Australia and the Middle East have the greatest potential to be major exporters of “green” hydrogen in the coming years. Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy instead of fossil fuels. It can be used as a clean power source for sectors such as manufacturing and transportation — but it is expensive to produce and difficult to transport. Still, an expected surge in demand for low-carbon hydrogen — which includes green hydrogen — has prompted several countries to announce plans to build hydrogen-exporting capabilities. Nearly 60% of such projects are in Australia and the Middle East, which are near potential major importers in Northeast Asia and Europe. The main question is which market can overcome the cost and challenges of transporting hydrogen, especially over long distances. Hydrogen could be a gamechanger in global efforts to slash carbon emissions and enhance energy security. Demand for low-carbon hydrogen could rise 6-fold to as high as 530 million tonnes by 2050 if countries keep their pledges to reduce global warming. Costs to produce green hydrogen are expected to fall as the technology improves and renewable electricity costs decline, which will help nudge producers toward the clean energy source.