Image of Hepatitis A virusOpens in a new window www.fda.gov Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It's one of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis globally. While often uncomfortable, most people recover completely within a few months and develop lifelong immunity to the virus.
Here's a closer look at Hepatitis A:
Transmission:
Contaminated food or water: HAV is primarily transmitted through fecal-oral contact. This means ingesting food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. This can happen through: Contaminated shellfish (especially oysters and clams) Unwashed fruits and vegetables Food handled by an infected person who didn't wash their hands properly Contaminated drinking water, especially in areas with poor sanitation Close contact with an infected person: HAV can also spread through close contact with an infected person, such as: Sharing utensils or food Having close physical contact, including sexual contact Changing diapers of an infected child Symptoms:
Symptoms of Hepatitis A typically appear 2-6 weeks after exposure to the virus. They can range from mild to severe and may include:
Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) Dark urine Clay-colored stools Prevention:
The best way to prevent Hepatitis A is to get vaccinated. The vaccine is safe and effective for most people and provides long-lasting protection against the virus. Other preventive measures include:
Practicing good hand hygiene: Washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the bathroom, changing diapers, or handling food. Drinking safe water: Only drinking bottled or treated water, especially when traveling to areas with poor sanitation. Eating safe food: Avoiding raw or undercooked shellfish, washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly, and cooking food to proper temperatures. Treatment:
There is no specific treatment for Hepatitis A. Most people recover on their own with supportive care, such as:
Rest Plenty of fluids Pain medication A healthy diet In rare cases, Hepatitis A can lead to serious complications, such as liver failure. If you experience severe symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention immediately.
Additional facts about Hepatitis A:
Hepatitis A is common in parts of the world with poor sanitation and hygiene. Travelers to these areas are at increased risk of infection. People with chronic liver disease are at higher risk of complications from Hepatitis A. There are two safe and effective vaccines available to prevent Hepatitis A.
