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  • 3/2/2024
"Pas besoin de désherber, ça pousse très vite en étouffant les mauvaises herbes": Olivier Schintgen, agriculteur céréalier sur 187 hectares dans l'Essonne a découvert la culture du chanvre bio il y a trois ans, et il est devenu accro.
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00:00 No need to weed, it grows very quickly by suffocating weeds.
00:03 Olivier Schindgen, a cereal farmer on 187 hectares in Lessones,
00:08 discovered the culture of organic hemp three years ago, and he became addicted.
00:12 For the insulation of buildings, hemp, like straw or wood, is booming in France.
00:18 Despite a high cost, these bio-sourced products are in high demand
00:22 to replace plastic or mineral materials, polystyrene, rock wool, glass wool.
00:27 They contribute to reducing the energy consumption of buildings
00:31 and to decarbonizing the construction sector,
00:33 which emits nearly 40% of the world's CO2 emissions responsible for global warming.
00:38 But while France had up to 176,000 hectares of hemp grown around 1830,
00:44 used mainly in the textile industry,
00:46 it now has only 23,145,
00:49 exploited by 1,550 farmers throughout the country,
00:52 0.3% of French farmers mainly in the Grand-Thé, Vendée, Seine-et-Marne and Hautes-Saônes.
00:59 A very small agricultural sector, but in the middle of the Renaissance,
01:03 in the 60s to 70s,
01:05 300 hectares of hemp were downloaded from the lowest level,
01:08 according to Franck Barbier, agriculturalist and president of Interchamvre,
01:11 the interprofession of the sector created in 2003.
01:14 On the surface, France is now third in the world,
01:18 behind China and Canada, under Interchamvre,
01:21 who organized a meeting with the press this week
01:24 as part of the Agriculture Salon in Paris.
01:27 The surface within the European Union rose to 58,257 hectares in 2022,
01:32 France holding more than a third of the total,
01:34 followed by Germany far behind, with only 6,943 hectares.
01:39 15 tons of CO2
01:41 In addition to its capacity for carbon-capturing wells,
01:44 15 tons of CO2 per hectare,
01:46 farmers are especially attracted by the agronomic interest of the plant
01:49 which leaves the fields clean and sober in water
01:51 and avoids the use of fungicides, herbicides and insecticides,
01:55 underlines Mr. Schindgen.
01:57 The mayor of Trilport in Seine-et-Marne,
01:59 Jean-Michel Moret has been defending the sector since 2009.
02:03 He was one of the pioneers of eco-districts
02:05 designed from bio-sourced materials,
02:07 wood, hemp and local.
02:09 "My region has been heavily polluted by the Trasine for years,
02:13 a dangerous systemic herbicide now forbidden,
02:16 and I was looking for a way to make agriculture cleaner without impoverishing the soil,"
02:20 he explains to AFP.
02:22 Everything is exploitable in this plant, he says.
02:25 The seed is used for food oil or cosmetics,
02:28 the inner stem, or "chaîne vôte",
02:30 is used to make concrete from hemp,
02:32 animal litter or horticultural straw,
02:34 and the straw or fiber used to make the building's insulators,
02:37 is used in the textile industry,
02:39 car plaster,
02:41 for interior car fittings,
02:43 and especially in the paper mill, its historical outlet.
02:46 "But the income remains lower than wheat or cereals,
02:49 especially since there is no price on the world market,"
02:52 admits Joël Lagnaud of Interchamvre.
02:54 "In order for the price to be attractive
02:56 and to encourage farmers to sow hemp,
02:58 we are increasing their remuneration
03:00 to secure our supplies,"
03:02 explains Arthur Cordelier,
03:04 carpenter and CEO of the young Wallop company,
03:07 created in 2019 in Aulnoy, Seine-et-Marne.
03:10 Wallop has invented a concept of prefabricated insulating panels
03:13 with wood satures, filled with hemp insulators,
03:15 for construction.
03:17 Another hindrance to development,
03:19 the lack of transformation tools,
03:21 factories or cooperatives,
03:23 that are close to agricultural operations.
03:25 France only has 7 hemp plants.
03:27 One of the most famous,
03:29 the CAVAC in Vendée,
03:31 is tripling its production capacity
03:33 after an investment of nearly 30 million euros,
03:35 Planète Chamvre in Seine-et-Marne as well.
03:37 In the Sone,
03:39 Gatti Chamvre invested 3 million euros
03:41 to restart its plant,
03:43 explains Delphin Pallu, its director.
03:45 "In order to further develop the crop,
03:47 the company hopes to obtain a green fire
03:49 from Brussels or for the Chamvre to benefit
03:51 from subsidies from the Common Agricultural Policy,
03:53 PAC, known for environmental services,
03:55 or that it can be produced on the Jachères,
03:57 since it does not need any pesticides,"
03:59 explains Frank Barbier.
04:01 "Our goal is to reach 45,000 hectares by 2027."
04:03 France only has 7 hemp plants.
04:05 One of the most famous,

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