5 Théories qui Postulent que Nous ne Venons pas de la Terre

Sympa

Et si les humains n'étaient en fait pas originaires de la Terre ? Cela semble fou, n'est-ce pas ? Certains scientifiques et théoriciens croient que nous pourrions provenir d'ailleurs—peut-être même d'une autre planète ! De l'idée selon laquelle nous serions arrivés ici sur des comètes aux théories concernant des anciens extraterrestres ayant implanté la vie, il existe de nombreuses possibilités étonnantes. Certains disent que nos corps ne sont pas bien adaptés aux conditions terrestres, comme les douleurs dorsales et les coups de soleil, comme si nous avions été conçus pour un autre monde. Que ce soit Mars, une autre galaxie, ou même une simulation, ces théories vous feront certainement remettre en question tout ce que vous pensez savoir. Prêt à explorer les possibilités et à repenser nos véritables origines ?  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00The Panspermia theory postulates that life can naturally spread in space,

00:06like seeds scattered throughout the universe.

00:09Long debated, this hypothesis was lacking proof until recently.

00:14Thanks to scientific advances, it is now taken seriously.

00:19It used to be believed that it was impossible for an organism to survive its expulsion from a planet,

00:25and that some micro-organisms managed to cross space and land intact on another star.

00:33In the 1970s, the interest in this question was revived after the discovery of Martian rocks on Earth,

00:40demonstrating that materials could travel between planets.

00:43Scientists have identified several mechanisms allowing rock fragments to be propelled into space

00:50and to resist the rigors of travel.

00:53These observations have given a new credit to the Panspermia hypothesis.

00:57Researchers wondered if micro-organisms could have migrated from one planet to another within the solar system.

01:04To make this conceivable, they would have to survive their expulsion,

01:08withstand the space vacuum, and endure the impact on a new star.

01:12To test this hypothesis, many experiments have been carried out to reproduce these extreme environments.

01:19It turned out that some sports resist these conditions taken individually,

01:24and even to combinations of stress factors in laboratories.

01:27A transfer of micro-organisms between Mars and Earth, or to another habitable planet, therefore seems scientifically plausible.

01:35This phenomenon could not be limited to Mars and Earth.

01:39Some moons of Jupiter and Saturn, such as Kyo, Europe, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, and Enceladus,

01:46also present conditions likely to allow the survival of biological forms.

01:51Micro-organisms can survive years in space with a simple protection against UV.

01:57In a way, they look like cosmic superheroes, provided they are slightly sheltered.

02:03And if they are under a layer of two meters of meteorite, their longevity could reach 25 million years,

02:09a duration much longer than that of most marriages.

02:14Even more surprising, scientists have managed to revive terrestrial microbes after a sleep of 250 million years.

02:22It's a bit like a fossil suddenly found life and screamed,

02:26Surprise!

02:28All these discoveries have shaken our approach to the search for extraterrestrial life.

02:33In the past, we thought that life could only prosper on planets with similar conditions to those on Earth.

02:39Now, we know that it can adapt to extreme environments.

02:43This better understanding has contributed to the development of astrobiology,

02:47a discipline devoted to the study of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe.

02:54Mars is among the most promising targets.

02:58We know that it once had an environment similar to that of Earth,

03:02which means that life could have appeared there.

03:06In addition, the presence of traces of methane in its atmosphere intrigues scientists,

03:11because this gas could be of biological origin.

03:14Recently, underground lakes of liquid water have also been detected,

03:19revealing the possibility that Martian microbes are still developing there today.

03:25Europe, one of Jupiter's moons, represents another fascinating track.

03:30Its underground ocean could house a life similar to those that proliferate around the hydrothermal sources of the terrestrial abysses,

03:37or in the Vostok Lake, buried under the Antarctic ice.

03:41Encelade, a moon of Saturn,

03:43has geysers that project water vapor and organic particles,

03:48a possible sign of biological activity.

03:52In short, space is a territory full of mysteries and surprises.

03:57Who knows what discoveries await us yet?

04:01Yes, this long explanation was based on the Panspermi.

04:05But it is certainly not the only theory on the origin of life in space.

04:10In addition to the Panspermi, there is the Directed Panspermi,

04:15a slightly bolder idea.

04:18It suggests that life on Earth would have been intentionally introduced by an advanced extraterrestrial civilization,

04:25assuming that life is too rare in the universe to have spontaneously appeared on our planet.

