Voici Comment L’eau Peut Endommager Notre ADN

Sympa

Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé comment quelque chose d'aussi innocent que l'eau pourrait causer des ravages sur votre ADN ? Eh bien, attachez vos ceintures car nous plongeons dans la science qui se cache derrière. Que ce soit à cause des radiations UV, des produits chimiques, ou simplement de l'usure, l'eau peut causer des changements minuscules mais significatifs à la structure de notre code génétique. Joignez-vous à nous alors que nous démêlons les mystères des dommages à l'ADN causés par l'eau et explorons le monde fascinant de la biologie moléculaire. Alors, prenez votre blouse de laboratoire et une tasse d'eau (peut-être pas en même temps), et découvrons les effets secondaires pas si sympathiques de l'H2O sur notre ADN.  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00 You probably won't be surprised to learn that the water coming out of your sewage

00:04 doesn't just come from a nearby river.

00:07 In most cases, it has to go through a long process before being made drinkable

00:12 or used to take a shower.

00:14 But a part of the scientific community is concerned by the way we treat this water

00:20 before it is clean enough for human consumption.

00:23 The problem is that some countries still use substances in the treatment of their water

00:28 that could harm our DNA.

00:30 It seems that the culprit is colloidal silver.

00:33 It is a mineral that has been used in medicine for a long time

00:36 because it can eliminate some germs.

00:38 However, it can do more harm than good.

00:41 In addition, there is little evidence that it actually works to disinfect water.

00:45 And now, researchers warn us that there is a risk that it can actually damage DNA.

00:51 Researchers have compiled previous studies where the effects of silver,

00:55 silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles had been measured.

00:59 And, although none of these studies draw a definitive conclusion,

01:03 we think there is a chance that silver-treated water is harmful.

01:07 Currently, official directives on the quality of drinking water

01:11 do not include any precise value for the presence of silver,

01:14 but they suggest that a very low concentration could be tolerated

01:18 without presenting health risks.

01:20 In summary, we need more advanced research to determine

01:25 whether silver-treated water has any other allergens present in your altered DNA.

01:29 In the meantime, we may need to look at other ways of treating silver,

01:34 just to be sure.

01:36 Wait a minute, what is DNA first?

01:39 I would also ask myself the same question if I were you.

01:42 Let's talk a little about the nucleus of molecular biology,

01:45 the desoxyribonucleic acid, or, as we like to use simpler acronyms, DNA.

01:51 You may have heard that it was the cornerstone of all life, and it's quite true.

01:56 DNA is the ultimate instruction manual for all living beings,

02:00 from the smallest microbe to the biggest elephant, you and me included.

02:04 But DNA is much more than a simple set of instructions.

02:07 It is the very definition of a family heritage,

02:10 passed down from generation to generation, like your grandfather's old watch.

02:15 And just like this watch, DNA has existed for a long time.

02:19 It dates back to the first forms of life that appeared on Earth.

02:22 Now, let's tackle what makes DNA so complex.

02:26 It is made up of small elements that are imbued, like pieces of a puzzle.

02:30 And when these pieces are arranged in a specific order,

02:34 they can order a little bit of everything, from the color of your eyes to the size of your feet.

02:39 Oh, you do it slow for us again, Ella.

02:41 But how does it all work?

02:43 How do we get the slightest information from these tiny pieces of a puzzle?

02:47 Well, it's a mystery that scientists have been working on for decades.

02:51 But one thing we know is that DNA has, so to speak, the spirit of a team.

02:57 Each cell in a multicellular organism has a complete set of DNA.

03:01 What's interesting is that, in general,

03:04 our precious genetic code strands can take a lot of damage.

03:08 A single cell can suffer up to 10,000 road accidents within its chromosomes in just 24 hours.

03:15 But don't worry, most of these little incidents are fixed,

03:19 like with a good band-aid.

03:21 However, some damage can lead to permanent errors,

03:25 also called genetic mutations or restructuring,

03:29 which can lead to unenviable affections in the human body.

03:32 In fact, some studies suggest that DNA could be damaged by some of the most surprising factors,

03:38 like salt, for example.

03:40 It would seem that if we were technically able to sprinkle salt on DNA,

03:44 it could cause serious damage to it.

03:46 But don't worry too much, there's a light at the end of the tunnel.

03:50 As soon as the salt level drops, these damages begin to heal.

