Myths Adults Should Be Embarrassed to Believe

Bright Side

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Transcript

00:00:00 Check this out.

00:00:01 Water boils faster when you add a bit of salt.

00:00:04 Myth.

00:00:05 It doesn't make any difference, and even if it does, it may take longer for the water

00:00:09 to boil.

00:00:10 But it might make your pasta taste better.

00:00:13 Just sayin'.

00:00:14 Bats are blind.

00:00:16 Not true.

00:00:17 The myth probably comes from the fact that they're nocturnal creatures and have extraordinary

00:00:21 hearing abilities.

00:00:22 They chase mostly when it's dark and rely on a thing called echolocation.

00:00:26 But it doesn't mean they're blind.

00:00:28 Their eyes aren't useless.

00:00:29 They're just adjusted to low light conditions.

00:00:32 A blue whale is so big, its tongue can weigh as much as a big elephant.

00:00:36 True.

00:00:37 Yep, these fellas are huge.

00:00:40 You lose more heat through your head.

00:00:42 Nah.

00:00:43 The real reason why people believe it is because when it's cold, our head is the only part

00:00:47 we're most likely to keep uncovered.

00:00:49 If we went outside wearing just a t-shirt, we'd lose heat through our arms, not to mention

00:00:54 legs, hips, and other parts.

00:00:56 So wear a hat, guys.

00:00:58 Tongue map says we have different parts for different tastes.

00:01:02 Not really.

00:01:03 There are individual taste buds that sense certain flavors more than they do with others,

00:01:07 but it doesn't mean one area can taste sweet better than the other.

00:01:11 Studies showed all mouth areas have taste buds sensitive to all tastes.

00:01:15 Hey, check out this tongue map for the blue whale!

00:01:18 Looks like she's partial to plankton.

00:01:21 Dinosaurs were giant.

00:01:22 Well, that's false.

00:01:23 Movies show them as huge scaly losers, but nope.

00:01:27 First off, there were many smaller dinosaur species, and some of them were as small as

00:01:31 a turkey or a pigeon.

00:01:33 Plus, some dinos, like T-Rex, were even covered with feathers, especially at the early stages

00:01:38 of their lives.

00:01:40 Oxygen is colorless.

00:01:41 Partially true.

00:01:42 In gas form, it has no color, but in solid or liquid form, it has a sky-blue shade.

00:01:48 Chameleons change color because they want to match their surroundings.

00:01:51 Myth.

00:01:52 That would probably be a very tiring thing to do.

00:01:55 In reality, some other things, like mood, temperature, or the amount of light they get

00:01:59 affect their color.

00:02:01 When chameleons relax and stretch cells, crystals that are inside of them are affected by the

00:02:05 light.

00:02:06 These animals use crystals to communicate with each other.

00:02:09 So, for example, darker shades show that they're not in such a good mood.

00:02:13 It's more like they kinda feel aggressive.

00:02:15 So I think I'll back off here.

00:02:18 Neanderthals aren't our ancestors either, even though they lived with modern humans

00:02:22 at the same time at one point, but mostly in different areas of our planet.

00:02:27 So they're not just a stage of human development, but a different lineage.

00:02:31 They were also pretty creative.

00:02:32 They used fire, made tools, ate medicinal plants, cleaned their teeth, and so many more

00:02:37 things similar to our species.

00:02:40 Neanderthals probably went extinct because of harsh climate changes.

00:02:44 Turkeys can blush.

00:02:45 That one is true.

00:02:46 They're just like us when it comes to this.

00:02:49 When angry, excited, or even feeling bad, the skin on their necks and heads turns red.

00:02:54 Just like my big brother.

00:02:56 Black holes are not really holes, as the name may imply.

00:03:00 They are very dense objects with an extremely strong gravitational pull.

00:03:04 Flamingos are such cool animals.

00:03:07 True.

00:03:08 They bend their legs at the knee.

00:03:09 Myth.

00:03:10 They actually bend them at the ankles, since the knees are closer to the body as well as

00:03:14 covered in feathers.

00:03:16 Supermarket apples are fresh.

00:03:19 Maybe yes, but maybe not.

00:03:21 They can be up to 1 year old, since they're often picked between August and November.

00:03:26 After that, they're covered in wax and dried in hot air.

00:03:29 Finally, they're sent into cold storage, and after 6 to 12 months, we see them on the

00:03:34 supermarket shelves.

00:03:36 Bottled water has an expiration date.

00:03:38 True.

00:03:39 But that doesn't mean the water is the thing that expires.

00:03:42 The bottle does.

00:03:43 The plastic starts to leak into the water, and some unwanted chemicals appear.

00:03:48 The tea bag wasn't actually planned.

00:03:50 True.

00:03:51 In the early 20th century, Thomas Sullivan filled small silken bags with samples of tea

00:03:56 leaves and sent them to his customers.

00:03:58 The idea was to open them and toss tea leaves in the hot water.

00:04:02 Many customers thought they were supposed to put those bags into the teapot without

00:04:05 opening them.

00:04:07 The tea bag went through some improvements, got string and a paper tag at the end, and

00:04:11 the new unplanned invention was ready.

00:04:14 Lightning will never strike the same spot twice.

00:04:17 True.

00:04:18 The Empire State Building was once struck 8 times in only 24 minutes.

00:04:22 There was a terrible storm, and nothing could or can generally keep lightning away from

00:04:26 the place that got hit.

00:04:27 If a struck place has features that attracted the lightning in the first place, like terrain

00:04:32 shape, standing water, or height, it may attract it once again.

00:04:36 You have so much DNA in your body that you can actually stretch it from the Sun to Pluto

00:04:40 and back.

00:04:41 True.

00:04:42 And not just once, 17 times!

00:04:45 Of course, you're not going to look the same after you do that.

00:04:50 Crocodiles are one of the oldest species in the world.

00:04:52 Yup.

00:04:53 They have been around for 200 million years already.

00:04:56 Like my neighbors down the street.

00:04:59 Opossums sleep while hanging by their tails.

00:05:01 You can see that in cartoons and some photos, but in general, they don't.

00:05:05 Their tails are really strong, so these animals can grip branches and hold their weight, but

00:05:10 only for short periods.

00:05:12 Salamanders are really too heavy to stay in this position for too long, so they wouldn't

00:05:15 get much rest.

00:05:18 Goldfish have a 3-second-long memory.

00:05:20 Nope.

00:05:21 Those colorful fish are actually really smart.

00:05:24 One study showed goldfish could tell the difference between two classical songs.

00:05:28 They're not quick learners, true.

00:05:30 But after over 100 sessions, they did it, which wouldn't be possible if their memory

00:05:34 could really last only for 3 seconds.

00:05:38 One type of salamander…

00:05:39 You can read that on your own.

00:05:40 Go ahead.

00:05:41 It can extend its tongue over half of its body length in only 7 milliseconds.

00:05:46 True.

00:05:47 That's 50 times faster than a blink of an eye.

00:05:49 Gotta be fast to catch that tongue man.

00:05:53 People can multitask.

00:05:54 Not true.

00:05:55 Checking emails, talking on the phone, cooking…

00:05:58 It seems like doing several things at the same time saves time, but research shows multitasking

00:06:03 is not quite possible.

00:06:05 Our brain is wired to do one thing at a time.

00:06:08 So when we think we're multitasking, it's actually switching tasks, which can take even

00:06:12 longer rather than saving us some time.

00:06:15 As well as whittling down our attention spans.

00:06:18 Earth is not the only planet with water.

00:06:21 NASA discovered Jupiter had an ocean with twice as much water as we have on our planet.

00:06:26 It's right under a layer of ice.

00:06:28 Even Mars has some liquid water flowing.

00:06:31 Also, the Earth is round.

00:06:33 Or is it?

00:06:34 Technically, it has flattened poles, together with a bulge at the equator.

00:06:38 That way, it has an irregular shape of an ellipsoid.

00:06:42 Zombies are not made up.

00:06:44 True.

00:06:45 Okay, humans can't turn into ones as we see in movies.

00:06:48 But the animal kingdom has its zombies.

00:06:51 For instance, there's a type of fungus that takes over ants, spreading specific chemicals

00:06:55 in their brains.

00:06:56 That makes an ant leave its family, looking for the place where this fungus wants to live.

00:07:01 The world's biggest waterfall is under the ocean.

00:07:04 Oh, very true!

00:07:05 It's in the Nordic seas.

00:07:07 The cold seawater is denser than the warm waterfall.

00:07:10 The drop is almost 2 miles long.

00:07:14 The smallest wasp in the world is not bigger than an amoeba.

00:07:17 True.

00:07:18 This wasp has the same body parts as other bugs, like eyes, wings, brain, legs, and more.

00:07:23 But it's just 0.008 inches long, which, in most cases, makes it smaller than one-celled

00:07:29 organisms we also know as amoebas.

00:07:33 Snow can only be white.

00:07:34 Not true.

00:07:35 And I'm not talking about the snow near fire hydrants.

00:07:39 For example, there are some mountains with pink snow, like the Sierra Nevada in California.

00:07:44 Its color is caused by a certain type of algae living there.

00:07:48 Aurora borealis has a sister.

00:07:50 True.

00:07:51 It's called Aurora australis, and you can see it in the Southern Hemisphere.

00:07:55 The best time to see it is in winter.

00:07:58 Over 99% of atoms is empty space.

00:08:01 True.

00:08:02 If we collected all the people in the world together and removed all the empty space between

00:08:07 the atoms out of them, the population of Earth would fit into the size of an average orange.

00:08:12 I think we should try that.

00:08:14 Then I could finally get a seat on the bus.

00:08:17 Dolphins communicate and call each other by names.

00:08:20 True.

00:08:21 They use specific vocal whistles to identify each other.

00:08:24 So long and thanks for all the fish!

00:08:27 The toilet flushes in different directions when on different hemispheres.

00:08:31 Nope.

00:08:32 The direction is the same whether the toilet is in Australia or France.

00:08:36 Really.

00:08:38 A snail can have a pretty extended nap.

00:08:40 True.

00:08:41 Some snails can sleep for around 3 years in a row.

00:08:45 Sharks smell just one tiny drop of blood from miles away.

00:08:49 Not quite.

00:08:50 Sure, their brain region in charge of smelling odors is enlarged, but the ocean is really

00:08:55 big.

00:08:56 It takes time for odor molecules to spread in liquid.

00:08:59 On a pretty good day with favorable currents, a shark may smell the prey from a distance

00:09:03 of a couple of football fields away, but not miles.

00:09:07 Finally, penguins propose to their significant other.

00:09:10 True.

00:09:11 They're monogamous, and after choosing a mate, the male gives the female a pebble to

00:09:16 show his affection.

00:09:19 Check this out!

00:09:20 Each zebra has its own unique pattern of stripes, just as people have their own unique fingerprints.

00:09:26 Is it just a myth, or is it the truth?

00:09:29 What do you think?

00:09:31 It's true.

00:09:34 Stripes on each zebra form a unique pattern, so it's impossible to find two zebras that

00:09:38 are exactly the same.

00:09:40 The stylish black and white pattern serves as an optical illusion to confuse and scare

00:09:45 away their key enemies – predators and annoying insects such as tsetse flies or horse flies.

00:09:51 Zebras are probably aware of how fabulous they are because they take time to groom one

00:09:55 another.

00:09:56 So, if you ever see two zebras standing close to one another, they aren't biting each other,

00:10:01 it's a friendly beauty routine.

00:10:03 Unlike humans, zebras can't scratch themselves on their own that easily, so they're just

00:10:07 pulling loose hairs off each other.

00:10:10 I do that.

00:10:11 Although zebras live in herds, they usually create smaller family groups – a male, several

00:10:16 females, and their offspring.

00:10:18 And each member of that group is unique when it comes to their stripe patterns.

00:10:25 All bats are blind.

00:10:30 Would you buy it?

00:10:31 Nah, it's just a myth.

00:10:34 Being blind as a bat is a figure of speech, and it comes from the assumption that bats

00:10:38 cannot see properly.

00:10:40 In ancient times, also known as before the 21st century, people used to think that bats

00:10:45 were blind, judging these charismatic creatures by their weird flight patterns.

00:10:50 Many bats do use echolocation to navigate, but still, all of them can't see.

00:10:57 Here comes the next one.

00:10:59 Lobsters are monogamous and stay together for a lifetime.

00:11:03 True or false, what do you say?

00:11:06 Well, sorry to spoil the romance, but it's just a myth made popular by a famous TV show.

00:11:13 In real life, lobsters aren't monogamous at all.

00:11:16 Dominant male lobsters mate with several females.

00:11:20 And then, one by one, they vanish, only to reappear on a restaurant table with melted

00:11:25 butter.

00:11:26 Mmm.

00:11:27 No worries, the animal kingdom still has some hopeless romantics that remain faithful to

00:11:31 their mates throughout their lives.

00:11:33 Swans, grey wolves, beavers, bald eagles, gibbons, to name a few.

00:11:38 You can get warts from handling frogs or toads.

00:11:41 What do you think about this rumor?

00:11:44 It's an old myth, probably related to the fact that both toads and frogs have bumps

00:11:51 on their skin.

00:11:52 Visually, these bumps remind of warts, but they're just glands that never secrete any

00:11:57 substances that could cause humans to get warts.

00:12:00 There are no amphibians that can give you warts, but shaking hands with another human

00:12:04 who has them can.

00:12:08 Moving on, turtles live inside their shells, and they can go outdoors anytime.

00:12:13 Is it true or false?

00:12:15 It's a myth.

00:12:19 Those fairy tale and cartoon turtles pop out of their shells whenever they like.

00:12:23 But in fact, saying that turtles live inside their shells is like saying that people live

00:12:28 inside their own skin.

00:12:29 A shell isn't just a separate empty space that serves as a costume.

00:12:34 Although turtles can tuck their limbs inside for protection, it's actually an integral

00:12:38 part of the turtle's anatomy.

00:12:40 Take a look at the actual structure of its skeleton.

00:12:43 The shell is fused to the bones of the skeleton, and the turtle can't live without it.

00:12:48 The same goes for tortoises.

00:12:49 One major key difference between turtles and tortoises is that tortoises spend most of

00:12:54 their time on land, while turtles are designed to hang out in the water.

00:12:58 That's why turtles have thinner and more water-dynamic shells, and tortoises' shells

00:13:03 are more rounded and domed.

00:13:05 Next, koalas' fingerprints are indistinguishable from humans'.

00:13:10 Does this sound realistic?

00:13:15 Although it definitely sounds like it's made up, in fact, it's true.

00:13:19 If you compare a human fingerprint to a koala's, you'd hardly be able to tell the difference

00:13:23 even under a microscope.

00:13:25 When scientists made this discovery, they warned the police because these fluffy little

00:13:29 cuties are really capable of confusing forensics at crime scenes.

00:13:34 The smart guys supposed that the koalas' fingertip features have recently improved independently

00:13:39 in their evolutionary history.

00:13:41 Koalas' relatives like kangaroos and wombats don't have the same features.

00:13:46 Koalas probably developed these complicated fingerprints because they help them grip onto

00:13:50 leaves and branches more easily.

00:13:52 Koalas are known as super-fussy eaters.

00:13:55 In fact, they prefer eucalyptus leaves of a particular age.

00:13:59 Their sensitive fingers may have evolved as a tool to spot out the right leaves by their

00:14:03 texture.

00:14:04 Koalas aren't the only mammals with human-like fingerprints, by the way.

00:14:08 Finger patterns of chimps and gorillas are also pretty complex.

00:14:12 Ready to move on to the next rumor?

00:14:15 Ostriches put their heads in the sand to hide from predators.

00:14:18 Myth or true, what do you say?

00:14:20 Nah, that's just a myth.

00:14:23 Ostriches don't stick their heads in the sand when threatened.

00:14:26 In fact, these guys don't bury their heads whatsoever.

00:14:29 This myth has spread, thanks to that famous idiom, to hide one's head in the sand.

00:14:34 In real life, ostriches have to dig holes in the sand for their eggs because they're

00:14:38 flightless birds.