04:35The Directed Panspermi is based on the idea that beings from other planets would have intentionally sent life to Earth.

04:42I'm not kidding.

04:44Some advances, as well as extraterrestrials, would have deliberately sent microorganisms,

04:49or even entire organisms, to initiate life on our planet.

04:54According to this theory,

04:56these interstellar travelers would have sought to spread life throughout the universe,

05:00and Earth would have been just a step among others.

05:03A bit like cosmic gardening,

05:05they would have sown life and let nature grow.

05:10As strange as it may seem,

05:12some scientists take this hypothesis seriously.

05:16They believe that the complexity of life on Earth is too great to be the result of mere chance,

05:21and that an external influence could have played a role.

05:24However, the classic theory of the Directed Panspermi remains, in my opinion, more convincing.

05:32Another hypothesis, called chemical evolution, proposes a different approach.

05:36It suggests that life would have been born from simple organic molecules,

05:40spontaneously formed in the primitive atmosphere of Earth or in space.

05:46These molecules would then have evolved into more complex structures,

05:50giving birth to the first living organisms.

05:53Primitive Earth presented very different conditions from those we know today.

05:59Its atmosphere was mainly made up of gases such as methane, ammonia and carbon dioxide,

06:05without any trace of oxygen.

06:07These conditions were conducive to the formation of organic molecules.

06:11Among the experiments that supported the theory of chemical evolution,

06:15the Miller-Urey experiment, carried out in 1952, is undoubtedly the most famous.

06:21Stanley Miller and Harold Urey recreated in a laboratory the supposed atmosphere of primitive Earth

06:27and succeeded in producing amino acids, the fundamental components of proteins.

06:33This experiment thus demonstrated that organic molecules

06:37could emerge from simple inorganic compounds in conditions similar to those of the time.

06:44Over time, these elementary organic molecules

06:47came together to form more and more complex structures,

06:50gradually leading to the appearance of the first living organisms.

06:54This process would have taken millions of years,

06:57and probably took place in successive stages.

07:01Although chemical evolution remains a hypothesis

07:03and that many questions remain about the origin of life,

07:07it is a credible explanation of the way in which inanimate matter

07:11could have given birth to living beings.

07:15Ready to discover a new hypothesis?

07:17Let's talk about the theory of hydrothermal sources.

07:20According to this idea, life on Earth would have appeared near the underwater chimneys

07:24located at the bottom of the oceans.

07:27These formations release a mixture of minerals and chemical substances in a heated water,

07:32thus creating an environment that could have favored the emergence of the first organic molecules

07:37and the development of life.

07:39This theory offers another explanation of the origin of life.

07:43It suggests that, in the ocean depths,

07:46sources of heated water fed by the activity of the Earth's core

07:50release a great variety of minerals and chemical compounds.

07:54These particular conditions could have offered an ideal setting

07:57for the appearance of the first forms of life.

08:00Scientists estimate that the first living organisms

08:03could have emerged around these hydrothermal sources,

08:06exploiting the chemical and mineral elements present to produce energy.

08:10Over time, these organisms would have evolved and colonized other areas of the ocean.

08:15Although the theory of hydrothermal sources is still a subject of research and debate,

08:20it is a fascinating clue to understand the origin of life on Earth.

08:25Let's finish with another major hypothesis,

08:27that of the world of AARN.

08:29According to this theory, ribonucleic acid

08:32would have been the first molecule capable of self-replicating.

08:35Playing a key role in the evolution of life.

08:38AARN is indeed capable of storing genetic information

08:42and catalyzing chemical reactions,

08:44which would make it a possible precursor of DNA and proteins.

08:49In other words, this hypothesis suggests that life on Earth

08:52could well have started with a simple molecule of AARN.

08:57AARN is a kind of cousin of DNA,

09:00which makes up our genome.

09:02Researchers think it could have been the first molecule capable of reproducing itself,

09:06a fundamental mechanism for the emergence of life.

09:10The idea is that, in the early days of the Earth,

09:13various chemical compounds were suspended.

09:16At some point, these elements would have come together to form molecules of AARN.

09:21Thanks to its ability to self-replicate,

09:24AARN would then gradually give birth to more complex forms of life.

09:29Although this hypothesis has not yet been proven,

09:32it remains a seductive explanation.

09:34And who knows,

09:35maybe one day we will discover that it is the origin of our existence.

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