03:54 The only problem is that scientists don't know exactly where these accidents occur,

03:59 nor what their nature is.

04:01 And speaking of a salty environment,

04:03 there is a tiny microbe called Allobacterium,

04:07 which lives in the Dead Sea and could teach us a lot about biotechnology

04:11 and even about life on other planets.

04:13 It's because this little creature is a real prodigy.

04:16 Allobacterium could actually hold the key,

04:19 allowing to protect astronauts from one of the biggest threats

04:23 that would weigh on them during a mission on Mars, cosmic radiation.

04:27 It could be dangerous for astronauts' DNA and could potentially cause serious diseases.

04:32 But Allobacterium seems to be a master of the art of damaged DNA repair.

04:37 And scientists want to learn from him.

04:40 Researchers at the University of Maryland have conducted a series of experiments

04:43 to test the limits of Allobacterium's self-repairing capabilities

04:47 using cutting-edge genetic techniques.

04:50 Even after seeing their DNA completely fragmented,

04:53 these tiny organisms are able to reconstruct the entirety of their chromosomes

04:57 and make it viable again in just a few hours.

05:00 But how did Allobacterium become such a tenacious survivor?

05:05 Well, it naturally thrives in rather inhospitable places,

05:09 such as the saltiest water streams, such as the Dead Sea.

05:13 In this region, most marine organisms would quickly dry up

05:17 and not survive for long.

05:19 But Allobacterium has evolved to adapt to this lifestyle.

05:22 And this could explain why it is so gifted at surviving radiation

05:26 and other types of aggression.

05:28 During an experiment, researchers exposed Allobacterium cells

05:32 to intense UV radiation,

05:34 which completely destroyed most of the other microbes.

05:37 Yet, 80% of Allobacterium cells survived

05:41 and continued to live and reproduce properly.

05:45 In this other experiment, we used an empty cell to expose

05:49 the cellulose Allobacterium, a disconditioned semblables

05:53 a cellulose d'Ellespace.

05:55 And these tiny cells were trapped inside salt crystals,

05:59 which then protected them from any additional damage.

06:03 Some scientists even claim to have discovered living Allobacterium cells,

06:07 imprisoned in old salt deposits, 250 million years old.

06:11 If this is true, it could have profound implications

06:15 for microbial life on Mars,

06:17 given the data collected by the Rovers Spirit and Opportunity,

06:21 which suggest that the Martian surface used to contain

06:25 saltwater basins.

06:27 We can see things this way.

06:29 Of course, salt and especially saltwater can damage the DNA.

06:33 But they can also help us better understand how

06:37 we can survive in extreme environments.

06:40 There are still many things we do not understand about human DNA, of course.

06:44 But did you know that you and I share no less than 90.99% of our DNA?

06:49 We are almost genetic twins, consider this.

06:52 You could have a devastating smile or a opulent hair,

06:56 while I could have the most jovial faux-sets,

06:59 or the gift of reciting each line of my favorite series.

07:02 It's very good.

07:03 But at the end of the day, we are all made of the same building blocks.

07:07 It is this 0.01% of DNA that distinguishes us and makes life interesting.

07:12 It could also be that we have more in common with cabbage than we would like to believe.

07:16 It turns out that 50% of our DNA is identical to that of this vegetable.

07:21 But do not worry, it is not as if it were going to start growing leaves or whatever.

07:26 It is fascinating to consider that each living being on Earth

07:30 evolved from the same ancestor more than 4 billion years ago.

07:34 And this ancestor was probably just a tiny unicellular organism

07:39 with a tiny bit of DNA.

07:42 From there, it evolved into everything that exists,

07:45 bacteria to humans, with their billions of cells.

07:48 What about our closest relatives in the animal kingdom?

07:51 Well, this distinction comes back to chimpanzees and bonobos.

07:55 Recent studies have shown that bonobos shared as much of our DNA as their chimpanzee counterparts.

08:01 But here's the thing, although sharing about 99% of our DNA with these primates,

08:07 we humans are very different from them.

08:10 Well, some of us are.

08:12 Researchers who have sequenced the bonobo genome have discovered some intriguing differences in the DNA of the three species.

08:19 This could be the key to understanding why these incredible primates do not look and behave like us,

08:26 even though they are so close in age.

08:28 Finally, for my part, I have a little cousin who acts more or less like them.

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