00:14:40 To make sure they're evenly heated, ostriches put their heads in there to rotate the eggs

00:14:44 from time to time.

00:14:46 But ostriches still have some escaping mentality.

00:14:48 When they face some threat, they can flop to the sand and stay perfectly still, pretending

00:14:53 they aren't alive.

00:14:55 Goldfish can't remember anything for longer than a second.

00:14:59 Can it really be that bad?

00:15:04 If you often say you have a goldfish memory as an excuse for forgetting something important,

00:15:09 I have some bad news for you.

00:15:11 Multiple studies have proven that goldfish can remember things for several months, if

00:15:15 not more.

00:15:17 Scientists from an Israeli university held the cutest experiment.

00:15:20 For one month, they turned on classical music while feeding the fish.

00:15:24 They believed that this practice would teach the fish to associate the melody with food.

00:15:29 In five months, after the end of that training period, the fish still got excited and started

00:15:34 looking for food every time they heard the music piece that it played earlier.

00:15:37 "Ah, Mozart!

00:15:39 Hey, where's my food?"

00:15:41 It's not clear exactly where this myth came from or why it's so popular, but some people

00:15:46 suggest that goldfish owners started it as they felt guilty about keeping their pets

00:15:51 in tiny bowls.

00:15:53 Cats and dogs are colorblind.

00:15:55 Any thoughts on this one?

00:15:57 Well, that's not true.

00:16:02 Cats and dogs have much better color vision than we thought.

00:16:05 This myth is probably just an exaggeration of the fact that each animal perceives colors

00:16:10 differently than people.

00:16:12 Studies reveal that both cats and dogs can see in green and blue.

00:16:16 They also have more light-sensing cells in their eyes, also known as rods, than humans

00:16:20 do.

00:16:21 This means that cats and dogs can see way better in low light spaces.

00:16:26 Dogs' eyes have fewer cones, those color-sensing cells.

00:16:29 That's why scientists believe that dogs' approximate color vision is only about one-seventh as

00:16:34 vibrant as humans'.

00:16:37 Sharks can only breathe and stay alive when they swim.

00:16:40 Does this one sound real to you?

00:16:47 According to a popular misbelief, sharks can breathe only while moving because swimming

00:16:52 helps them push water over their gills.

00:16:55 Although many kinds of sharks are designed this way, many others, like bottom-dwelling

00:16:59 nurse sharks, don't need swimming to pump oxygen-rich water over their gills.

00:17:04 Meanwhile, all sharks do lack swim bladders, so if they stop swimming, they'll probably

00:17:09 sink to the bottom.

00:17:11 But luckily, a shark's body can't be compressed.

00:17:14 That's why rapid descents or ascents are safe for them.

00:17:18 Sea otters hold hands so they don't drift apart while sleeping.

00:17:22 Can you believe that?

00:17:24 Yep, it's true.

00:17:27 You can keep awing at it, but in fact, this way of sleeping has a practical purpose for

00:17:33 them.

00:17:34 Scientists suggest that sea otters develop this cute habit to stay close with their mating

00:17:38 partners.

00:17:39 If you hold your otter girlfriend's hand tightly all night, it will reduce the risk

00:17:43 of her mating with another male while you're sleeping.

00:17:47 Shameless!

00:17:48 Also, holding hands helps otters to protect themselves from predators because they stay

00:17:52 away from the land altogether.

00:17:55 If a human touches a bird nestling, its mother will abandon it.

00:17:59 Myth or truth, what do you think?

00:18:02 Luckily, it's just a myth.

00:18:06 In fact, parent birds don't recognize their younglings by smell.

00:18:09 So feel free to put the cuties back in the nest.

00:18:13 And always hang on to your otter girlfriend so you won't get eaten.

00:18:18 Good advice!

00:18:23 Water doesn't, in fact, conduct electricity well.

00:18:26 But it's only true about distilled or pure water.

00:18:29 People can get an electric shock while being in electrified water.

00:18:33 But that's because pure water doesn't exist in nature.

00:18:36 It usually contains dirt, minerals, sand, and other stuff great at conducting electricity.

00:18:43 The vacuum of space is not always cold.

00:18:47 It depends on where you measure its temperature.

00:18:50 If it's a totally freezing part of our universe, the vacuum of space can get as cold as -454

00:18:57 degrees.

00:18:58 But if you travel closer to the Sun, your thermometer will show a boiling 250 degrees.

00:19:04 By the way, it's the reason why astronauts wear white spacesuits.

00:19:09 They reflect sunlight and don't let people inside get too hot.

00:19:12 There's a misconception that mustard seeds are the tiniest ones out there.

00:19:18 But in reality, there are smaller seeds, for example, those of watermelon, poppy, or duckweed.

00:19:24 And the tiniest seed on record is that of the orchid.

00:19:28 You can relax, coffee doesn't make you dehydrated.

00:19:31 This drink does have a slight diuretic effect, but scientists haven't found any evidence

00:19:36 that coffee drinkers have a higher risk of dehydration than, let's say, tea drinkers.

00:19:42 Now elephants aren't afraid of mice, per se.

00:19:46 But these massive animals have bad vision.

00:19:49 They also move fairly slowly.

00:19:51 That's why they can get startled by a bird or a small creature, like a mouse, darting

00:19:55 past them.

00:19:57 Just the element of surprise, nothing more.

00:20:00 Brown bread might not be healthier than white one.

00:20:03 The loaf you've bought can be brown, but it doesn't automatically mean it's 100% whole

00:20:09 wheat.

00:20:10 If you want to buy a healthy and nutritious product, always read labels and check what

00:20:14 the main ingredients are.

00:20:16 It should be whole wheat or wholemeal flour.

00:20:20 Most people are sure there are just 3 states of matter – solid, liquid, and gas.

00:20:25 I am an expert in gas.

00:20:27 But people tend to forget about plasma.

00:20:30 Unlike what we see in sci-fi movies, plasma isn't some goo or gel-like substance.

00:20:35 It's rather superheated electrons and ions, often called ionized gas.

00:20:41 Almost any element can turn into plasma if you heat it enough.

00:20:45 But then, its molecules will break down, and it won't be the same element anymore.

00:20:50 For example, if you want to turn water into plasma, it'll no longer be H2O.

00:20:55 And you won't want to drink it, that's for sure.

00:20:59 There's almost no difference between how fast salty water and pure water will boil.

00:21:05 The temperature of salt water will get higher faster, it's true.

00:21:08 But salty water also has a higher boiling point.

00:21:12 Plus, when you add salt to the same volume of water, its mass becomes greater, and it

00:21:17 takes longer for it to boil.

00:21:20 Bananas do not grow on trees.

00:21:22 The banana tree might get as large as a real tree – up to 25 feet – but it's a plant,

00:21:27 the world's largest perennial herb.

00:21:30 This plant doesn't have any woody fibers and can't be considered a tree.

00:21:34 It also has massive stalks and leaves, but no trunk and branches.

00:21:39 There's a misconception that diamonds come from coal, but in reality, they're compressed

00:21:46 carbon that gets heated at more than 90 miles below the surface of our planet.

00:21:50 As for coal, it's found a mere 2 miles down.

00:21:54 Georgia is known as the "Peach State," but it's California that grows the largest

00:21:59 number of peaches in the US.

00:22:01 For example, in 2017, this state produced more than 540,000 tons of peaches, while Georgia

00:22:08 isn't even in the top 3 producers.

00:22:11 Isn't that peachy?

00:22:14 Some people believe that duck quacks don't echo.

00:22:16 It's not so.

00:22:18 All sounds ducks make, including squeaks, honks, or yelps, create sound waves that bounce

00:22:24 off a hard surface, producing an echo.

00:22:26 The myth itself appeared because of the landscape of the ponds where most ducks live.

00:22:31 The area is usually flat, and there's nothing for the sound waves to get reflected by.

00:22:36 Even with hills or mountains around, though, the sounds ducks make would be too faint to

00:22:41 create a loud echo.

00:22:43 But this can refer to any sound.

00:22:46 There are tons of diets that encourage you to cut carbs from your meals.

00:22:50 But this food group is your body's main source of energy.

00:22:53 It's also not always fattening.

00:22:56 Everything depends on how much of carbohydrates you consume.

00:22:59 Eating too much of them will, of course, lead to weight gain.

00:23:03 But instead of avoiding carbs altogether, you can focus on eating their healthy variations.

00:23:08 They can be beans, lentils, corn, cereals, wholemeal bread, and so on.

00:23:15 Your pooch does not see the world in black and white.

00:23:20 Scientists claim that dogs' vision isn't the same as people have, and they don't

00:23:23 see all the hues you do.

00:23:25 But still, they can distinguish between colors.

00:23:29 Some people wear hats in the winter only because they believe that 90% of their body heat escapes

00:23:35 through their heads.

00:23:36 But you only lose about 10% of your body heat there.

00:23:39 That's not more than what you'd lose through another uncovered part of your body.

00:23:44 For example, your ankles, neck, or hands.

00:23:48 The Bermuda Triangle is believed to be a harrowing patch of the ocean.

00:23:53 Sailors and pilots are prone to lose contact with the rest of the world and disappear there

00:23:58 for good.

00:23:59 But that's not just an intriguing legend.

00:24:01 The truth is that the Bermuda Triangle does not have any more shipwrecks or mysterious

00:24:06 disappearances than other waterways.

00:24:10 An apple a day will not keep doctors away.

00:24:13 They will still call to confirm your appointment.

00:24:16 An apple is a wonderful fruit, packed with fiber and vitamin C. It's also true that

00:24:21 both these components are crucial for your long-term health.

00:24:24 But they aren't the only ones you need.

00:24:26 Plus, if certain bacteria or viruses enter your system, apples won't help you, no matter

00:24:32 how many you eat.

00:24:35 The Great Wall of China isn't the only human-made structure visible from space.

00:24:40 If you're 180 miles above the surface, it's very distinguishable.

00:24:44 But from up there, you can also see highways, bridges, dams, airports, and other huge constructions.

00:24:51 And if you go further to space, you'll only see the wall in radar images, not with the

00:24:55 unaided eye.

00:24:58 Sign language isn't universal.

00:25:00 In different countries and regions, there are different variations.

00:25:04 For example, in the US, people use ASL, which stands for American Sign Language.

00:25:10 It's based on a one-handed finger-spelling alphabet.

00:25:13 And in the UK, they have BSL, British Sign Language.

00:25:17 It uses a two-handed alphabet.

00:25:21 It's a popular belief that organic food is more nutritious and pesticide-free.

00:25:26 But in reality, there are pesticides approved for use in organic farming.

00:25:32 They're naturally derived, but sometimes just as harmful to the environment as their

00:25:36 synthetic analogues.

00:25:38 On the other hand, the amount of chemicals on both organic and non-organic foods is so

00:25:43 low that it's safe to eat both kinds.

00:25:46 And no study has proved that organic products are more nutritious either.

00:25:52 Lightning can actually strike the same place twice or at least hit very close to the first

00:25:57 spot.

00:25:58 Which means that it's extremely unsafe to try to escape danger by hiding in the spot

00:26:03 struck by a lightning bolt.

00:26:05 Avoid shelter, do not touch anything metal or electrical, and stay away from windows.

00:26:10 So you probably think it's sugar that causes your headaches.

00:26:14 But in reality, the culprit may be a fast drop in your blood sugar levels.

00:26:19 In some people, a meal heavy in carbohydrates leads to excess production of the hormone

00:26:24 insulin, glucose levels drop, and a person develops a headache.

00:26:30 Natural sugars like honey are believed to be better than processed sugar.

00:26:34 But scientists are sure that the biological effect of corn syrup that is high in fructose

00:26:39 is almost the same as that of honey.

00:26:42 The only problem is that candies and other sweet things contain more sugar per serving.

00:26:47 And this also means more calories.

00:26:51 Eating ice cream isn't likely to make your cold worse.

00:26:54 That's a relief.

00:26:56 Some people believe that dairy products increase mucus production, but experts claim it's

00:27:01 not true.

00:27:03 On the contrary, frozen dairy foods can soothe a sore throat.

00:27:08 Plus ice cream can provide you with calories you wouldn't eat otherwise.

00:27:15 Tons of people believe that toilet seats are swarming with germs.

00:27:19 It's true that bathrooms aren't the most sanitary places.

00:27:23 But toilet seats are cleaner than, let's say, our cell phones.

00:27:27 Yeah!

00:27:28 Since toilets are often washed and disinfected, there are statistically 10 times fewer germs

00:27:34 on them than on our most used gadgets.

00:27:37 EGAD!

00:27:38 It's common knowledge that people have 5 empirical senses – sound, touch, sight,

00:27:44 taste, and smell.

00:27:46 But it's not exactly true.

00:27:48 There are at least 4 additional senses you have.

00:27:51 That makes sense.

00:27:52 You also have the sense of your orientation in space, the sense of temperature, the sense

00:27:57 of balance, and the sense of your physiological condition.

00:28:02 Your muscles will not cramp if you swim right after having a meal.

00:28:07 Your body will require additional blood to digest all this food.

00:28:11 But it won't be enough to stop the muscles in your legs and arms from working in the

00:28:15 way they should.

00:28:17 People use much more than 10% of their brain.

00:28:20 Your brain is busy all day and all night.

00:28:23 It needs about 20% of your body's resources and never, ever turns off completely.

00:28:29 Each part of your brain performs its own function even when you aren't paying attention.

00:28:34 White eggs are no less healthy than brown ones.

00:28:37 The color of an egg's shell depends on the kind of chicken that laid it.

00:28:41 The nutritional value of the egg has much to do with what the hen has been eating.

00:28:46 A mother bird will never reject its little one, even if it has been touched by a human.

00:28:52 Almost all birds have a poor sense of smell.

00:28:54 That's why the birds simply won't know the difference.

00:28:58 You don't have to struggle to gulp down 8 glasses of water every day.

00:29:02 The volume of water you need depends on different factors.

00:29:06 Among them, your overall health, the levels of your activity, and the region where you

00:29:10 live.

00:29:11 It's not the Moon's gravity that causes the tides.

00:29:15 Earth's natural satellite does pull on the water in the oceans, but this tug is more

00:29:20 than 100 million times weaker than the gravitational pull of our planet.

00:29:25 What creates the tidal force is the gravity interplay between the Earth, Moon, and the

00:29:30 Sun.

00:29:31 Plus, it's more of a push than a pull.

00:29:33 There's a misconception that carbonated water doesn't hydrate you as well as flat

00:29:38 one.

00:29:39 Many studies prove this fact wrong.

00:29:42 For example, the participants of one of them kept cycling until they sweated off 4% of

00:29:47 their body weight.

00:29:48 Then they immediately had a drink.

00:29:50 First time, it was flat water.

00:29:53 Second time, they drank carbonated water.

00:29:55 Then they were given sugar water.

00:29:57 And after that, it was carbonated sugar water.

00:30:01 It turns out carbonation didn't make any difference in how effectively the participants

00:30:05 got rehydrated.

00:30:08 Everest is considered to be the tallest mountain on Earth.

00:30:12 But it's only true if we speak about its height above sea level.

00:30:16 If we take a base to summit height, the tallest peak on the planet is Mauna Kea on the Hawaiian

00:30:21 Islands.

00:30:22 Everest rises to 29,035 feet above sea level.

00:30:27 For Mauna Kea, this number is a mere 13,800 feet.

00:30:31 But it also extends 19,700 feet below the Pacific Ocean, which means that a larger part

00:30:38 of it is submerged, and the mountain's total height is 33,500 feet.

00:30:43 That's nearly a mile taller than Everest!

00:30:47 The chameleon can change its color.

00:30:50 But this creature does it not to camouflage itself.

00:30:53 It can't even spell camouflage.

00:30:54 Hey, neither can I.

00:30:56 The color change helps the animal regulate its temperature and communicate with peers.

00:31:03 It's not the temperature that defines deserts.

00:31:05 It's a lack of precipitation.

00:31:08 Most well-known deserts are hot, it's true.

00:31:11 But some of them are freezing cold.

00:31:13 They're called polar deserts.

