‘மேக் இன் இந்தியா’ தெரியும்; அதென்ன ‘மேக் இன் ஸ்பேஸ்’-இல் செயற்கை இதயம்?

ETVBHARAT

விண்வெளியில் புதிய தயாரிப்புகளை உருவாக்க, இஸ்ரோவுக்கு சென்னை ஐஐடி ஆய்வுகள் உதவும் என அதன் இயக்குநர் காமகோடி தெரிவித்துள்ளார்.

Transcript

00:00Yesterday, Manbhumikku Pradhamar spoke about our XTEM, a center of excellence in Manikyipath.

00:10This is Extraterrestrial Manufacturing.

00:14This is a recent advanced technology.

00:18I will divide this into two parts.

00:23One, if you go to space and do some manufacturing, it will be useful for space itself.

00:32It is making space for space.

00:35That is the first part.

00:37Similarly, you can go to space and do some manufacturing for Earth.

00:45That is very important.

00:47That is making space for Earth.

00:49So, I will divide this interview into two parts.

00:52Making space for space.

00:54Making space for Earth.

00:56First, making space for space.

00:58Now, we want to build a space station there.

01:02We want to do space tourism.

01:04We want to make it look like Thangara.

01:06These are some of the concepts that are coming up.

01:09Initially, it may seem like fiction.

01:11But, it is the truth.

01:13If we want to do the same interview in 1998,

01:16we can't even install this many cameras.

01:18There were so many cameras.

01:20Now, we can install a camera in a mobile phone.

01:22We can do all this.

01:24In 1998,

01:26I am using mobile as an example.

01:28In 1998,

01:30we had a mobile phone only to talk.

01:32Today,

01:34we do everything other than talking.

01:36That is how advanced it has become.

01:38Today, we may think that it is fiction.

01:40In the future,

01:42some enabling technologies are being extended.

01:45For example,

01:47if we want a human settlement,

01:49we need to build a structure there.

01:51We can't take concrete from here.

01:53We need to create the concrete there.

01:55If we want to create concrete,

01:57there won't be water there.

01:59So, how can we create concrete

02:01with very little water?

02:03This is a major research.

02:07If it becomes successful,

02:09can we reduce water here

02:11and create concrete?

02:13It will be useful here

02:15but it will be majorly useful there.

02:17Similarly,

02:19we can go to the moon

02:21and drill there.

02:23We need raw material for concrete.

02:25We can drill there

02:27and use that material

02:29for concrete.

02:31To drill,

02:33we need to send robotics.

02:35We can't send humans

02:37to drill.

02:39They won't have space.

02:41First, we need to send robots

02:43to drill and bring materials.

02:45We need to prove that conclusively

02:47and then take it there.

02:49A big challenge like this

02:51is called human settlement

02:53in extra space.

02:55A major exploratory project

02:57is being taken up

02:59for that.

03:01Next,

03:03if we go there,

03:05for example,

03:07we have a medical diagnosis machine

03:09for checking BP.

03:11If that machine goes there,

03:13it won't work properly.

03:15There is no service shop there.

03:17We need to go to a service shop

03:19from down there.

03:21Processes and machines

03:23are needed for human settlement.

03:25We need a lot of processes

03:27and machines there.

03:29We can take a 3D printer

03:31from there.

03:333D printing for polymers,

03:353D printing for

03:37concrete structures,

03:39coating,

03:41optical fabrication,

03:43medical diagnosis.

03:45Like this,

03:47a lot of processes

03:49and machines are being researched.

03:51Similarly,

03:53aluminum foil,

03:55plastic,

03:57construction materials,

03:59recycling,

04:01research like this.

04:03How much of material

04:05can we go and

04:07construct there?

04:09This is an exploratory project.

04:11Concrete is very important.

04:13Similarly, these processes and machines

04:15are very important.

04:17This is making space for space.

04:19Next,

04:21making space

04:23for earth.

04:25Now,

04:27we are giving three examples.

04:29First, we are making a chip.

04:31To make a chip,

04:33there is a transistor in the chip.

04:35It is like a switch.

04:37If we switch it on,

04:39current will pass.

04:41If we switch it off,

04:43current will stop.

04:45The size of the transistor

04:47is like a square.

04:49Once upon a time,

04:51the size of the square was

04:53180 nanometers.

04:55180 into 10 power minus 9

04:57is equal to 0.00000180 meters.

04:59Now,

05:01it is 2 into 10 power minus 9

05:03is equal to 0.000002 meters.

