Pourquoi Il n’y a Pas De Pont Sur Le Fleuve Amazone

Sympa

Avez-vous déjà remarqué qu'il n'y a pas de ponts sur le vaste fleuve Amazone ? Ce n'est pas parce que personne n'y a pensé—c'est simplement très difficile d'en construire un ! Le fleuve est incroyablement large et change constamment, avec de forts courants et des sédiments mouvants qui rendent la construction cauchemardesque. De plus, la plupart des villes et des villages sont construits le long des rives, donc il n'y a pas beaucoup de demande pour un pont au milieu. À la place, les gens se fient aux bateaux et aux ferries pour traverser, ce qui est plus logique dans la jungle dense. Pour l'instant, l'Amazone reste donc sauvage et sans pont ! 🏞️✨  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00A bridge, an essential structure whose existence dates back to the Neolithic.

00:06The oldest still standing is the Mycenaean bridge of Kazarma, built more than 3,000 years ago.

00:13But it is a river that no bridge can cross.

00:17The Amazon, the most important watercourse on the planet.

00:21Certainly, the Nile officially holds the record for length, but the Amazon is well known for both titles.

00:28Born in Peru, the Amazon River crosses Colombia and Brazil before throwing itself into the Atlantic by a gigantic delta.

00:36Its route even exceeds the journey of Sam and Frodon.

00:40And yet, no bridge can cross it.

00:43So why?

00:46First of all, these seasonal creeks radically change the flow.

00:51In dry periods, they spread over about 5 km wide.

00:55But under the effect of floodwaters, it can reach up to 50 km in a few weeks.

01:01In addition, these creeks move the bed of the river.

01:04Building a bridge on a land that is metamorphosed by spreading water for 4 months of the year

01:10is a considerable technical challenge, but not out of reach.

01:14Remember your geography classes.

01:17River banks, especially in the Amazon, are often unstable and prone to erosion.

01:23Torrential rains also generate tides, a real natural regulator of the creeks,

01:29which filter the water and shelter a fauna of great diversity.

01:33This implies that part of this humid area should be drained to allow the construction of a bridge,

01:40which would cause irreparable damage to the local fauna.

01:44In addition, the foundations necessary for this bridge should be deep, causing considerable costs.

01:51Rain causes another major problem in this project.

01:54It causes an elevation of the water level that can reach 13 to 15 m.

01:59Of course, bridges have been built above deep watercourses,

02:03such as the Padma Bridge, a colossal structure with a foundation of 127 m.

02:09However, due to the rapid erosion of the Amazon soil,

02:12the bridge should be designed from floating structures, called pontoons,

02:17which are not suitable for a river whose depth fluctuates at will.

02:21Now let's move on to another major obstacle for human engineering.

02:25The Amazon forest.

02:27Spread over 9 countries, this forest is so vast and dense

02:31that it could cover almost half of Europe.

02:34As a result, a bridge would most likely connect two sections of the forest,

02:39bringing insignificant progress for the local fauna, such as capybaras and jaguars.

02:44Naturally, the main beneficiaries of such a bridge would be humans.

02:48Indeed, most of the local population is spread out around the Amazon reefs,

02:53far from the river itself.

02:54After all, who would like to live like a beaver on the edge of a dam?

02:58There is even a state, Lamapa, on the left bank of the Amazon,

03:03which is completely cut off from the rest of Brazil.

03:06You could easily visit its neighbor, Guyana.

03:09But to reach a different region of Brazil,

03:12you would have to resort to other means of transport.

03:15With the exception of small riverine communities

03:18that live directly on the banks of the river,

03:20which goes without saying,

03:22large cities have been established near tributary rivers,

03:25such as the Rio Negro, which has a bridge,

03:28or the Nane river, in Peru.

03:30The bridges that make up the Nane and the Rio Negro

03:33are the only two structures of this kind in the Amazon basin.

03:37The lack of road infrastructure in the Amazon

03:41also makes the construction of bridges completely superfluous.

03:44In the 1970s, humanity was full of great ambitions

03:48to explore the Amazon more.

03:50It was in this spirit that they envisaged the construction of a highway

03:53crossing the Amazon basin from one end to the other.

03:56The Trans-Amazonian Highway,

03:58supposed to facilitate access to the heart of the forest,

04:00however, failed to meet these objectives.