00:31:15 You can find them in Greenland and Antarctica.

00:31:19 Right-brained people are analytical, and those who are left-brained are creative.

00:31:24 Or at least, that's what most of us think.

00:31:27 It is true that different hemispheres of your brain are more engaged in certain tasks.

00:31:32 For example, your left hemisphere is in charge of languages.

00:31:35 But no study has ever found out that people can have right- or left-brain dominance.

00:31:42 When most dogs pant, their tongues hang out of their mouths.

00:31:45 That's why many people think that's how they sweat.

00:31:48 In reality, dog sweat glands are located on their paw pads.

00:31:52 Plus, there are other sweat glands all over their bodies.

00:31:56 Dogs pant to evaporate moisture from their nasal passages, tongues, and the lining of

00:32:01 their lungs.

00:32:02 This also helps them to cool down.

00:32:05 Giraffes sleep much more than 30 minutes a day, but probably not as much as you do.

00:32:10 Their sleeping pattern is quite typical.

00:32:13 After researchers monitored a herd of giraffes, they found out they slept at night and took

00:32:18 short naps in the afternoon.

00:32:20 In total, each giraffe had around 5 hours of sleep every day.

00:32:25 When you call someone using your cell phone, the signal doesn't go through a satellite.

00:32:30 Your device is constantly looking for wireless radio signals.

00:32:34 Then it transmits data to and from land-based cellular towers.

00:32:38 Let's say you call your friend.

00:32:40 Then the nearest tower connects you to another cell through a huge network of tower-to-tower

00:32:45 connections.

00:32:46 There's a myth that your blood will turn blue if it runs out of oxygen.

00:32:51 But this misconception is based on an optical illusion.

00:32:55 Blood might look blue because you see it through layers of tissue, which makes it appear to

00:32:59 be a different color.

00:33:03 Not all comets have tails.

00:33:05 It depends on a comet's location.

00:33:07 If it's somewhere far away from a star, it'll look like a small frozen chunk of

00:33:11 ice and rock.

00:33:13 But once it approaches a star, the ice starts scattering away because of the solar radiation.

00:33:19 This looks like a tail.

00:33:21 Sometimes a comet's tail is too faint for you to see.

00:33:25 It's impossible to see millions of stars, even on the clearest night or when you're

00:33:30 far away from any sources of light.

00:33:33 The highest number you can spot if you're lucky and have good eyesight is around 3,000.

00:33:38 These stars are the ones that are closest to our planet and bright enough.

00:33:43 Most of the luminous objects you see in the sky are artificial satellites, planets, and

00:33:47 distant galaxies.

00:33:51 People can grow new brain cells.

00:33:53 You don't start life with the same set of brain cells you'll ever have.

00:33:57 There's a lot of proof that your brain keeps producing new cells, even when you're a

00:34:01 grown-up.

00:34:02 At least this process goes on in certain regions of your brain.

00:34:05 Hey, doesn't that give you hope?

00:34:08 You might leave wasps alone, but don't be so sure they'll do the same.

00:34:13 Bees do respect human boundaries, and if you bother them, they won't hurt you.

00:34:18 But wasps are so bad-tempered they can sting you even if you're just walking by their

00:34:23 nest.

00:34:25 The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter isn't a region of randomly floating and

00:34:30 constantly colliding large rocks.

00:34:32 If you ever found yourself there, you'd see how empty and calm it is.

00:34:37 The asteroids are so far apart from each other that the chances of collision are laughably

00:34:42 small.

00:34:43 Ha ha!

00:34:44 If you were traveling by a spaceship, its radar would easily detect asteroids and help

00:34:49 you avoid them.

00:34:51 Honey can actually spoil if you leave it uncovered in a humid environment.

00:34:56 Make sure to always keep the lid on the product and don't let any water get inside.

00:35:01 Then your honey will be edible for a really, really long time.

00:35:05 Its antibacterial properties won't let any organisms grow in there.

00:35:11 The Moon doesn't really have a dark side.

00:35:13 Our natural satellite is tidally locked with Earth.

00:35:17 That's why we always see just one side of it.

00:35:19 The Sun, the Moon, and our planet are all constantly moving.

00:35:23 Sometimes that one side of the Moon that's always visible to us is brightly lit.

00:35:28 Then the far side is dark.

00:35:30 And vice versa.

00:35:31 Hey, I hope you found this illuminating!

00:35:37 At some earlier stages of research, scientists reconstructed the megalodon looking like a

00:35:42 bigger, just a little more dangerous, version of a great white shark.

00:35:47 Movies then followed suit, added a couple of details on their own, and ta-da!

00:35:52 We've got a marine giant that could grow up to 90 feet long!

00:35:56 Well, hold on, hold on.

00:35:59 Megalodons were usually between 50 and 55 feet, sometimes growing up to 60 feet.

00:36:04 For comparison, a bowling lane is 60 feet long, a school bus is around 45 feet, and

00:36:10 an average person is 5 feet 10 inches tall.

00:36:13 So yeah, not bad, megalodon, but still not 90 feet.

00:36:18 Its weight was around 50 to 60 tons, which is something like 10 adult elephants or even

00:36:23 a Boeing 737.

00:36:25 That's just their females, though.

00:36:27 The ladies were almost twice as big as the males.

00:36:31 Another movie vs. reality thing, the megalodon had nothing to do with a great white shark.

00:36:37 The closest they could be is cousins, because megalodon, in fact, is the last descendant

00:36:43 of a completely different lineage of sharks.

00:36:46 Plus, its kind is around 3 times bigger than an average great white.

00:36:51 It has a shorter nose and a much flatter jaw that almost looks like it's squashed.

00:36:56 Also Meg's pectoral fins are longer than those of the great white sharks.

00:37:01 Ancient predators ate a lot, so they needed something to support their weight.

00:37:05 They both had an excellent sense of smell, though, so even in prehistoric times, it wasn't

00:37:11 a good idea to go swimming with a chunk of raw meat in hand.

00:37:15 And it certainly isn't safe now.

00:37:17 Whether the Meg's hiding somewhere in the depths, which some still believe is true,

00:37:21 or it's gone forever, younger cousins will be there waiting.

00:37:26 Also, both of them like to go after big marine mammals, so they would certainly have things

00:37:32 to do together.

00:37:33 That is, until the Meg got moody and accidentally ate its friend.

00:37:38 You never know.

00:37:40 These guys had a different hunting style.

00:37:43 Great whites prefer to dive straight toward their prey and find the softest spots, like

00:37:48 exposed legs or underbelly.

00:37:51 Megalodon aimed for the fins and tail.

00:37:53 Because of its almost 10-foot jaws and what's considered to be the strongest bite ever,

00:37:58 its teeth could pierce almost anything.

00:38:02 Sometimes an entire tooth would be found embedded in the bone of some bigger animal, such as

00:38:07 a whale.

00:38:08 Without the main parts they used for swimming, poor sea animals were then helpless and unable

00:38:13 to escape.

00:38:15 Yet whales were just a smaller part of the Megalodon's diet.

00:38:19 Seals, sea cows, squids, dolphins, other sharks… the good old Meg probably wouldn't say no

00:38:25 to some random school of smaller fish swimming into its mouth either.

00:38:30 Nothing better than a good snack after a big tasty dinner.

00:38:35 Even those giant turtles weren't safe within their thick shells.

00:38:38 The Meg probably took those as a dare challenge on a daily basis.

00:38:43 Due to diverse diet and in big amounts, Megalodon would eat about 2,500 pounds of food every

00:38:50 day.

00:38:51 No wonder it dominated the ocean!

00:38:54 Almost 300 teeth in 5 rows, and we're talking about sharp chompers that could grow up to

00:39:00 7 inches long.

00:39:01 Even its name stands for "giant tooth."

00:39:03 Hey, I'm thinking maybe it had a cousin, Orthodontia, which means either crooked teeth

00:39:09 or deep pockets.

00:39:12 Still, Megalodon would change thousands of teeth over a lifetime.

00:39:16 Since Meg's teeth weren't that strong, they would often fall out.

00:39:20 Then it would get new ones within 1-2 days, so it could continue its hunting sessions

00:39:25 without any serious interruptions.

00:39:28 The same thing happens with modern sharks as well.

00:39:31 New teeth replace damaged or worn-out ones.

00:39:35 Those teeth falling out were the only thing that helped scientists do any research on

00:39:39 the Megalodon at all.

00:39:41 They found them all around the world.

00:39:43 Yep, Megalodons were quite some travelers.

00:39:46 They lived in all oceans, and their fossils were found on all continents except Antarctica.

00:39:52 Why, too cold?

00:39:54 Since their skeletons were not made of bone but of cartilage, teeth are the only evidence

00:39:59 they've ever even existed.

00:40:02 They gave scientists an insight into a lot of things, including size.

00:40:06 Even with modern sharks, scientists determine their size by the dimensions of only one tooth,

00:40:12 and do the same with the Meg.

00:40:15 Megalodon had the strongest bite of all living creatures on Earth.

00:40:18 It would definitely be fun to see the clash between the Meg and, say, T-Rex.

00:40:23 Sadly, they missed their chance to meet and establish some long-term friendship since

00:40:28 dinosaurs went extinct over 60 million years ago.

00:40:32 Meg, on the other hand, terrified all the inhabitants of the seas and oceans from 23

00:40:38 to 2.5 million years ago.

00:40:42 Where could Megalodon live these days?

00:40:44 Well, it would probably love the places modern sharks go to, such as Florida, Hawaii, Brazil,

00:40:50 South Africa, or some other tropical paradise.

00:40:55 When you think about it, it's not bad at all.

00:40:57 Meg, take me with you!

00:41:00 Meg itself didn't have any serious competition or a natural enemy, but its infants were too

00:41:05 weak to defend themselves.

00:41:08 That's why the apex predator had to choose warm, shallow waters with no strong currents

00:41:13 to raise its babies.

00:41:15 Those, by the way, were around 6.5 ft long, not quite tiny themselves.

00:41:22 Scientists actually found some of their juveniles' teeth, so it seems like part of their nursery

00:41:27 areas was the coast of Panama, and that's 10 million years old!

00:41:32 Ok, time to meet with one of Megalodon's potential rivals – the mighty sperm whale!

00:41:38 45 to 60 ft long, the size sure makes it quite an adversary.

00:41:43 Modern sperm whales don't have such big teeth, but their ancestors, which lived around

00:41:48 13 million years ago, were well-packed.

00:41:51 The largest tooth found was 5 inches wide and 14 inches long.

00:41:55 That's something like the biggest soda bottle out there!

00:41:58 That would make an interesting combat!

00:42:01 Here we're talking about this giant marine predator, but this is not the only intriguing

00:42:06 ancient animal that wandered the oceans.

00:42:09 In fact, sharks are some of the oldest creatures on our planet, more ancient than insects,

00:42:14 mammals, dinosaurs, even trees!

00:42:18 Mass extinction events wiped out most life on Earth.

00:42:21 Giant asteroids fell on its surface, continents split up, and so many other things happened.

00:42:27 But sharks were there, alive, persevering, apparently with no contact with the outside

00:42:32 world – just chilling and doing their thing.

00:42:36 The spiny shark was actually one of the first animals with a jaw.

00:42:40 Not that it could do much with that jaw, since it was only around 12 inches long.

00:42:45 Eh, Meg wouldn't even bother around this one, and it wasn't even a real shark – it

00:42:50 just looked like one.

00:42:52 If you ever wondered how a combination of eel and shark would look like, well, here

00:42:57 it is!

00:42:58 Eel shark preferred freshwater, was up to 3 feet long, and went extinct around 200 million

00:43:04 years ago.

00:43:06 Since dinosaurs appeared around 230 million years ago, the eel shark was probably there

00:43:11 to give them a warm welcome, prepare a buffet, but the dinosaurs had, unfortunately, mistaken

00:43:16 it for dessert.

00:43:18 Now, this predator would get some real screams on a nice sandy beach during a spring break

00:43:24 if it was still alive.

00:43:26 The ginsu shark.

00:43:27 It was nicknamed after ginsu knives for a huge mouth of almost 500 razor-sharp teeth.

00:43:34 One of this monster shark's hobbies was to go after big turtles.

00:43:38 Okay, now seriously, what's with that shark-turtle thing?

00:43:42 Scissortooth sharks.

00:43:44 Now we're talking!

00:43:46 These guys lived around 300 million years ago and had some strangely shaped heads.

00:43:51 The weirdest part were their jaws.

00:43:53 This shark didn't shed old and worn-out teeth but kept growing new ones at the back.

00:43:58 Those in the front were then pushed forward, and, with age, the shark got a really strange

00:44:03 scissortooth look.

00:44:05 Scientists are still unsure why it had to be like that.

00:44:08 Hey, time to call in the orthodont!

00:44:12 Even during the Mague's long reign, our favorite ancient predator still wasn't the

00:44:16 only scary giant shark in town.

00:44:19 For instance, um, well, I can't pronounce its name so I'll just call it Mr. C. Unfortunately,

00:44:25 not enough of its fossils were found to get more information, but some research says it

00:44:31 had teeth more than 5 inches long.

00:44:33 That also implies it could probably grow to be 20 feet long.

00:44:37 Oh, and if it only left just a couple more teeth around, I guess the Mague wouldn't

00:44:42 be the only movie star from those times.

00:44:45 So close, C, so close!

00:44:50 Now as much as we love epic space battles with blasters cutting through the black void

00:44:55 and causing cheerful booms, that's not exactly what happens when something explodes in the

00:45:00 big black.

00:45:02 Space is basically vacuum, meaning it has no oxygen.

00:45:06 And oxygen is an essential part of any process of burning we have here on Earth.

00:45:11 You might argue that stars can burn and explode into supernova, but that's not exactly true

00:45:16 either.

00:45:17 Stars don't rely on oxygen, so they're not burning.

00:45:21 There are constant thermonuclear reactions going on inside them.

00:45:25 So a spaceship can only explode like that if it has a nuclear power plant installed

00:45:29 in it.

00:45:30 If it doesn't, then the only special effect you get is a brief flash that disappears in

00:45:36 the blink of an eye.

00:45:37 Liquid oxygen, which is often on board spaceships, is very quick to burn out in the vacuum of

00:45:42 outer space.

00:45:44 As for the boom, oxygen plays a crucial role here too.

00:45:48 Sound only travels thanks to molecules of air bumping into each other.

00:45:52 Since there's no air in space, the whole scene would be pretty much absolutely silent.

00:45:58 And that's not a bad thing either.

00:46:00 Just imagine how deafening would the sun be if the sound could travel in space!

00:46:05 Despite what many sci-fi directors want us to believe, there's no dark side to the

00:46:10 Moon.

00:46:11 Our satellite is tidally locked with Earth, meaning it's always turned to us with one

00:46:16 side while the other always looks away.

00:46:19 The Sun is much farther from us than the Moon, and we're both turning round and round,

00:46:24 warming and lighting this side and that in turn.

00:46:27 It means that once in every short while, the Moon is lit by the Sun from either side.

00:46:32 It's just that we can't see it from where we are.

00:46:36 While things appear weightless in outer space, there's actual gravity all over the place.

00:46:42 It becomes weaker the further you get from a heavy object, like our planet, but it's

00:46:46 still there.

00:46:47 In fact, there's not a single place in the Universe that isn't affected by gravity

00:46:52 of this or that cosmic object.

00:46:55 Everything that has mass has gravity as well.

00:46:57 Yes, even you and me.

00:47:00 But space objects are so massive that they tug smaller things towards them.

00:47:05 That's why the planets of the Solar System orbit around the Sun, and our whole Milky

00:47:09 Way galaxy orbits around its own center.

00:47:12 Scientists believe there's a supermassive black hole there, about 4 million times heavier

00:47:17 than the Sun, which keeps all the stars and systems from flying apart.

00:47:22 Our movie hero leaves the orbit of Mars on their trusty spaceship and heads on towards

00:47:27 Jupiter.

00:47:28 Their face is grim and determined, even though they know what threat awaits them ahead – the

00:47:33 asteroid belt.

