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Report
US places fresh export restrictions on AI chips
Guardian Nigeria
Follow
1/14/2025
The US has announced new rules for exporting computer chips as Joe Biden concludes his presidency. These rules aim to prevent advanced technology from being sent to rivals like China.
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Transcript
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00:00
A whole new world of art, created almost entirely by computer.
00:06
We can use generative AI to create things like text, images or even music.
00:11
Leading the way on the artificial intelligence front are the US and China,
00:16
where even tea harvesting is becoming automated on a trial basis.
00:20
As for Europe, it has some serious catching up to do
00:23
with what is probably the most important technology of the future.
00:28
French startup Nuke AI develops new solutions for improving efficiency at logistics companies.
00:36
The difference between our AI and other providers is that we involve people.
00:42
We don't need huge amounts of data to be fed into machines.
00:46
Our focus is on human beings working together with machines.
00:51
We use machines to work better.
00:57
France wants to become a leader in AI and has been actively attracting investors.
01:02
The head of Microsoft wants to invest 4 billion euros in a new data center in France,
01:07
which will also provide a boost for a number of new smaller firms.
01:13
Startups in France will benefit from the financial support and advice on offer.
01:21
France is still some way off the industry's leaders
01:24
when it comes to patent applications and investments in AI data centers.
01:30
The French government should focus on what we're good at,
01:33
instead of trying to compete in areas where the US and China have a head start.
01:40
It should support AI technologies that take a different approach to those that are currently on vogue.
01:48
Berlin, Germany's political and AI capital.
01:53
A range of cutting-edge companies have set up operations in the city.
01:57
Among the complex tasks being worked on here at JetBrains, for example,
02:01
instead of reading a 50-page document, you can ask questions and get answers about specific points.
02:07
Part of the problem is we approach these models like we're speaking to another person that can understand us.
02:12
But really they're just sophisticated algorithms that need specific instructions.
02:16
So changes in, say, the wording or the tone can give us drastically different outputs.
02:22
For good results, the AI might need a prompt comprising several pages of text.
02:27
Prompt engineering is a fairly new business with high demand and relatively few machine learning experts.
02:34
And when it comes to salaries, too, Europe is struggling to compete with the US.
02:41
In the United States, salary sites indicate that this job is on average earning about $130,000 a year.
02:47
But many people work with prompting, most notably ML engineers.
02:51
And this job requires a deep knowledge of ML models beyond just prompting.
02:55
So ML engineers are earning on average about $175,000.
03:00
But competition for the best human minds is not everything.
03:04
The focus has really been different.
03:06
So in the United States, the top companies that are producing the top models are there.
03:10
But they're really releasing these models in a proprietary fashion, so you have to pay to use them.
03:14
In China and in Europe, by contrast, a lot of the focus has been on open-source models.
03:19
So releasing models that are free and anyone can use them.
03:22
So interestingly, some of these open-source models are also becoming competitive with those released by the top US AI companies.
03:31
The US is still clearly ahead in AI.
03:34
But some of the multi-billion dollar investments there have failed to pay off.
03:42
After a sluggish start, European companies are now starting to make up ground.
03:48
Meanwhile, China is itself hoping to surpass the US.
03:53
The race to outperform the competition for AI supremacy is not over.
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