Donald Duck Donald Duck E168 Steel & America

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Transcript

00:00Obviously, the ore had to be removed from the ground. So, whether it was found right on the surface or had to be mined, the first step was...

00:08Digging!

00:09Yes, digging.

00:17The ore was often found in more or less inconvenient places, so the next thing to be done was...

00:23Hauling?

00:24That's right, hauling.

00:30The next step, a most important one, was...

00:33Smelting!

00:34That's correct, smelting. Getting the iron out of the ore.

00:39For this, a large furnace, often made of stone, was necessary.

00:43There had to be huge bellows to blast air through and make the fire hotter.

00:47And there also had to be...

00:49Charcoal and limestone!

00:51Correct. Charcoal and limestone.

00:54The charcoal was fuel for the fire.

00:56And while our friend here didn't know it, it also furnished carbon for chemical reactions that helped free the iron in the ore.

01:03The limestone was put in because it could be used as a fuel for the fire.

01:07The charcoal was fuel for the fire.

01:09And while our friend here didn't know it, it also furnished carbon for chemical reactions that helped free the iron in the ore.

01:16The limestone was put in because it soaked up impurities, forming a slag which could be discarded.

01:21The smelting process was begun by dumping layers of ore, limestone and charcoal into the furnace...

01:28Into the furnace!

01:37And while our friend here didn't know it, it also furnished carbon for chemical reactions that helped free the iron in the ore.

01:45The charcoal was put in because it soaked up impurities, forming a slag which could be discarded.

01:51The smelting process was begun by dumping layers of ore, limestone and charcoal into the furnace...

01:57Into the furnace!

01:59And while our friend here didn't know it, it also furnished carbon for chemical reactions that helped free the iron in the ore.

02:06The charcoal was put in because it soaked up impurities, forming a slag which could be discarded.

02:13The smelting process was begun by dumping layers of ore, limestone and charcoal into the furnace.

02:20The charcoal was put in because it soaked up impurities, forming a slag which could be discarded.

02:27The charcoal was put in because it soaked up impurities, forming a slag which could be discarded.

02:34And while our friend here didn't know it, it also furnished carbon for chemical reactions that helped free the iron in the ore.

02:42The charcoal was put in because it soaked up impurities, forming a slag which could be discarded.

02:49The charcoal was put in because it soaked up impurities, forming a slag which could be discarded.

02:56Putting the soft iron in clay pots, adding a certain amount of charcoal or other carbon, and making his fire hot enough to melt the iron.

03:06Getting enough heat was difficult, but this was the secret of the process.

03:11The iron he obtained this way was very special, for it combined the best qualities of the others.

03:17It was even given a special name, steel.

03:22It could be shaped by hand. It was supple and flexible and would not shatter.

03:30Yet it was hard and tough and would stand up under difficult conditions.

03:35But because it could be made only in small quantities, steel was rare and precious, worth its weight.