00:47:35 They pitch and yaw, dodging the asteroid flying at enormous speeds toward the spacecraft,

00:47:41 but one of them still hits it.

00:47:42 No, just a scratch, thankfully.

00:47:45 Finally, our hero leaves the danger zone and wipes the sweat from the brow with a shaking

00:47:50 hand.

00:47:51 Sounds familiar, but couldn't be further from the truth.

00:47:55 Asteroids in the belt between Mars and Jupiter are so few and far between that if you ever

00:48:00 travel through it, you might not even encounter one the whole way.

00:48:04 There are about 1.5 million sizable space rocks flying there, give or take a half million.

00:48:10 But let's not forget space is a vast place.

00:48:14 The distance between two asteroids of any significant size would be millions of miles.

00:48:19 So a space chase with two ships weaving between floating rocks would be quite boring in there.

00:48:25 Space is often depicted as a black, cold, and desolate place, especially when a movie

00:48:31 astronaut leaves the safety of their spaceship.

00:48:34 Everything about this description is okay, except for the cold part.

00:48:38 It's only true if you find yourself in some really far corner of our galaxy that has no

00:48:43 nearby stars.

00:48:45 But if you're, for example, in the Earth's orbit and directly facing the Sun, the temperature

00:48:50 in the cosmic vacuum could reach a scorching 250 degrees.

00:48:54 That's why spacesuits are white – this color reflects light better than any other.

00:48:59 Still, the temperature at your back, which isn't exposed to the Sun's rays, can be

00:49:04 really freezing indeed.

00:49:06 Heat doesn't spread equally through space, so if you're not turned towards a heat source,

00:49:11 you get very, very cold.

00:49:13 Speaking about the Sun, it somehow always appears yellow in movies.

00:49:17 The fact is, the color we see from Earth is an optical illusion created by our planet's

00:49:23 atmosphere, just as the blue sky during the day.

00:49:27 The light from the Sun spreads in the atmosphere and gets distorted, making colorful spectacles

00:49:32 at dawn and dusk.

00:49:34 In the vacuum of space, there's nothing to reflect the light, so the Sun appears as it

00:49:39 really is – white.

00:49:41 That ball of glowing gas is that hot.

00:49:44 There's a bright flash in the sky followed by a tail of smoke, and a red-hot space rock

00:49:50 crashes into the ground, leaving a huge charred crater after impact.

00:49:54 Well, although the smoky tail and the crater are partly true, meteorites don't really

00:50:00 have a chance to become that hot while falling.

00:50:03 Meteorite is an asteroid that somehow entered the Earth's atmosphere and survived the

00:50:08 friction enough to fall on the surface.

00:50:10 This happens pretty often, we just don't usually see those rocks because they're

00:50:15 normally quite small and fall into uninhabited areas.

00:50:19 But even if one falls within a city, the crater would appear because of the sheer speed of

00:50:23 the meteorite, not its heat.

00:50:26 They do get much hotter because of friction, yet not so much as to burn everything on the

00:50:30 ground on impact.

00:50:32 As much as we want to believe in instant communication between spaceships and planets, it's not

00:50:37 possible – at least, not yet.

00:50:40 Modern communication systems rely on radio signals that have a pretty slow speed compared

00:50:45 to the vast expanses of space.

00:50:48 It would take years for such a signal to travel even one light-year, let alone hundreds and

00:50:53 thousands.

00:50:54 If you want to send a message to a galaxy far, far away, be prepared to wait a couple

00:50:59 of millennia, and then a couple more to receive a reply.

00:51:03 On that note, space is not as crowded and full of events as is often shown on the silver

00:51:09 screen.

00:51:10 It's mostly a rather lonely place, where planets, stars, and other objects are separated

00:51:16 by billions of miles of nothingness.

00:51:19 Even if you have a spaceship that can travel at the speed of light, most of the time, you'll

00:51:23 only see black void full of stars and planets far away.

00:51:28 The distances are enormous out there, even between the closest objects.

00:51:33 For a better understanding, the Moon, which you can see so well on a clear night, is about

00:51:38 239,000 miles away, as like traveling around the Earth almost 10 times in a row.

00:51:45 Drop drives that can distort space-time and get you to a distant corner of an alien galaxy

00:51:50 in the blink of an eye – that's a staple of any space opera.

00:51:55 Spaceships capable of such a feat are always shown as instantly accelerating from zero

00:52:00 to faster than light.

00:52:02 According to the law of physics, people on board should, well, at least be pushed into

00:52:07 their seats hard.

00:52:09 More strictly speaking, no one would be able to survive such an acceleration because it's

00:52:14 too many Gs on a fragile human body.

00:52:17 Until we find a way to reduce the effects of overload, we can't even start thinking

00:52:21 of space warps.

00:52:23 Water isn't the rarest and most precious resource in the Universe.

00:52:27 In fact, there's a humongous space cloud several million light-years away from us that

00:52:32 consists entirely of water.

00:52:35 Its reserves would be enough to fill all our oceans 140 trillion times over.

00:52:41 And many planets, some even in our solar system, seem to have liquid water on them.

00:52:46 The most precious resource in space is life, and that requires a lot more stuff to appear

00:52:52 than just liquid water.

00:52:54 Astronauts are often shown working out on the ISS and sci-fi space stations, and that

00:53:00 much is true – they do need physical activity.

00:53:03 But the reason isn't that they need strong bodies to work in space.

00:53:07 The gravity out there is much weaker, and astronauts don't use their muscles as much

00:53:11 as on Earth.

00:53:12 So when they come back to the surface, gravity hits them as a sledgehammer, and their bodies

00:53:17 feel squishy.

00:53:19 To alleviate those effects, they train every day.

00:53:23 Although they say we can see millions of stars on a clear starry night, that number is much

00:53:29 more modest – about 3,000.

00:53:31 All the rest are other objects that are also luminous and mistaken for stars – planets,

00:53:37 distant galaxies, and even artificial satellites.

00:53:40 They're simply being illuminated by real stars, just like the Moon, and become seen.

00:53:46 But because they're that far away, we can't tell if they're stars or not.

00:53:51 Still, you gotta admit, it's all still pretty cool.

00:53:56 Okay, here's the first one – myth or true?

00:54:02 Carrots can help you see in the dark.

00:54:04 Myth.

00:54:05 While carrots are full of vitamin A, which helps maintain eyesight, you won't get night

00:54:09 vision.

00:54:10 In the 1940s, British Air Forces invented a new radar, and to keep it secret, they told

00:54:16 everyone it was carrots that helped them see at nighttime.

00:54:21 Diamonds aren't a special gemstone.

00:54:23 True.

00:54:24 While diamonds may be a great engagement rock, they're not as rare as we've been

00:54:28 made to believe.

00:54:29 Advertising campaigns have made this very common rock something extraordinary.

00:54:34 If you want something really rare, pain-eye gems will look beautiful and empty your wallet

00:54:39 at the same time.

00:54:41 Around $50,000 a carrot.

00:54:45 Fruit loops have different flavors.

00:54:47 Myth.

00:54:48 There's no point in avoiding the color you don't like – all the colors are the same

00:54:53 flavor.

00:54:54 Starbucks has stated that they all share the same blended fruit flavor.

00:54:57 Well, now I don't know what to believe anymore.

00:55:02 Dropping a penny from the Empire State Building can obliterate a person below.

00:55:06 Myth.

00:55:07 While the penny won't tickle, it will not damage anyone on the ground.

00:55:11 Simply, the penny can't build up enough speed while it's tumbling to the ground.

00:55:16 Better to just keep the change in your pocket.

00:55:21 The moon has a dark side.

00:55:23 Myth.

00:55:24 No, the moon isn't going to use the "Forrester Rule."

00:55:27 Our satellite is tidally locked with the Earth, meaning that we're always looking at one

00:55:32 side.

00:55:33 But there's no permanent dark side.

00:55:38 Kleenex was originally designed for gas masks.

00:55:41 True.

00:55:42 Yeah, Kimberly-Clark originally designed a thin cotton substitute to be used as a filter.

00:55:48 In 1924, Kleenex began selling in the US as a cold cream and makeup remover, eventually

00:55:55 turning into the soft tissues we love today.

00:55:59 Chocolate is bad for you.

00:56:00 Boy, isn't that a myth!

00:56:03 While too much chocolate, just like too much of anything, can indeed do some harm, a little

00:56:08 bit can be quite good for you.

00:56:10 Not just any chocolate, though, only the dark variety.

00:56:14 Yum.

00:56:15 Weekend sleep-ins will help you catch up on lost sleep.

00:56:18 That's a myth.

00:56:20 As comfy as your bed is on a Sunday morning, you just can't make up for lost sleep.

00:56:25 Irregular sleep can lower your concentration and performance.

00:56:29 If you're refreshed when you wake up, you've had the right amount.

00:56:35 Zombies are real.

00:56:36 True.

00:56:37 Now, no human has ever turned into a hungry zombie that we're shown so much in the movies,

00:56:43 but they do exist in the animal kingdom.

00:56:45 A fungus that has a really long name I don't want to pronounce takes over ants with its

00:56:50 chemicals.

00:56:52 Under the control of the fungus, the ant leaves its family to find a very specific branch

00:56:56 or leaf.

00:56:57 Then, it lets the fungus sprout out of it and release spores back into the world.

00:57:03 How delightful!

00:57:05 The largest living organism is the blue whale, African elephant, or shak.

00:57:10 Myth.

00:57:12 While all of those are large, the honey fungus in the Blue Mountains, Oregon, wins by quite

00:57:17 a bit.

00:57:18 With the length of 3.4 miles, that's 6.5 birch califas end to end, and it's still

00:57:24 growing.

00:57:25 But on the bright side, it's edible.

00:57:27 Mushroom omelet, anyone?

00:57:30 Turkeys can blush.

00:57:31 True.

00:57:33 Just like humans, turkeys blush when excited, angry, or sick.

00:57:37 The skin on their heads and necks can turn red, or even a shade of blue.

00:57:42 The fleshy flap of skin that hangs over their neck is called a snood.

00:57:46 It also turns bright red when the bird is excited.

00:57:49 Maybe not at Thanksgiving, though.

00:57:52 We only have 5 senses.

00:57:54 Myth.

00:57:55 There's no right number.

00:57:57 Some say 5, 7, 14, 24, or even 57.

00:58:02 Our most basic senses are actually sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

00:58:06 But also movement, body position, temperature, balance, and the sense of our internal state.

00:58:12 Like feeling your heart.

00:58:14 For example, close your eyes and touch your nose.

00:58:17 That's proprioception, or body position.

00:58:22 Bats are blind.

00:58:24 Myth.

00:58:25 Bats' eyesight is actually better at nighttime than ours.

00:58:27 They just can't see as well in daytime because they only see in black and white.

00:58:32 Perhaps this myth arose from the fact that bats use sonar to navigate without sight.

00:58:39 Unicorns are real.

00:58:40 True.

00:58:41 They're not horses, though.

00:58:43 It's deer that are likely the culprit.

00:58:45 A single horn can be a genetic anomaly found in some species, possibly leading to the unicorn

00:58:51 legend that formed a long time ago.

00:58:55 Honey never spoils.

00:58:57 Myth.

00:58:58 Uncovered in a humid environment, it will spoil.

00:59:02 As long as the lid stays on it and no water is added to it, honey shouldn't go bad,

00:59:06 though.

00:59:07 Having antifungal and antibacterial properties means no organisms can live in it.

00:59:12 No matter how old your stored honey is, it's probably perfectly edible.

00:59:19 Oranges are always orange.

00:59:21 Myth.

00:59:22 Red oranges are a hybrid of tangerines and the pomelo, with a bright green skin to help

00:59:27 protect them from the sun.

00:59:29 In warmer climates, like Southeast Asia, oranges are still a bright green when ripe.

00:59:34 Makes you wonder what came first, the fruit or the color.

00:59:39 There are bugs in your strawberry frappuccino.

00:59:42 True.

00:59:43 But not anymore.

00:59:45 A dye made of ground-up tiny insects called cachanil bugs is used by many companies to

00:59:51 make the color red.

00:59:53 Starbucks stopped using bug red color in their strawberry frappuccinos in 2015.

01:00:00 Firefighters use wetter water.

01:00:02 True.

01:00:03 To be more efficient at stopping fires, firefighters recently started adding certain chemicals

01:00:08 to the water.

01:00:10 The wetting agents reduce the surface tension of the water, making it easier to spread and

01:00:14 soak into objects.

01:00:17 Leave wasps alone and they'll leave you alone.

01:00:20 Myth.

01:00:21 While this works for bees, their cousins, the yellow jackets, will disagree.

01:00:25 Known as one of the most bad-tempered wasps, they've been said to sting unprovoked, even

01:00:31 if you just happen to walk by their nest.

01:00:34 If you see wasps, give them a wide berth.

01:00:38 The Eiffel Tower was supposed to be torn down after 20 years.

01:00:42 True.

01:00:43 The Eiffel Tower was designed to show off France's industrial power during the World's

01:00:47 Fair.

01:00:48 Designers cleverly put transmitters and antennas on top to make the tower too useful to eventually

01:00:54 demolish.

01:00:58 Head lice prefer dirty hair.

01:01:00 Myth.

01:01:02 Lice don't really think about hair cleanliness.

01:01:04 They simply need human hair to hang onto, whether it's squeaky clean or greasier than

01:01:09 a fryer.

01:01:10 Lice feed off of our scalps, and the hair is just a place to hang out.

01:01:16 Camels' humps store water.

01:01:18 Myth.

01:01:19 Camels don't store water.

01:01:21 They store fat in their tissues.

01:01:23 Just like me after the holidays.

01:01:25 These reservoirs of fat allow camels to survive for days in the desert without stopping for

01:01:29 food.

01:01:30 They drink large amounts of water at a time and store that in their bloodstream.

01:01:37 You need to drink 8 glasses of water a day.

01:01:41 Myth.

01:01:42 Staying hydrated is critical, especially in hotter weather.

01:01:45 But we seem to forget that every drink is mainly water, even tea and coffee.

01:01:50 Our bodies are the best indicators for when to drink water.

01:01:54 Feel thirsty?

01:01:55 Then it's time to have a drink.

01:01:59 An elephant never forgets.

01:02:01 True.

01:02:02 Having the biggest brain of all land animals, elephants should have a great memory, and

01:02:08 they do.

01:02:09 Being able to remember their entire territory, friends, and spots to find water is crucial

01:02:14 to the social structure of elephants.

01:02:16 They might even have a better memory than you and I.

01:02:20 Now where did I leave my keys?

01:02:24 Bananas grow upside down.

01:02:26 True.

01:02:27 Bananas grow naturally towards the sun as they're getting larger.

01:02:30 That's why there's a curve.

01:02:32 So does that mean we've been peeling them the wrong way this whole time?

01:02:37 Maybe.

01:02:39 No number before 1000 contains the letter A.

01:02:42 True.

01:02:44 You can try and spell each number out if you like, but I bet you're just gonna take

01:02:49 my word for it.

01:02:53 The Guinness Book of World Records was created to settle arguments.

01:02:57 True.

01:02:58 The world's best trivia book was published in 1955 after an argument about the fastest

01:03:04 game bird in Europe.

01:03:05 The managing director of Guinness Brewery realized there wasn't a go-to book for trivial

01:03:10 questions, so he created his own, and the rest is history.

01:03:16 You're eating real wasabi.

01:03:18 Myth.

01:03:19 When you're sitting down for tasty sushi, that green paste sometimes isn't wasabi,

01:03:25 it's horseradish.

01:03:26 Real wasabi is very expensive with a milder taste to it.

01:03:30 If it's not made in front of you, it's not going to be the real thing.

01:03:34 So there.

01:03:37 Do chameleons only change color for camouflage?

01:03:43 No.

01:03:44 They can actually change colors to reflect their mood.

01:03:47 So males turn a bright color to show their dominance, and they become darker when they

01:03:52 get aggressive.

01:03:54 Chameleons also change color to adapt to different temperatures.

01:03:57 A cold chameleon will turn dark to absorb more heat, while a smoking hot chameleon will

01:04:03 turn itself pale to reflect the sun's rays.