04:03It seems that the difficulties related to the construction

04:06of more than 3,200 kilometers of road

04:08in the heart of a dense tropical forest

04:10were not anticipated.

04:12Halfway through, the project was abandoned

04:15due to its exorbitant cost

04:17and the many problems encountered.

04:19And today, the highways of the Amazon basin

04:22are constantly flooded,

04:24full of crevasses and mud.

04:26This situation creates a vicious circle.

04:29People do not settle near the river,

04:31and access to it is difficult.

04:33Roads do not lead there,

04:35because their construction is extremely complex.

04:37And this leads even fewer people

04:39to settle on the banks of the Amazon,

04:41due to the lack of roads to get there.

04:43So, in the absence of roads and bridges,

04:45how do the inhabitants survive in this region?

04:47You will not believe it,

04:49but the riverine populations use

04:51an invention as old as reliable,

04:53the boat.

04:54The Amazon river is entirely navigable,

04:56and the inhabitants use it as a road.

04:58Just like for motorcycles, cars and buses,

05:01the Amazon has canoes,

05:03outboards and ferries.

05:05There is even a specific ferry

05:07called Obidance,

05:09which serves the locality of Obidos,

05:11hence its name.

05:13The locals do everything on boats.

05:15They even have a floating hospital,

05:17which moves from city to city

05:19to treat the riverine populations,

05:21as well as a floating bank,

05:23where one can make all these transactions

05:25while admiring the immensity of the Amazon.

05:27Honestly, what a brilliant invention!

05:30The absence of bridges, however,

05:32has a major drawback.

05:34It prevents the exploration of real hidden treasures.

05:37For example, in the Amazon,

05:39there would be more than 10,000 archaeological sites

05:41still unknown.

05:43We may never be able to discover

05:45some remains, such as fortified villages,

05:47geoglyphs and other structures.

05:49It would be exciting to relive

05:51the adventures of Lara Croft

05:53in the heart of the Amazon,

05:55but this remains well hidden

05:57in the depths of the forest.

05:59On the other hand,

06:01only in boats can we observe

06:03this incredible phenomenon

06:05where the waters of the Rio Negro

06:07and the Solimo

06:09refuse to mix in the Amazon.

06:11For more than 5 km,

06:13these two streams flow side by side

06:15without mixing.

06:17The speed and temperature of the waters

06:19being different,

06:21you will observe a river

06:23and an impressive phenomenon

06:25known as the Water Encounter.

06:27The Amazon is not the only

06:29watercourse in the world

06:31considered to be without bridges.

06:33The Congo River,

06:35the second longest river in Africa,

06:37has only one bridge crossing it.

06:39The Congo-Brazzaville

06:41and the Congo-Kinshasa

06:43are separated by this river

06:45and to this day,

06:47no road has any connection between them.

06:49A little anecdote.

06:51At the time when the supercontinent

06:53of Gondwana existed

06:55and that all continents were united,

06:57the Amazon and the Congo River

06:59formed one and the same river,

07:01connected between them.

07:03Another place where the bridges make mistakes

07:05is located on the east side of the Thames,

07:07in London.

07:09The western part of the east river

07:11is narrower,

07:13which makes the construction

07:15of the bridges simpler.

07:17There are about 33 bridges

07:19In the 19th century,

07:21maritime companies estimated

07:23that building too many bridges

07:25on the Thames would be too expensive

07:27because this area was part

07:29of a navigation route

07:31and its bridges should be

07:33much higher than normal.

07:35Their structure should also

07:37be particularly long

07:39given that some sections

07:41of the Thames are

07:43nearly 570 meters wide.

07:45However, the construction

07:47of the bridges is only 13 kilometers long.

07:49When it was built in the 1970s,

07:51it was the second longest bridge

07:53in the world.

07:55This structure is so vast that in 2018

07:57a little girl was born

07:59while her mother was crossing it

08:01and since then the place

08:03inscribed on her birth certificate

08:05is neither more nor less than the bridge.

08:07There is no possible turn,

08:09so if you take it by mistake,

08:11prepare for a long journey.

08:13So, the next time you decide

08:15to visit the Amazon,

08:17don't forget to bring your own canoe.

Category

Transcript

Recommended