of the city was shielded from the full force of the explosion by the surrounding hills

06:00nonetheless the devastation within the blast radius was immense the initial fireball created by the

06:05explosion reached temperatures of several million degrees celsius instantly incinerating everything

06:11within a one mile radius the resulting shockwave and intense heat caused widespread fires and destruction

06:18leveling buildings and infrastructure the blast also produced lethal radiation contributing to both

06:25immediate and long-term casualties boxcar and its support aircraft the great artiste quickly left the

06:32area after the bomb release meanwhile big stink which had been separated earlier spotted the explosion

06:39from a distance of 160 kilometers or 100 miles away and flew over to observe the aftermath the immediate

06:47death toll was estimated to be between 40 000 and 75 000 people with tens of thousands more succumbing to

06:54injuries and radiation effects in the following months and years after the hiroshima bombing it is

07:01estimated that as many as 200 people sought refuge in nagasaki only to endure another atomic explosion

07:08these individuals were known as double survivors nine of them claimed to be in the blast zone in both cities

07:14tsutomu yamaguchi was the first officially recognized survivor of both bombings he was confirmed to be

07:23three kilometers or 1.9 miles from ground zero in hiroshima on a business trip when the bomb detonated

07:30he was seriously burnt on his left side and spent the night in hiroshima he arrived in his home city of

07:37nagasaki on august 8th the day before the bombing and was exposed to residual radiation while searching for his

07:44relatives yamaguchi died in 2010 of stomach cancer

07:58only hours before boxcar took off from tinian soviet foreign minister molotov had informed tokyo of the

08:05soviet union's unilateral abrogation of the soviet japanese neutrality pact

08:11at two minutes past midnight on august 9th tokyo time soviet infantry armor and air forces had

08:19launched the manchurian strategic offensive operation four hours later word reached tokyo

08:25of the soviet union's official declaration of war crushing the last hope of the japanese government

08:31for soviet mediation but still the senior leadership of the japanese army began preparations to impose

08:38martial law on the nation with the support of minister of war anami to stop anyone attempting

08:43to make peace this was only hours before boxcar would release the fat man bomb the big six formally

08:52met on the morning of august 9th 1945 to address the situation the full cabinet met at 2 30 pm and spent

09:00most of the day debating surrender anami conceded that victory was unlikely but argued in favor of

09:06continuing the war the discussion during this meeting centered on both the hiroshima bombing

09:12and the soviet invasion of manchuria they were interrupted by news of the atomic bombing of nagasaki

09:18during their deliberations the meeting ended at 5 30 pm with no decision having been reached at the

09:26meeting the big six were divided for accepting the potsdam declaration were prime minister suzuki

09:32foreign minister togo and admiral yonai for continuing the war with conditions were minister

09:38of war anami general umezu and admiral toyota they insisted on conditions including no occupation of

09:44japan and conducting their own war crimes trials with the big six deadlocked prime minister suzuki

09:51went to the palace to seek the intervention of emperor hirohito an imperial conference was convened

09:57late on august 9th into the early hours of august 10th this was a significant and unprecedented step

10:04as the emperor traditionally did not intervene directly in political decisions during the conference

10:10the arguments from both sides were presented ultimately emperor hirohito expressed his desire to

10:17end the war stating that japan must bear the unbearable to prevent further destruction and suffering

10:23he favored accepting the potsdam declaration with the sole condition of preserving kokutai the imperial

10:30institution on august 14th hirohito recorded his capitulation announcement on that day anami signed the

10:45surrender document with the rest of the cabinet and committed seppuku early the next morning his

10:52suicide note read i with my death humbly apologize meaning to the emperor for the great crime

11:02japan officially surrendered to the allies on august 15th 1945 the formal signing of the surrender

11:09documents took place on september 2nd 1945 aboard the uss missouri in tokyo bay in 1959 general tibbets

11:19who piloted the enola gay that dropped the atomic bomb on hiroshima met with captain fuchida the japanese

11:26officer who led the first wave of the attack on pearl harbor in a conversation tibbets said to fuchida

11:33you sure did surprise us at pearl harbor in which he replied what do you think you did to us at hiroshima

11:41fuchida further told him you did the right thing you know the japanese attitude at that time

11:47how fanatic they were they die for the emperor every man woman and child would have resisted that

11:54invasion with sticks and stones if necessary can you imagine what a slaughter it would be to invade japan

12:01it would have been terrible the japanese people know more about that than the american public will

12:06ever know hero onoda a japanese soldier is renowned for his incredible story of loyalty and survival

12:15having refused to surrender for nearly 30 years after world war ii ended onoda was an intelligence

12:21officer in the imperial japanese army stationed on lubang island in the philippines when the war ended in

12:28august 1945 onoda and his small group of soldiers were unaware or refused to believe it they initially

12:35encountered a leaflet in october 1945 announcing japan's surrender but they dismissed it as allied

12:42propaganda the turning point came only in 1974 when the japanese government located onoda's former

12:49commanding officer major taniguchi who traveled to lubang to formally relieve onoda of his duties

12:55on march 9th 1974 taniguchi personally delivered the orders to onoda convincing him that the war had

13:03indeed ended many argue that world war ii has not yet ended because japan and the soviet union now russia

13:12have not signed a formal peace treaty due to the disagreement over the sovereignty of the kuril islands

13:18an unresolved conflict that keeps a shadow from the past hanging over the present day

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