01:04:06 By the way, do comedians change color for camouflage?

01:04:11 Only if their jokes aren't getting any laughs.

01:04:13 Ok, I made that up.

01:04:16 There's a myth that if you drop a penny from a skyscraper, it'll pretty much destroy

01:04:20 whatever's underneath.

01:04:22 But when put to the test, researchers found that it just isn't true.

01:04:27 On its way down, a coin can't gather enough velocity to cause permanent damage to anything,

01:04:33 mostly because of wind resistance and the penny spinning around and stuff.

01:04:38 Anyway, just hang on to your change.

01:04:41 Some people believe that toilet flushes spin in the opposite direction in the Southern

01:04:45 Hemisphere.

01:04:47 Some things are affected by the Earth's rotation, like the Gulf Stream or hurricanes.

01:04:52 But toilet flushes are way too small.

01:04:55 Flushes can spin in either direction, whether they're in the Northern or Southern Hemispheres.

01:05:00 Trust me, I know.

01:05:02 The biggest determinant of flush direction is the design of the toilet bowl and the water

01:05:07 pressure.

01:05:08 There's a popular saying that lightning never strikes in the same place twice.

01:05:14 Lightning often strikes near the same place a lot more than that.

01:05:18 Lightning generally chooses the tallest, pointiest spot as its target.

01:05:23 Researchers have found that the Empire State Building gets struck by lightning almost 100

01:05:27 times a year.

01:05:29 And quite a few people have been zapped more than once, like a lot more.

01:05:33 So if you're tall and pointy, be careful out there!

01:05:37 So there's a common belief that bats are blind.

01:05:41 But bats have better vision than humans at night, although humans can see more clearly

01:05:45 during the day.

01:05:47 Maybe this myth came about because bats rely a lot on their hearing to get about.

01:05:52 Or maybe it's because bats see the world in black and white.

01:05:57 Do goldfish really have short memories?

01:06:00 Most people put it at 7 seconds.

01:06:02 In reality, goldfish can remember things for as long as 7 months.

01:06:07 Without a good memory, goldfish who live in nature would never find food.

01:06:13 Did anyone ever tell you that a mother bird will reject its offspring if they've been

01:06:17 touched by a human?

01:06:19 That would be nuts, because most birds don't have a developed sense of smell.

01:06:23 They'd never be able to identify the scent of a person.

01:06:27 The vulture is an exception to this rule.

01:06:30 It has an amazing nose, but then who'd want to touch a vulture anyway?

01:06:36 Ostriches bury their heads in the sand when they're scared.

01:06:39 Except they don't.

01:06:40 This myth probably came into being because an ostrich's head is disproportionately

01:06:45 small in comparison to its body.

01:06:48 So from a distance, it looks as if the ostrich has its head stuffed in the sand.

01:06:53 But if it really did that, it would pass out from not being able to breathe.

01:06:59 Another myth is that opossums hang on branches with their tail.

01:07:03 The opossum does use its tail to help it climb trees, but its tail can't support its weight.

01:07:09 Even a hulked-out calisthenics master opossum could only hang there for a few seconds max.

01:07:15 Legend has it that a penguin will fall backward when looking up at an aircraft.

01:07:20 Cutest myth ever!

01:07:22 Penguins can maintain their balance no matter what, even while looking up at the sky.

01:07:27 But low-flying airplanes may cause penguins to flee their nests in panic.

01:07:33 Do dogs really sweat by salivating?

01:07:36 No, they sweat through their foot pads.

01:07:39 But salivating and panting does help them regulate their body temperature.

01:07:44 Cat owners may think that a cat only purrs when it's happy.

01:07:48 But cats also purr when they're hungry, distressed, or recovering from an injury.

01:07:54 Researchers think that purring may be a self-healing trick.

01:07:57 Somehow it keeps their bones and muscles working better.

01:08:01 Legend has it that if you run into a skunk, there's only one possible outcome – you're

01:08:06 gonna stink for a while.

01:08:08 But skunks prefer to flee from danger rather than spraying their magic juice around.

01:08:13 That smelly spray is their last line of defense.

01:08:17 Before that, they usually stomp their feet and slap their tails to ward off any danger.

01:08:23 Did you know there's an alpha wolf in every pack?

01:08:26 Except again, there isn't.

01:08:28 Unlike captive wolves, wild wolves don't share this kind of social order.

01:08:33 They live in family groups like humans, where the parents are the leaders and the little

01:08:37 ones gotta do as they're told.

01:08:40 There's a myth that owls can turn their heads full circle, but that would cause them

01:08:45 significant damage.

01:08:47 But still, they can turn their heads comfortably more than halfway around because of their

01:08:52 unique neck bone structure.

01:08:55 If you've ever poked a turtle's shell, thinking it won't hurt the guy inside, you'd

01:09:00 be wrong.

01:09:01 A turtle's shell is a living and feeling part of its body, with a complete nerve-ending

01:09:06 supply.

01:09:07 If the shell gets damaged, it can even endanger the turtle's life.

01:09:12 There was a time when people thought that unwashed hair was the ideal habitat for headlice.

01:09:18 But headlice don't discriminate.

01:09:21 No, they can make themselves a home in all hair types.

01:09:25 All they really want is a warm scalp.

01:09:28 Most people are familiar with the phrase "an apple a day keeps the doctor away."

01:09:34 Apples are good for you, sure – they're packed with nutrients like fiber and vitamin

01:09:38 C. But does anyone really think that's enough?

01:09:42 When it comes to food hygiene, the 5-second rule just doesn't make sense.

01:09:47 There should be a "where you drop it" rule to replace the 5-second one.

01:09:52 Generally, if you drop food on your kitchen floor, it's gonna pick up fewer bacteria

01:09:56 than if you drop it at the checkout counter of a busy supermarket.

01:10:00 Of course, that's assuming your kitchen's clean.

01:10:03 Uh-oh.

01:10:04 Ever wondered whether the story about chewing gum taking 7 years to digest is true?

01:10:10 Nah, it isn't.

01:10:12 Chewing gum isn't too different from any other food.

01:10:15 It takes around the same time to digest.

01:10:18 But it's not exactly nutrient-heavy.

01:10:21 Legend has it that catching a cold is likelier to happen in cold weather.

01:10:26 But studies have shown that weather doesn't really play a part in getting a cold.

01:10:30 A virus does.

01:10:32 People may experience more cold-like symptoms when the weather is icy cold, but temperature

01:10:37 has nothing to do with recovery time or anything like that.

01:10:42 Do people only use 10% of their brains?

01:10:45 Well, I have some friends who seem to… never mind.

01:10:49 No, the answer is no.

01:10:52 Scientists who've studied brain scans say they don't show any large dormant areas

01:10:56 of the brain.

01:10:58 But if the myth is just about humans having a long way to go to reach their full potential,

01:11:03 yeah, that sounds about right.

01:11:06 One of life's no-no's is to jump into the pool right after eating.

01:11:10 But hitting the gym after a big meal can leave you feeling just as uncomfortable as doing

01:11:14 a few laps.

01:11:16 Also, if you're worried about getting a cramp in the pool, those can happen anytime,

01:11:21 not just after a meal.

01:11:23 Does shaved hair grow back darker and thicker?

01:11:27 Doctors say it doesn't.

01:11:28 But shaving does give your hair a blunt tip, which can make it feel thicker.

01:11:33 When it comes to color, that new, darker stubble is just an illusion.

01:11:38 Some people are convinced that eating turkey leaves them feeling drowsy.

01:11:42 It's true that turkey has a chemical that can cause drowsiness, but so does chicken

01:11:47 or beef.

01:11:48 Turkey's a favorite for those massive family celebrations, so that drowsiness is probably

01:11:55 due to the huge amount you ate.

01:11:58 The myth that people lose most of their body heat through their heads was probably first

01:12:02 invented by a hat salesman.

01:12:05 Not surprising.

01:12:06 Scientists say that people lose only about 10% of their body heat through their heads.

01:12:11 You lose heat through your skin, no matter where that skin is.

01:12:16 Have you heard the saying that a full moon can affect your mind somehow?

01:12:20 No, but researchers believe that light from a full moon can affect your sleep, which can

01:12:26 affect your mood.

01:12:28 Did ancient Vikings really wear those awesome horned helmets?

01:12:32 There's no real evidence to back up this claim.

01:12:36 This myth probably came from books and music, looking to spice up their heroes a bit.

01:12:41 If you want to see a Viking with a helmet, go to a Minnesota Vikings game.

01:12:45 It's about as close as you're gonna get.

01:12:49 Some people believe Einstein flunked math in school.

01:12:52 Einstein himself debunked this theory by saying he mastered calculus at age 15.

01:12:58 But Einstein did fail to enter the school of his choice because he flunked languages

01:13:03 on his first try.

01:13:05 But math?

01:13:06 He passed with flying colors.

01:13:09 A human year is not the same as a dog year.

01:13:13 You might have thought that dogs age 7 times faster than we do, but it's not that simple.

01:13:18 A dog that's been around for one year is, in fact, already 31.

01:13:24 It will most likely even have its own little puppies running around.

01:13:29 But here's where it gets tricky.

01:13:31 Two human years don't necessarily mean that your dog is 62 either.

01:13:36 Your buddy will need to be around 4 in our years before it reaches old age.

01:13:41 A 4-year-old dog will be 50, but a 7-year-old dog will be 62.

01:13:46 And an 8-year-old dog will only be 64.

01:13:51 So they age faster, but also slower and slower as time passes by.

01:13:56 The next time you're celebrating your best bud's birthday, be sure to put lots of candles

01:14:00 on the cake and buy even more presents than you normally would.

01:14:05 A common misconception is that dogs are colorblind.

01:14:09 They're not, but they don't see color exactly as we do.

01:14:13 They have trouble distinguishing between their reds and greens.

01:14:16 It all just looks like a mash of gray, brown, blue, and even yellowy tones.

01:14:23 That's because their eyes lack one of three photoreceptors needed to perceive colors fully.

01:14:29 You can't teach an old dog new tricks.

01:14:32 Wrong.

01:14:33 Because of their old age, they might need more persistence from you, but it's not impossible.

01:14:39 The key here is to be as positive as you can.

01:14:42 If you see they're not feeling up to it right now, that's okay.

01:14:45 Let them rest, and in a little bit, you can pick the training session back up.

01:14:50 Rewards still need to be a big part of the whole ordeal.

01:14:54 After Max successfully speaks, give it its favorite biscuit.

01:14:58 Then it'll speak on command whenever you ask it to.

01:15:02 That dog has shoes on.

01:15:04 They might seem unnecessary, but today the weather's 90 degrees outside.

01:15:08 Imagine walking with your bare feet on asphalt during this heat.

01:15:12 You'd feel like you're stepping on lava, and so would your pup.

01:15:16 Some dogs are better equipped to handle different weather conditions, but dog shoes can prevent

01:15:21 your little buddy from harming its paws.

01:15:24 It's the same during winter.

01:15:26 When it's freezing cold, you wouldn't just walk around without a jacket on, so make sure

01:15:30 your buddy is warm too.

01:15:33 Dogs with a lot of fur don't need to get their hair cut to feel lighter.

01:15:37 They have what's called an undercoat.

01:15:39 In winter, it gets thicker, which gives your buddy an extra layer of protection from the

01:15:44 cold.

01:15:45 Then, during springtime, your dog will shed some of its fur.

01:15:49 It's that same undercoat that will keep your dog comfy during hotter days.

01:15:54 When you shave a dog's fur, the new one coming in might get curly or entangled.

01:15:59 It might just be better to leave it as is.

01:16:01 You can also find different alternatives to keep them cool.

01:16:06 Keep it in the shade when they're out, and always bring a bottle of cold water with you,

01:16:10 so your buddy's always refreshed.

01:16:14 At home, you can put damp towels for them to lie on.

01:16:17 If you have a garden, you can also turn its sprinklers on and let Max run free.

01:16:21 It'll exercise and have lots of fun.

01:16:25 Not all dogs are great swimmers, but all dogs love swimming.

01:16:29 If yours can't swim all that well, it might be because it has a bulky chest and a large

01:16:33 flat head.

01:16:34 In fact, it might not even be able to stay afloat.

01:16:38 Get it a swimming vest designed especially for dogs.

01:16:42 Some people might say a slightly open window is enough to keep a dog in the car.

01:16:47 This isn't true, because after spending just a few minutes in a heated or cold car might

01:16:52 mean severe health implications for your best friend.

01:16:56 Some states even let you let a dog out of the car if you see it in there, to let it

01:17:00 breathe.

01:17:02 If your dog can't stand mail carriers, it might be because it's trying to protect

01:17:06 you.

01:17:07 They bark because they're trying to alert you, their pack leader, that the vicious mail

01:17:11 carrier is coming.

01:17:13 You can fix this by introducing them to one another.

01:17:16 This way, your dog will recognize them as a friend and not a villain.

01:17:21 Unlike you, your dog isn't yawning because it's sleepy.

01:17:25 Yawning is a way for them to show anxiety.

01:17:27 If it doesn't like cats, and there's one around, it could yawn.

01:17:31 Or maybe there's a new person in the house, and Max isn't feeling comfortable in their

01:17:35 presence.

01:17:36 Or you take your dog to a play date, but they're not getting along.

01:17:40 Max keeps yawning because he's getting upset.

01:17:43 Yawning is also a way to show you it's running out of patience.

01:17:47 It might be time for both of you to leave.

01:17:51 Dogs eat grass when they're sick, but this isn't always the case.

01:17:55 Catching your dog eating grass when you've been talking to your friend for way longer

01:17:58 than you should have probably means it's just bored.

01:18:02 They do it to be rebellious, too.

01:18:04 Or just because it's fun.

01:18:06 It won't be a problem if the grass isn't treated.

01:18:09 Either way, just make sure it doesn't eat too much of it.

01:18:12 Otherwise, head out to the vet.

01:18:15 Even a little bit of chocolate is poisonous for your pup and should be kept hidden away

01:18:19 at all times.

01:18:21 This includes cocoa powder and baker's chocolate.

01:18:23 This applies to cats, too.

01:18:26 If you suspect that your pet has eaten a large amount of chocolate, take it to the vet's

01:18:30 office immediately.

01:18:33 Well-trained dogs will do what they're supposed to and obey commands.

01:18:37 But don't think they'll never bite you.

01:18:40 It can act out of emotion.

01:18:41 Imagine your dog's scared.

01:18:43 You've put it in an uncomfortable situation with lots of new faces.

01:18:47 This has been going on for a while, and Max isn't able to control his emotions anymore.

01:18:52 So a new person tries to reach it to give it a pet and gets punished.

01:18:56 Nothing harsh, but it was unexpected.

01:18:59 Maybe it felt like it needed to be defensive.

01:19:02 Thinking they're protecting and guarding you is another reason why a dog might bite.

01:19:07 Or if they're feeling too intimidated by whoever it might be.

01:19:12 You've got two dogs and you're about to enter your house.

01:19:15 One of them is waiting for you in its bed.

01:19:17 It doesn't make a big whoop about it rather than wagging its tail.

01:19:21 The other one comes running to the door.

01:19:23 It whimpers, jumps, and wags its whole body while running in circles around you.

01:19:28 This doesn't mean it loves you more.

01:19:30 It just means it's not properly trained yet.

01:19:34 Tail wagging doesn't always mean your dog is excited.

01:19:37 You can observe a dog's tail to understand what it's feeling.

01:19:41 If it holds its tail high but isn't moving it, it's alert but also trying to assert its

01:19:46 leadership.

01:19:48 Still held high, the tail is moving now.

01:19:50 It means the feeling's changed a bit.

01:19:52 It's alert but happy.

01:19:54 It's still trying to show it's the boss here.

01:19:57 But at least it's feeling excited now.

01:20:01 When its tail is between the legs, your dog's feeling afraid.

01:20:04 Or if there's an alpha dog around, it might mean your buddy admits its leadership.

01:20:10 A tail that's held straight out means the dog is taking in new information, feeling

01:20:14 the room.

01:20:15 It's not reacting though.