05:05That is how small it is.

05:07Now,

05:09your mobile phones

05:11are made up of

05:138 nanometers.

05:15In the next generation,

05:17it will be reduced to 2 nanometers.

05:19If you see,

05:21there is a shortcoming.

05:23These transistors

05:25are put in a wafer.

05:27Even if there is a small damage in the wafer,

05:29the transistors

05:31will not work properly.

05:33That is why,

05:35the wafers should be made

05:37very smoothly.

05:39To make a wafer

05:41as smooth as that,

05:43we need gravity.

05:45Gravity pulls the wafer.

05:47To make a wafer

05:49as smooth as that,

05:51there are some problems.

05:53To make a wafer

05:55in a space with

05:57gravity,

05:59the wafers should be smooth.

06:01That is very important

06:03for semiconductor electronics.

06:05Secondly,

06:07the optical fibers

06:09are very small.

06:11Even if there is

06:13a small damage in the

06:15optical fiber,

06:17the data

06:19is optical data.

06:21Everything is light.

06:23If there are more errors in the light,

06:25the data is optical data.

06:27To make a very smooth optical fiber,

06:29the problem is gravity.

06:31When the force of gravity

06:33pulls us down,

06:35there are some problems.

06:37Only in microgravity,

06:39there are no problems.

06:41Thirdly, organ printing

06:43or bio-manufacturing.

06:45To make an artificial heart

06:47or lungs,

06:49everything is very

06:51you know,

06:53very minute micro-architectures.

06:55That is,

06:57micro-tubes,

06:59everything should be

07:01very precise.

07:03To do that,

07:05if we manufacture in space,

07:07the error will reduce.

07:09We will get that precision and smoothness.

07:11So, there are three aspects.

07:13Silicon wafer, organ printing

07:15and optical fiber.

07:17Now,

07:19manufacturing in space for earth.

07:21Next,

07:23to make this happen,

07:25what facilities do we have?

07:27What facilities are we going to create?

07:29In this building,

07:31to test microgravity,

07:332.5 seconds

07:35from top to bottom,

07:37zero gravity,

07:39we have a simulator for 2.5 seconds.

07:41In that, we test all these.

07:43Can we do it smoothly like this?

07:45Can we manufacture like this?

07:47Like this,

07:49in Agni cool,

07:51the parabolic fly dropped.

07:53This drop means,

07:55at one point, we have microgravity.

07:57If we put 400 km,

07:59the gravity will reduce.

08:01Can we manufacture

08:03the drop?

08:05Similarly, we are conducting

08:07an e-plane project.

08:09Vertical liftoff.

08:11Can we simulate microgravity

08:13in that?

08:15This is what we are doing now.

08:17Specifically,

08:19precision manufacturing.

08:21We need very important

08:23inputs in emerging technology.

08:25One is silicon wafer.

08:27The other is organ printing.

08:29Biomanufacturing, optical fiber.

08:31For all these,

08:33to manufacture

08:35space like this,

08:37we are creating some facilities.

08:39This project was given to us

08:41by Institute of Eminence in 2018.

08:43The government gave us a grant

08:45for 5 years.

08:47Approximately Rs. 1000 crores.

08:49They gave us Rs. 200 crores per year.

08:51Out of that,

08:53we did 15 centers of excellence.

08:55One of the centers of excellence

08:57is this.

08:59They have improved a lot.

09:01On the scale of 10,

09:03to do a prototype,

09:05on the scale of 10,

09:07there are 4 or 5 levels.

09:09After that, there is a prototype.

09:11There are many processes.

09:13In this long journey,

09:15like Brain Center,

09:17we have started this.

09:19In 1 or 2 years,

09:21we expect very good results.

09:23This is a highly interdisciplinary center.

09:25Arunachalam, Sathyaniva,

09:27Mechanical Engineering,

09:29Mr. M.S.R. Rao,

09:31Mr. Vairavan,

09:33Diamondronics,

09:35Mr. Physics,

09:37Aerospace,

09:39Metallurgy,

09:41and many other departments.

09:43Yesterday,

09:45our Prime Minister,

09:47Mr. Manmohan Gupta,

09:49spoke about this.

09:51This is very motivating for us.

09:53Definitely,

09:55if you look at it

09:57on a global level,

09:59such research

10:01is happening in many places.

10:03In Europe,

10:05in America,

10:07in China,

10:09we will ramp it up quickly

10:11and bring

10:13international class research

10:15and international class product development

10:17and workable solutions.

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