A Province of Papua New Guinea Could Turn Into a New Country. For nearly two decades, the area of Bougainville has been declared a autonomous region. Last month in a non-binding independence referendum, residents voted to declare their independence. This means the region may soon claim status as a country. Papua New Guinea's government would first have to ratify the vote outcome, which is likely to happen. So what is Bougainville?. As of 2011, the region has a population of nearly 250,000. Ancient history shows that humans have inhabited the area for 29,000 years. It is also a popular spot for tourists that contains lots of beautiful beaches. There is no airport, so you will have to fly to Papua New Guinea and then take a boat to the area