01:20:17 It'll stay neutral while doing this.

01:20:21 If a dog's tail is wagging fast, it means excitement.

01:20:25 The faster they wag their tail, the more excited they are.

01:20:29 A slow wag conveys insecurity.

01:20:32 It might be because of another dog or person.

01:20:36 Now imagine your dog is wagging its entire body.

01:20:40 You even see its hips wagging.

01:20:42 This means it's friendly.

01:20:44 It might happen when you're in the elevator and it spots its best friend from the apartment

01:20:48 complex.

01:20:51 The worst wag of them all is an extremely fast vertical wagging tail.

01:20:56 When doing this, your dog can be mean to others.

01:20:59 It might be feeling territorial over you.

01:21:02 It's best to remove yourself from the situation.

01:21:05 If your dog's tail is wagging to the right, it means it's more relaxed.

01:21:10 And a left wagging tail means stress.

01:21:15 Eating before swimming doesn't cause cramps.

01:21:18 Everyone knows that you have to wait at least 30 minutes after eating to go swimming.

01:21:24 If you don't, you might cramp up or even worse, sink.

01:21:29 This is actually not true.

01:21:31 Our bodies are perfectly adapted to swim while full.

01:21:34 If you do happen to get a cramp while in the pool for any reason, just relax and float.

01:21:40 You'll be feeling fine soon enough.

01:21:44 Handling a toad or frog won't give you warts.

01:21:48 Warts are caused by a certain virus, which is only carried by humans.

01:21:53 The myth came about because of the bumpy, wart-like skin texture of toads and tree frogs.

01:21:59 Frogs might not give you warts, but they could still be poisonous, so you shouldn't handle

01:22:04 them.

01:22:05 You don't accidentally eat eight spiders a year while sleeping.

01:22:10 This old myth doesn't have a leg, or eight legs, to stand on.

01:22:14 Most people sleep with their mouths closed, so in the unlikely event that a spider actually

01:22:19 made it to your face, it wouldn't even have the opportunity to go into your mouth.

01:22:24 If you sleep with your mouth open, though, you're most likely snoring, which creates

01:22:29 vibrations strong enough to scare any spiders away.

01:22:34 Bananas don't grow on trees.

01:22:37 We call the plant that bananas grow on "banana trees," but guess what?

01:22:42 They're actually an herb.

01:22:44 Weirdly, they're most closely related to the ginger family.

01:22:49 These "trees" are really just big stem-like succulents, like aloe vera, jade plants, or

01:22:55 cacti.

01:22:56 Just don't try peeling cacti like a banana.

01:22:59 The banana itself is also technically a berry, like a pumpkin, a cucumber, and an avocado.

01:23:08 Sitting too close to a TV won't ruin your eyes.

01:23:12 We've all been told not to sit too close to the TV and PC monitor, or you'll damage your

01:23:17 eyes.

01:23:18 Ophthalmologists have said that it can cause temporary strain to the eyes, but long-term

01:23:23 problems are rare.

01:23:25 If you're nearsighted, chances are you're always going to be, whether you sit too close

01:23:30 or not.

01:23:32 You don't lose most of your body heat through your head.

01:23:35 While it may feel that way during the winter, our body loses heat all over.

01:23:40 You need to wear a hat because it's more exposed, unlike the rest of the body, which is kept

01:23:45 toasty with jackets and thick pants.

01:23:50 Swallowed gum won't stay in you for seven years.

01:23:53 You should definitely avoid swallowing gum.

01:23:56 That's not something that's good for you.

01:23:58 But just in case you do by accident, you'll be happy to learn that it won't stay inside

01:24:02 your body for seven years.

01:24:04 You can't fully digest the gum, but all that happens is that gum leaves your body naturally

01:24:10 in a matter of days.

01:24:12 Our tongues don't have different sections for tasting.

01:24:16 There's no bitter, sweet, sour, umami, or salty sections of our tongue whatsoever.

01:24:22 This giant muscle can taste everything all over, so you don't have to worry about keeping

01:24:27 specific foods in specific parts of your mouth.

01:24:32 Fingerprints might not be unique.

01:24:34 Sounds terrifying, doesn't it?

01:24:36 Well, the reasoning is actually very simple.

01:24:38 We can't check every fingerprint on Earth, so it's difficult to know if they really are

01:24:43 unique to each individual.

01:24:46 Related people can have somewhat similar fingerprints, and there are over 7 billion people on the

01:24:51 planet, so it's almost impossible to check.

01:24:56 Sushi doesn't mean raw fish.

01:24:59 While many people will think it means raw fish, sushi actually comes from a Japanese

01:25:03 word meaning "sour rice."

01:25:06 And it's the rice that's at the heart and soul of every piece of sushi.

01:25:10 That's why you can buy sushi with cooked fish in it in supermarkets.

01:25:16 Sharks do have tongues.

01:25:18 That's a common debate, but it turns out that sharks do have tongues, just not the types

01:25:24 of ones that you can find on people.

01:25:26 Most can't even move them around, so it barely counts.

01:25:30 For example, the cookie cutter shark's tongue doesn't help much with eating.

01:25:34 Instead, it supports some of the bones around its gills.

01:25:39 And no, it doesn't make delicious cookies.

01:25:42 You can swallow watermelon seeds.

01:25:46 Watermelon is the perfect summertime treat, but worrying about a plant growing inside

01:25:50 you can completely ruin it.

01:25:53 Not to worry, seeds can't survive and grow inside stomach acid.

01:25:58 Watermelon seeds are actually good for you.

01:26:04 Flies live longer than 24 hours.

01:26:06 Some flies can live for a few days, to even years.

01:26:10 That's right, those pesky house flies live a lot longer than you think, sometimes even

01:26:16 up to a month.

01:26:17 So trapping one in a room won't make it go away faster.

01:26:21 It just means that you won't have access to that room for a long time.

01:26:26 Fresh fruits and veggies aren't superior to frozen.

01:26:30 Having fresh instead of frozen produce might seem like a no-brainer, but the choice isn't

01:26:35 actually so simple.

01:26:37 By the time that juicy mango or crisp carrot gets to your local store, it's actually been

01:26:42 through a lot.

01:26:43 Most fresh produce travels on trucks or ships or planes and gets processed.

01:26:49 Once it arrives, it's often covered in pesticides in order to keep it fresh.

01:26:54 Now, on the other hand, frozen fruits and vegetables are immediately frozen, keeping

01:26:59 all their nutrients and minerals preserved.

01:27:02 If you can grow your own produce, though, you can guarantee freshness.

01:27:08 The Great Wall of China can't be seen from the moon.

01:27:11 The only thing that you can see from the moon is Earth, which is mostly white with blue

01:27:16 and patches of yellow and green vegetation.

01:27:19 No man-made object is easily visible from this far away.

01:27:24 In low-Earth orbit, though, cities can be seen during the night and day.

01:27:28 These include major roadways, airports, dams, and reservoirs.

01:27:32 Hey, I can even see my house from there!

01:27:36 Lightning can strike the same spot more than once.

01:27:40 This myth has been around for a very long time, and it's just simply not true.

01:27:45 Lightning will strike whatever is attracting it, however many times it can.

01:27:50 This means that in many cases, it's more likely to strike twice.

01:27:54 Just watch the Empire State Building during a lightning storm.

01:27:57 It gets hit more than 100 times every year.

01:28:01 Saturn's rings aren't solid.

01:28:05 When you see a photo of Saturn, it'd be easy to assume that the rings are solid, but

01:28:09 they're not.

01:28:10 The rings are made up of tiny particles of rock and ice that vary in size, from as small

01:28:16 as a grain of sand to as large as a house.

01:28:19 Good luck trying to spacewalk on these rings!

01:28:23 Cracking your knuckles won't cause arthritis.

01:28:26 A lot of people are scared to crack their knuckle joints because of advice from friends

01:28:31 and family.

01:28:32 The most common myth is that it causes arthritis.

01:28:35 Well, this just isn't true at all.

01:28:38 One scientist even cracked the knuckles in his left hand for over 60 years and was left

01:28:43 with no discomfort whatsoever.

01:28:46 Waking a sleepwalker won't hurt them.

01:28:48 In fact, the most dangerous thing for a sleepwalker is allowing them to carry on wandering around.

01:28:54 Getting them back to bed so they don't hurt themselves is the best way to make sure that

01:28:59 they're okay.

01:29:01 We use most of our brain percentage.

01:29:04 We use far more than the myth of 10%.

01:29:07 That's right, especially you, Bright Side viewer.

01:29:10 Although some parts of the brain have yet to be figured out by scientists, we know enough

01:29:14 to debunk this idea.

01:29:16 We actually turn parts of our brain on and off and tap into different parts when they're

01:29:21 needed.

01:29:22 Now, we haven't unlocked any secret powers yet, but hopefully we can find something one

01:29:27 day.

01:29:29 Bears don't really sleep during hibernation.

01:29:32 Bears don't sleep for months on end while hibernating.

01:29:35 They actually go into something called torpor.

01:29:38 This means that they slow things down in their bodies but are still able to react to any

01:29:43 stimuli around them.

01:29:45 If you see one sleeping during winter, just make sure to keep your distance.

01:29:51 Chameleons change color to show their mood and to communicate.

01:29:56 Chameleons are known as masters of camouflage, but they often don't even use their abilities

01:30:00 to camouflage.

01:30:02 They actually change color to show when they're feeling a strong emotion.

01:30:08 When they're agitated and upset, they'll turn black.

01:30:11 When they're happy, they'll stay a bright green or blue.

01:30:16 The sun isn't a fireball.

01:30:19 The sun doesn't burn as we think of it, like logs on a fire or a gas stove.

01:30:25 It glows because it's a giant ball of gas, with nuclear fusion taking place in its core.

01:30:32 Our sun isn't yellow or white either.

01:30:35 It glows green-blue.

01:30:37 The human eye sees all the rainbow colors around it and mixes them together to make

01:30:42 the sun's famous golden yellow.

01:30:45 Dogs see more than black and white.

01:30:48 Asking dogs to read an eye chart or to pick out colors would be impractical, but scientists

01:30:53 have been able to figure out the vision of dogs.

01:30:56 They see the world through a basic color scheme of yellow, blue, and gray, not black and white.

01:31:03 It seems that they also lack the ability to see the range of colors from green to red.

01:31:08 Chasing a tennis ball has to do with movement and smell more than color.

01:31:13 It doesn't make water boil faster.

01:31:16 That tiny pinch you put in before your pasta doesn't make any difference to the amount

01:31:21 of time it takes to come up to a boil.

01:31:24 The same goes for putting oil into the water to stop your pasta from sticking.

01:31:28 It doesn't work, but it might still be worth adding some if you want to make sure that

01:31:33 the water doesn't boil over.

01:31:36 Vikings probably never wore horned helmets.

01:31:39 As awesome as they looked, Vikings didn't have a practical use for horned helmets.

01:31:44 This look was created for an opera costume in the 19th century, and it's stuck ever since.

01:31:51 Get the point?

01:31:52 Ha, looking sharp.

01:31:53 Some Vikings might have used them, but archaeological finds have suggested that if they did use

01:31:59 them, it wasn't very common.

01:32:03 The ear-piercing sound of sirens brings your relaxing Saturday afternoon to a screeching

01:32:08 halt.

01:32:09 You jump out of the chair and run to the window.

01:32:11 The sky is covered in black clouds all the way down to the horizon.

01:32:16 The trees are nearly bent over flat from the gale force winds.

01:32:20 Together with the rain, golf ball-sized hail crashes into the ground on rooftops on parked

01:32:26 cars.

01:32:27 It sounds like a stampede right over your head.

01:32:30 Car alarms are going off everywhere.

01:32:33 Just then, crack!

01:32:35 Huge bolts of lightning flash across the black sky.

01:32:38 Then the monstrous grumble of thunder.

01:32:41 Your heart jumps in your throat as you peer through the window at the sudden chaos outside.

01:32:46 You're filled with a primal fear of the power of nature.

01:32:51 You snap back to reality.

01:32:53 The sirens!

01:32:54 Gotta get to the basement!

01:32:55 You start to turn away from the window, and that's when you see it.

01:32:58 A massive tornado ripping along the city street.

01:33:02 It's throwing entire motorcycles, refrigerators, and even trees like baseballs.

01:33:08 The roof of that building starts peeling off like a band-aid.

01:33:11 The twister even lifts cars and pieces of asphalt as if they're made of feathers.

01:33:16 It seems this tornado will flatten your city within an hour tops.

01:33:22 You finally snap out of your hypnosis and run to the basement.

01:33:25 The sound of the city being ripped apart terrifies you as you hunker down below as low as you

01:33:31 can.

01:33:32 But after about 20 minutes, everything is suddenly silent.

01:33:36 You head out to see the clouds have disappeared, and the sun's rays illuminate the street.

01:33:42 Luckily, your house was spared, but your modern city now looks more like ancient ruins.

01:33:48 Stop!

01:33:49 Tornadoes never come into cities, right?

01:33:52 Uh, yeah, they do.

01:33:54 This monster doesn't care where it goes and what it eats along the way.

01:33:58 While we're at it, you can forget about the myth that tornadoes will magically stop when

01:34:03 they meet rivers, lakes, or mountains.

01:34:05 They just keep on going.

01:34:07 But about that "no twisters in the city" thing.

01:34:10 About 1,000 tornadoes hit the US each year.

01:34:14 That's 75% of all the tornadoes in the world.

01:34:17 Most of these monsters occur in a strip, okay, more like a long blob, running up and down

01:34:23 through the middle of the country.

01:34:25 It's an area aptly dubbed "Tornado Alley," a perfect spot for these things to form.

01:34:31 You get cold, dry air coming down from Canada, meeting warm, humid air traveling north from

01:34:36 the Gulf of Mexico.

01:34:38 Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it rises and creates a strong updraft.

01:34:43 Water droplets surround it to create the funnel cloud.

01:34:47 There you go, recipe for a tornado.

01:34:50 Now if you closed your eyes, spun around, and put your finger on a map of the US, the

01:34:55 chances of your finger landing on a major city are pretty slim.

01:34:59 If you gathered all the cities in the whole country into one area, it would only be 3%

01:35:04 of the US's entire land.

01:35:06 Just like your finger, the likelihood of a tornado striking in the city is much smaller

01:35:11 than landing in a rural area.

01:35:13 When it comes down to it, tornadoes can touch down in big cities.

01:35:17 They just hardly ever do, thanks to sheer chance.

01:35:22 Another surprising myth.

01:35:23 You always see a tornado coming because, duh, funnel cloud right ahead.

01:35:29 True.

01:35:30 The approaching funnel can be completely camouflaged in a wall of rain.

01:35:34 You might finally see it when it's right on top of you.

01:35:38 In this case, you'd better trust your hearing.

01:35:41 First, tornado warning sirens go off if you're in a place that has them.

01:35:46 Second, listen for a loud rumble that sounds like a train coming.

01:35:50 That's a sure sign this beast is somewhere nearby.

01:35:54 Many people immediately start heading for shelter when they see green clouds in the

01:35:58 sky because we all believe it's the number one sign of a tornado coming.

01:36:03 Don't buy it.

01:36:04 Yes, a green sky is a sign of a severe thunderstorm that's powerful enough to produce tornadoes,

01:36:10 but it's not a guarantee like many people see it.

01:36:14 While we're at it, you know how movies show the ground ripping apart during earthquakes?

01:36:18 The gaping hole that swallows cars, houses, entire cities.

01:36:23 Add a shred of truth to this.

01:36:25 A crack may appear in the ground with major earthquakes, but it rarely exceeds a couple

01:36:29 feet wide.

01:36:31 One of the most overspread myths out there is that lightning will never strike the same

01:36:35 place twice.

01:36:36 Tell that to the Empire State Building.

01:36:39 It gets hit by bolts of lightning at least 25 times a year.

01:36:43 Pretty sure nobody's picking the building up and moving it to different locations.

01:36:47 Yes, lightning likes really tall things, and it's not shy to keep coming back.

01:36:52 As for that old warning about your cell phone or jewelry attracting lightning?

01:36:57 Busted.

01:36:58 There hasn't been any scientific support for the idea that personal objects with metal

01:37:02 in them attract lightning.

01:37:04 You still shouldn't be out and about during a storm, though, cell phone in hand or not.

01:37:09 Now, if you're looking for a tsunami and only focused on giant walls of water, you

01:37:14 might never see one, even if it's right in front of you.

01:37:18 Tsunamis aren't always massive tidal waves crashing into the shore.

01:37:21 More often than not, they look like the tide is rising extremely rapidly, receding and

01:37:27 rising again until it overspills into the city.

01:37:31 Not that tsunamis never form walls of water.

01:37:34 It's just not as common.

01:37:35 Picture Earth.

01:37:36 Are you imagining a perfect ball?

01:37:39 Well, to resemble the truth more, squash the poles down a little.

01:37:43 There, now you have a realistic Earth.

01:37:47 Scientists call the Earth an irregular sphere, or ellipsoid in fancy terms.

01:37:52 The planet rotates on its axis, causing the equator to bulge out a bit, just like what

01:37:57 happens when you spin fast on a merry-go-round.

01:38:00 You feel pulled out and away from the center.

01:38:03 What's the highest point on Earth?

01:38:05 Everest, of course.

01:38:07 But if we go from the point furthest away from the center of the Earth, the crown goes

01:38:11 to Mount Chimborazo in the Andes.

01:38:14 This peak is actually 6,800 feet closer to space than the summit of Everest.

01:38:19 That's because Chimborazo sits near the equator, where the planet's bulge is greatest.

01:38:25 The blue whale weighs as much as 30 elephants, makes sounds louder than a jet, and eats four

01:38:31 tons of food every day.

01:38:33 It's the largest living creature this planet has ever seen.

01:38:36 Only, not technically.

01:38:39 Head to the Malheur National Forest in Oregon, home to a creature that weighs as much as

01:38:44 20 blue whales.

01:38:45 The honey mushroom is a humongous fungus colony united into a common system.

01:38:51 The giant covers an area of 1,500 football fields, and it's thousands of years old.

01:38:57 Ask anyone to draw the sun, and they'll draw a happy yellow circle.

01:39:01 But if you look at our star from the moon or the International Space Station, you'll

01:39:05 see that it's actually white.

01:39:08 From Earth, the sun looks yellow or red thanks to the atmosphere acting like a filter.

01:39:14 Most people think time is constant and moves at the same speed no matter where you are.

01:39:19 But the speed of time depends on how close the watch is to Earth.

01:39:22 The weaker the gravity, the faster time passes.

01:39:26 So the person living in the apartment above you is aging faster than you.

01:39:30 Now, it's only 90 billionths of a second faster per one foot higher, so don't expect to notice

01:39:37 a difference if you decide to move to the first floor.

01:39:40 The ground under your feet feels pretty solid and whole.

01:39:44 But in reality, the Earth's crust is all broken up into plates, surfing on oceans of liquid

01:39:49 rock called magma.

01:39:51 You don't feel it, but the ground under you is moving a little over half an inch per year.

01:39:56 That's about the same rate your toenails grow.

01:39:59 Largest desert in the world?

01:40:00 Ha, easy, the Sahara.

01:40:02 Nope, it's Antarctica, which is almost two times bigger than the Sahara.

01:40:07 A desert isn't just a scorching sandy place where it doesn't rain.

01:40:11 It's a place with very little precipitation, so that includes snow too.

01:40:16 In some parts of Antarctica, it hasn't rained or snowed for millions of years.

01:40:21 In other parts, snow does fall, though rarely.

01:40:25 Point is, there's a myth that it doesn't snow in extreme cold.

01:40:29 Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth, and it snows there.

01:40:33 There is some truth to this old saying.

01:40:36 Cold is drier.

01:40:37 It doesn't retain moisture as well.

01:40:39 You need moisture to produce raindrops and snowflakes.

01:40:43 That's why there are fewer chances for snowfall when temperatures drop so low.

01:40:47 Oceans cover 70% of the Earth.

01:40:49 On average, the ocean is 8 Empire State Buildings deep, and less than 5% of its mysterious depths

01:40:55 have been explored.

01:40:57 It's even possible to find lakes and rivers beneath the ocean.

01:41:00 They're denser than the rest of the water surrounding them, so you can clearly see the

01:41:04 difference.

01:41:05 When the coral is in shallow waters, intense sunlight can damage the algae living inside

01:41:09 it.

01:41:10 To protect the algae, the coral produces some proteins that act as some kind of sunscreen

01:41:15 for it, so they really don't need to spend money on it.

01:41:18 Okay, most of the ocean may not be explored, but what we do know is about 20 million tons

01:41:23 of gold is dispersed through its dark waters.

01:41:26 It's concentrated in really small amounts, which is why it doesn't pay off to mine it.

01:41:31 If we could take it out, every person on the planet would get 9 pounds of gold.

01:41:37 When sharks need their morning joe, they go to a cafe too.

01:41:40 Back in 2002, researchers found an area in the Pacific Ocean called the White Shark Cafe,

01:41:46 where great white sharks come during the winter.

01:41:49 They simply hang out, tell jokes, and laugh at stories of how many humans they've scared,

01:41:53 and then go back to the coast to scare us a little bit more when the weather gets warmer.

01:41:57 Hey, have you had a great white latte?

01:41:59 Try one!

01:42:00 The widest point of the Pacific Ocean goes from Indonesia to Colombia, and at that part

01:42:05 is 12,300 miles across, over 5 times wider than the diameter of the Moon.

01:42:11 We might imagine oceans are cold, especially in depths where the temperature is only 40

01:42:16 degrees Fahrenheit.

01:42:17 But there's an exception – water that comes out of hydrothermal vents in the seafloor

01:42:21 has a temperature of up to 750 degrees!

01:42:25 Humans are the only animals whose brain gets smaller.

01:42:28 Yep, as we get older, it tends to shrink.

01:42:31 It can do so even because of isolation and loneliness.

01:42:35 Other animals, even some of our distant cousins from another side of the family tree like

01:42:39 monkeys and chimpanzees, have no problem with that.

01:42:42 I'm guessing television is the probable cause.

01:42:46 Our eardrums have nothing to do with the sense of sight, but they still move when we move

01:42:50 our eyes.

01:42:51 In the average lifetime, our heart beats over 2.5 billion times.

01:42:56 I've counted!

01:42:57 Our nose can detect over 1 trillion smells, and our lips are hundreds of times more sensitive

01:43:02 than the tips of our fingers.

01:43:05 Two of our body parts never stop growing – your nose and your ears.

01:43:10 Cockroaches are tough.

01:43:11 They can survive harsh conditions and have been around since dinosaurs ruled our planet.

01:43:16 But the termite queen beats all that with a lifespan of 50 years.

01:43:20 That's the longest any insect can live.

01:43:23 Regular termites live only 1-2 years.

01:43:26 It's not the water camels store in their humps, but fat.

01:43:30 They store water in their bloodstream.

01:43:32 Bees can fly really high – more than 29,500 feet, which is even higher than Mount Everest,

01:43:38 the tallest mountain on our planet.

01:43:40 Sloths are able to hold their breath longer than dolphins.

01:43:43 Yep, they slow their heart rates, and they can stay that way for almost 40 minutes.

01:43:48 Dolphins have to come to the surface to catch some air every 10 minutes.

01:43:52 The Moon has volcanoes, and scientists believe these might've been active around 100 million

01:43:57 years ago, when dinosaurs still ruled our planet.

01:44:00 Wow, the view must've been magnificent!

01:44:03 There are watermelons the size of a grape.

01:44:06 Cucamelons, if you prefer, mouse melons, actually look like really small watermelons, but at

01:44:12 the same time have a citrus flavor.

01:44:15 Not just mouse melons, there's also the kangaroo mouse.

01:44:18 This animal doesn't feel the need to drink water.

01:44:21 It lives in the Nevada desert, and since its habitat is really dry, it simply learned to

01:44:26 quench its thirst through seeds it likes to eat.

01:44:29 You may think parking is expensive in the area where you live, but it's probably cheaper

01:44:33 than a spot you'd pay in Hong Kong.

01:44:36 Just a 135-square-foot spot placed in front of the center, which is the 5th tallest building

01:44:41 in the city, was purchased for almost a million bucks.

01:44:44 I'll take a bus ticket, please.

01:44:47 Speaking of expensive, and I was, the world's priciest hot dog is $169, and you can try

01:44:54 it out in Seattle, Washington.

01:44:55 I don't have the money, but I am a little intrigued, must admit.

01:45:00 An Australian barista set a world record for the most cappuccinos made in one hour – 420

01:45:06 of them.

01:45:07 That's really a Java jive!

01:45:10 You can taste garlic with your feet.

01:45:12 Rub a clove right in your feet (of course, take the socks off beforehand) and wait for

01:45:17 it.

01:45:18 The chemical responsible for its unique smell can be absorbed through the skin even though

01:45:22 the clove was never in your mouth.

01:45:25 By the way, lobsters can try out the same experiment.

01:45:27 Well, they actually taste any food with their feet.

01:45:31 Ok, researchers have found many things that are evidence of prehistoric animals or our

01:45:35 human ancestors that lived thousands of years ago, like bones, teeth, stone tools, and a

01:45:41 piece of chewing gum, dating from almost 10,000 years ago.

01:45:46 In Tibet, there are black diamond apples that aren't green or red, but dark purple.

01:45:51 The place where they grow has plenty of ultraviolet light over the day, while the temperatures

01:45:56 drastically go down during the night, which makes the apple skin get a darker color.

01:46:01 Australia has a lake of naturally bubblegum pink color.

01:46:05 The unusual color is there because of the pigment from a certain type of algae living

01:46:09 there.

01:46:10 Clouds look so fluffy like they're made of giant puffs of cotton, but the average

01:46:14 one weighs around 1.1 million pounds, so please, stay up there!

01:46:20 A farmer from Iowa got hiccups that didn't stop for the next 68 years.

01:46:25 First hiccuping was about 40 times a minute, and after a while, 20 times.

01:46:30 He actually spent 70% of his life hiccuping.

01:46:33 A million seconds is somewhere around 12 days, and a billion seconds is almost 32 years.

01:46:40 Nothing unusual here, just a little bit of good old math that reminds us how cool the

01:46:44 time is.

01:46:46 Okay, sharks may be scarier than humans, but our teeth are just as strong as theirs, just

01:46:51 smaller.

01:46:53 Until the beginning of the 19th century, Americans actually thought tomatoes were poisonous.

01:46:58 So many tasty meals they missed believing that.

01:47:01 Yep, farmers discovered not just people have regional accents, but cows also have different

01:47:06 moods, according to the area where they live.

01:47:08 Hey, do cows get moody?

01:47:12 Giraffes have a tongue that's up to 20 inches long.

01:47:15 Ice cream maybe?

01:47:17 Actually, they can bend trees with their tongues.

01:47:20 There's a specific type of jellyfish that's actually immortal.

01:47:23 Hey, I can see that as a logo for a life insurance company!

01:47:28 The Earth is orbiting the Sun, but not at a fixed speed rate.

01:47:32 We don't sense it, but it's slowing as time goes by, so our day will become 25 hours

01:47:37 long in about 175 million years.

01:47:40 So don't plan that extra hour in your schedule just yet!

01:47:44 Space is huge, duh.

01:47:46 But there's obviously lots of empty spots since there are more trees (3 trillion) on

01:47:51 our planet than stars in the Milky Way (only about 300-400 billion, wow).

01:47:58 When someone mentions the biggest desert, you probably picture the endless sandy surface

01:48:02 of the Sahara, burning under the hot Sun.

01:48:05 Well, not quite.

01:48:07 The biggest desert is the Antarctic Polar Desert, which covers over 5.5 million square

01:48:11 miles in…

01:48:12 Buffalo.

01:48:13 Nah, Antarctica.

01:48:14 Sounds strange at first, but the definition says a desert is a place that gets less than

01:48:20 10 inches of precipitation annually.

01:48:22 Still, it doesn't say if it has to be hot.

01:48:25 Ostriches don't actually hide their heads in the sand.

01:48:28 When they sense danger, they lower down their head, neck, and body to the ground, which

01:48:33 makes them a little bit less visible to predators.

01:48:36 Their light-colored neck blends in with the sand, so it only looks like their head is

01:48:40 hidden down there.

01:48:42 The first commercial passenger flight happened at the beginning of the 20th century.

01:48:47 It was a 23-minute flight that cost $400 (which is about $8,500 a day), and the plane flew

01:48:54 between two cities in Florida.

01:48:56 A famous Egyptian ruler, Cleopatra, lived closer to cell phones than to the time when

01:49:01 the Great Pyramids of Egypt were completed.

01:49:04 Well, that's a gap.

01:49:07 Speaking of cell phones, every 2 minutes there are more photos taken than in the entire 19th

01:49:12 century.

01:49:13 Ok, let's add one more to those statistics.

01:49:16 Cheese!

01:49:17 Ooh, great news!

01:49:20 Eating ice cream won't make your cold worse.

01:49:22 Plain dairy can help soothe a sore throat and give you the calories you need when you

01:49:26 don't feel like cooking or eating anything more substantial.

01:49:29 Giraffes sleep for way more longer than 30 minutes a day.

01:49:33 Their night and afternoon naps add up to around 4.5 hours a day.

01:49:37 You can't have a truly photographic memory, even if you can recall visual material in

01:49:42 more detail than others.

01:49:43 You'll never compare to a film or camera sensor when it comes to precision.

01:49:47 A bigger brain doesn't automatically make you smarter.

01:49:50 Elephants and whales have brains way larger than humans.

01:49:53 We might not have an impressive brain-to-body mass ratio, but 86 billion neurons help humans

01:49:59 stay the smartest species on the planet.

01:50:02 Light isn't the fastest thing in the world – it's gossip.

01:50:05 No, actually, nothing can compare to it in speed in a vacuum, but it slows down when

01:50:10 it's going through water or glass.

01:50:12 Particles like electrons, neutrons, or neutrinos win in those conditions.

01:50:17 The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter isn't tumbling with dangerous rocks constantly

01:50:21 colliding.

01:50:22 If you ever found yourself there, you'd see how empty and calm it is.

01:50:26 The asteroids are so far apart from each other, the chances of collision are super small.

01:50:30 A spaceship radar would detect it and help avoid any risks.

01:50:34 You don't have to wait for the spring equinox to make an egg stand on its head.

01:50:38 It doesn't need equal gravity or anything and can perfectly do it on any day of the

01:50:43 year.

01:50:44 Oranges aren't always orange.

01:50:46 The green-skinned variety is just as sweet and perfectly ripe.

01:50:50 This skin color protects them from the sun and is also a sign that there's plenty of

01:50:53 chlorophyll in the fruit.

01:50:55 That's why green oranges mostly grow in warmer clients and are sometimes painted orange

01:51:00 to look more regular to buyers across the world.

01:51:02 More good news!

01:51:03 You really always can squeeze in some dessert, no matter how much salad, soup, or meat you've

01:51:08 eaten before.

01:51:09 You get bored of the savory tastes, but when you see and smell ice cream, cakes, cookies,

01:51:14 and chocolate (let me take a minute here… hmmm) your brain gets excited and overrides

01:51:19 fullness signals for pleasure.

01:51:21 Plus your stomach is a flexible organ, and sugar helps it relax and physically make room

01:51:25 for dessert.

01:51:27 You have way more than 5 senses.

01:51:29 In addition to sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, there is your ability to sense

01:51:33 heat and cold, detect vibrations along air or water, tell where some of your body parts

01:51:38 are in relation to others, feel pain, thirst, hunger, time, and many other things.

01:51:44 When you call someone using your cell phone, the signal doesn't go through a satellite.

01:51:48 Your gadget is always looking for wireless radio signal and transmitting data to and

01:51:52 from land-based cellular towers.

01:51:54 If you want to call someone, the nearest tower connects you to another cell through a huge

01:51:58 network of tower-to-tower communications.

01:52:01 Brown sugar isn't any healthier than white sugar.

01:52:04 It's mostly white sugar with some extra residual sticky syrup in it.

01:52:08 The syrup has some vitamins and minerals like potassium and magnesium, but even that doesn't

01:52:13 make it diet food.

01:52:14 The Eiffel Tower was supposed to be there for just 20 years.

01:52:18 The idea of it was to show off France's industrial power during the World's Fair.

01:52:22 But because Eiffel added a radio antenna and wireless telegraph transmitter to it, they

01:52:26 decided to keep it.

01:52:28 It also has a secret apartment on top and used to double as a meteorology lab.

01:52:32 It's also a great landmark for a rendezvous.

01:52:36 Green and black tea really come from the same bush.

01:52:39 The leaves get their different tastes and looks after they've been harvested.

01:52:43 Green tea is withered and heated through steaming.

01:52:46 Black tea is crushed or curled and then allowed to oxidize and darken.

01:52:50 Honey can spoil if you leave it uncovered in a human environment.

01:52:54 Keep the lid on and make sure no water gets inside, and it'll be edible for a really

01:52:58 long time.

01:53:00 Its antibacterial powers won't let any organisms settle in there.

01:53:03 If you leave wasps alone, nope, they won't necessarily do the same.

01:53:08 Bees will respect your boundaries if you don't try to hurt them.

01:53:10 Yellow jackets are so bad-tempered, they can sting even if you're just walking by their

01:53:14 nest without knowing it and are perfectly still.

01:53:17 So there.

01:53:19 Camels don't store water in their humps.

01:53:21 They use it as a reservoir for fat to let them survive for days in the desert without

01:53:25 stopping for food.

01:53:27 They get water in huge amounts on the way to keep them hydrated.

01:53:30 Excess water stays in their bloodstream.

01:53:33 Animals can't turn their heads full circle.

01:53:35 Two hundred seventy degrees is as far as they can go without seriously hurting themselves.

01:53:40 It's possible thanks to their unique neck bone structure.

01:53:44 Bats aren't blind.

01:53:45 When it's dark outside, they hunt using echolocation, using echoes bouncing off objects to navigate.

01:53:51 There are many kinds of bats, and some of them can see three times better than humans.

01:53:56 They have receptors that enable these bat species to see ultraviolet light.

01:54:01 Fortune cookies aren't originally from China.

01:54:03 According to the most popular version of the origin story, they were invented by a Japanese

01:54:08 immigrant in San Francisco in the early 1900s.

01:54:11 Einstein wasn't bad at math in school.

01:54:14 He mastered calculus at age 15 and was always at the top of his class.

01:54:18 This myth comes from the story of Einstein failing an entrance exam to a college in Zurich.

01:54:24 He did great at the math portion but failed botany, zoology, and language sections.

01:54:28 Elephants are really afraid of mice.

01:54:31 Like most mammals, they have brains programmed to jump back when they see a critter.

01:54:35 No matter how huge they are, elephants will be startled by little things moving fast by

01:54:39 their feet.

01:54:40 A mouse can't do them any harm, though.

01:54:43 Even if it tried climbing up the trunk, the elephant can easily get it off.

01:54:47 The sun isn't yellow.

01:54:48 It's a bunch of colors that mix and make it appear white.

01:54:51 We see it as yellow or orange because the atmosphere of the Earth scatters colors like

01:54:56 blue, green, and violet.

01:54:58 This is also why we see the sky as blue, and the sun looks warmer at sunrise and sunset.

01:55:04 Not all comets have tails.

01:55:06 When they're next to a star, they look like small frozen chunks of ice and rock.

01:55:10 As they approach a star, the ice is scattered away thanks to the solar wind and looks like

01:55:14 a tail.

01:55:15 Sometimes these tails are too faint to see.

01:55:18 Comets can also get a tail of dust and gas particles.

01:55:21 An ostrich doesn't hide its head in the sand when in danger.

01:55:25 They are the fastest two-legged animals and can outrun almost any intruder or kick them

01:55:29 with their powerful legs.

01:55:31 They sometimes bend down to eat some sand for better digestion.

01:55:34 They also do it to check their eggs in the ground when they start a family.

01:55:38 You can sleep outside after washing your hair, and it won't make you sick.

01:55:42 Even sleeping outside in sub-zero temperatures at that time can just make you chilly and

01:55:46 make your hair freeze.

01:55:48 Viruses cause colds, and they don't care about your hair condition.

01:55:52 The Earth doesn't get closer to the sun in the summer.

01:55:54 In reality, it's farthest from the sun in July and closest to it in January.

01:55:59 It's warmer in the summer because the axis of our planet is tilted, letting its northern

01:56:04 part catch more sunlight for half of the year and the southern part for the other half.

01:56:08 So in summer, the sun is above the horizon for up to 17 hours a day and just for around

01:56:13 6 hours during winter.

01:56:16 You can't see millions of stars even on the clearest night and far from sources of

01:56:19 light.

01:56:20 The highest number you can see if you have really good eyesight is around 3,000 of them.

01:56:25 They are the ones that are close enough and bright enough.

01:56:29 Some other luminous objects you can spot are planets, distant galaxies, and artificial

01:56:33 satellites.

01:56:34 The Moon really doesn't have a dark side.

01:56:37 It's tidally locked with Earth, so we always see just one side of it.

01:56:41 The sun, the Moon, and our Earth are all constantly moving.

01:56:45 So there are times when the side of the Moon visible to us is lit, and then its other side.

01:56:50 It only seems dark to us.

01:56:52 No worries, you don't eat 8 spiders every night in your sleep.

01:56:56 Most people sleep with their mouths closed, so a spider can't make it inside.

01:57:00 Even if you sleep with your mouth wide open, the powerful vibrations you produce while

01:57:05 breathing and a warm stream of air coming out of your mouth will scare away any little

01:57:10 spider.

01:57:11 A penny dropped from the Empire State Building won't damage anyone on the ground.

01:57:15 It's lightweight and can't speed up enough to be that devastating.

01:57:19 The coin's speed does grow with every passing second during the fall, but the air resistance

01:57:23 increases too.

01:57:25 The worst it can do to a passerby is sting a little.

01:57:29 Mammoths were really still roaming the planet at the time the pyramids in Giza were built.

01:57:33 Most mammoths had been wiped out around 10,000 years ago, but a small population of 500-1,000

01:57:39 woolly mammoths lived in the Arctic until as recently as 1650 BCE.

01:57:44 The Great Pyramid of Giza had existed for 1,000 years by the time the last woolly mammoth

01:57:49 disappeared.

01:57:50 Your tongue doesn't have bitter, sweet, sour, salty, or umami sections for tasting.

01:57:55 Not even "ooh daddy!"

01:57:57 Each of the 8,000 taste buds that you have on the tongue, the roof of the mouth, and

01:58:01 even in the throat can detect all the tastes the same way.

01:58:04 You don't have to worry about putting certain foods in certain places in your mouth to get

01:58:08 a better taste.

01:58:10 Fingerprints aren't 100% unique.

01:58:13 Human people can have somewhat similar patterns.

01:58:15 Plus, with over 7 billion people on the planet right now, and not all of the fingerprints

01:58:20 recorded, we can't be sure anyway.

01:58:22 Your brain has more nerve connections than there are stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

01:58:26 It's around 200 billion stars versus 100 billion nerve cells multiplied by 40,000 nerve

01:58:33 connections.

01:58:34 It's impossible to breathe and swallow at the same time.

01:58:37 There's a food pipe and a windpipe at the back of your mouth.

01:58:40 When you swallow, the air could take the food through the wrong pipe down to your lungs.

01:58:45 The consequences would be dramatic.

01:58:47 To prevent it from happening, there's a flap guarding the windpipe.

01:58:51 When food or drink is going through, breathing is temporarily paused.

01:58:55 You can't hum while holding your nose.

01:58:57 You're exhaling during humming, and when both your mouth and your nose are closed,

01:59:01 the air can't escape.

01:59:03 Sushi restaurants don't serve real wasabi.

01:59:06 It would be incredibly expensive, so they replace it with dyed horseradish with mustard.

01:59:11 The real thing is from the same family of plants.

01:59:14 It's served fresh, grated off the stalk, and tastes sweeter.

01:59:17 Your chances of getting it are about 0.5%, and if you do, you'll know it from a super

01:59:23 high price.

01:59:25 Carrots weren't originally orange.

01:59:27 Before the 16th to 17th century, almost all of them were purple, with some rare yellow

01:59:31 and white exceptions.

01:59:33 Orange carrots have been cultivated by Dutch farmers.

01:59:36 They believe they'd be easier to grow.

01:59:38 It's true that things appear weightless in outer space, but there's gravity everywhere.

01:59:43 The further you get from a heavy object, like Earth, the weaker it gets.

01:59:47 Still, gravity affects every single spot in the universe that has mass.

01:59:52 Strawberries aren't berries.

01:59:54 Neither are raspberries or blackberries.

01:59:56 Bananas, eggplants, grapes, tomatoes, and oranges are berries.

02:00:00 They have three distinct fleshy layers, two or more seeds, and develop from one flower.

02:00:06 You do have enough iron in your body to produce a metal nail that's 3 inches long.

02:00:11 Try it sometime.

02:00:12 Wait, don't.

02:00:13 Lightning can strike the same spot twice, three times, or more than a hundred times.

02:00:18 Even during the same thunderstorm, nothing can stop a lightning bolt from striking the

02:00:22 same place it had struck a few seconds earlier or centuries ago.

02:00:26 Lightning prefers tall and isolated objects.

02:00:29 The Empire State Building, for example, is hit about 25 times a year.

02:00:34 The largest living organism isn't the blue whale or the African elephant.

02:00:38 It's honey fungus across the Blue Mountains in Oregon.

02:00:41 It's as long as 6 ½ Burj Khalifa's end-to-end, and that's the world's tallest building.

02:00:46 It's still growing, and it's edible.

02:00:49 Turkeys can blush, just like humans.

02:00:52 The skin on their heads and necks can turn red or blue when they're excited, angry,

02:00:56 or sick.

02:00:57 The flap of skin over their necks is called a snood and can go bright red from excitement.

02:01:03 During mating season, male turkeys' waddles also turn scarlet to show their interest to

02:01:07 females.

02:01:09 The Sahara isn't the biggest desert in the world.

02:01:12 The Antarctic Desert is almost twice as large.

02:01:15 The second place belongs to the Arctic Desert, and the Sahara is third.

02:01:19 The main feature of a desert isn't the excessive heat or dunes.

02:01:22 It's the lack of precipitation.

02:01:24 The ice fields and rocky mountains of the Antarctic almost never get a drop of rain.

02:01:29 Sitting too close to a TV won't make you go blind or give you serious vision problems.

02:01:34 Hey, tell that to my mother!

02:01:36 It can temporarily strain your eyes, but long-term problems are super rare.

02:01:40 Reading in the dark won't make you go blind either.

02:01:43 Flies live longer than 24 hours.

02:01:45 An average housefly lives for around 1 month.

02:01:48 Fruit flies have a lifespan of 40 to 50 days.

02:01:51 Over this time, one female fly can have up to 500 offspring.

02:01:55 That's why leaving flies in a locked room and waiting won't solve your insect problem.

02:02:01 Bears don't sleep for months during hibernation.

02:02:03 The processes in their bodies slow down, and they don't eat or drink.

02:02:07 But they can still perfectly react to any unexpected things going on around them, so

02:02:11 keep your distance from their dens.

02:02:14 Cracking your knuckles isn't bad for your health.

02:02:16 The sound you'll hear while doing it is a special organic fluid bursting into the

02:02:20 gaps between your bones.

02:02:21 It happens under the pressure you put on your joints and is harmless.

02:02:25 Goldfish don't forget everything that happens to them after 3 seconds.

02:02:29 Experiments have proven they can do pretty well with their tiny brains storing information

02:02:34 for several months.

02:02:35 They can also hide from their foes and find food.

02:02:39 You can't fry an egg on a sidewalk, no matter how high the temperature is outside.

02:02:43 An egg needs 158 degrees to cook, though, and a sidewalk only gets to a maximum of 145

02:02:49 degrees.

02:02:50 Bananas don't grow on trees.

02:02:52 They're an herb, related to the ginger family, and look somewhat like aloe vera or other

02:02:57 stem-like succulents.

02:02:59 Chameleons don't change their color to blend in with the environment.

02:03:02 They do it to show their mood and to communicate.

02:03:05 They turn black when they're nervous or upset, and when they're happy, you'll

02:03:09 see the bright green or blue.

02:03:11 They use lighter colors to attract mates.

02:03:14 Toilet flushes don't spin in the opposite direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

02:03:18 The Earth's rotation affects things like the Gulf Stream and hurricanes, but it has

02:03:22 no control over toilets.

02:03:24 The direction varies from model to model and depends on the water pressure.

02:03:29 Mustard seed isn't the smallest in the world.

02:03:31 The record holder in this category is the orchid seed from the tropical rainforest.

02:03:36 Some of them are so small, you won't see them with an unaided eye.

02:03:39 They pop out in the air like dust particles and land on rainforest trees to spread further.

02:03:45 Carrots are full of vitamin A, but even that isn't enough to help you see in complete

02:03:49 darkness.

02:03:50 It can only help you maintain healthy eyesight.

02:03:54 Everything in the Solar System is always in motion.

02:03:57 The Moon is moving away from the Earth with each year, and our planet gets further and

02:04:01 further from the Sun.

02:04:02 You're also constantly on the move, even when you're standing perfectly still.

02:04:07 White chocolate isn't really chocolate.

02:04:09 It's made from sugar, milk products, vanilla, cocoa butter, and lecithin, but doesn't

02:04:14 have chocolate solids in it.

02:04:16 Cocoa butter is derived from cacao beans, which makes white chocolate a cousin of dark

02:04:20 and milk chocolate, but not the closest relative or the same thing.

02:04:25 Coffee won't stunt your growth.

02:04:27 How tall you'll grow is genetic.

02:04:29 A healthy diet can contribute to that too.

02:04:32 Set your coffee consumption limit at 2 cups a day, and you'll be fine.

02:04:37 You don't need to wash chicken before you cook it.

02:04:40 Doing it can spread germs onto your hands, work surfaces, clothing, and cooking supplies

02:04:44 through splashes.

02:04:46 Walnuts aren't really nuts.

02:04:48 Neither are almonds, cashews, Brazil nuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, pistachios, or pine

02:04:54 nuts.

02:04:55 They're all formerly seeds of droops.

02:04:57 They can't be called nuts, as they aren't fruits that have a single edible seed with

02:05:01 an inedible outer shell.

02:05:03 Diamonds aren't actually that rare.

02:05:05 They're ordinary rocks, and extracting them isn't as complicated as it used to be 150

02:05:10 years ago.

02:05:12 Marketing and advertising campaigns and artificially raised prices help them to become something

02:05:17 considered luxury.

02:05:19 Bulls don't get angry when you show them something red.

02:05:22 They are red-green colorblind and can only see yellow, green, blue, and violet colors.

02:05:27 Movement is what makes them angry and self-protective.

02:05:30 So try to look like a banana.

02:05:32 Swimming right after a meal won't give you cramps.

02:05:35 Your body needs some extra blood to digest food, but swimming won't revert it from the

02:05:39 muscles in your arms and legs messing up their work.

02:05:43 Adding salt to water won't make it boil faster.

02:05:45 The temperature of salt water will get higher faster than that of regular water.

02:05:49 But the boiling point will also be higher, and salt adds some extra mass to it, so things

02:05:54 won't speed up.

02:05:56 Kangaroos can't walk backwards.

02:05:58 They have muscular legs, big feet, and tails, and can move forward fast but can't go in

02:06:03 the opposite direction because of this body construction.

02:06:06 They're on the Australian coat of arms along with emus that can't move backward either,

02:06:10 symbolizing that the country is always striving forward.

02:06:15 Milk won't make your bones indestructible.

02:06:17 It does have calcium and vitamin D in it, but no magical bone-healing powers.

02:06:22 It is good with cookies.

02:06:23 It is not a myth.

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